可控串补的次同步振荡阻尼特性研究
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摘要
近年来大容量汽轮发电机组不断投运,远距离送电时大都需要借助串联补偿技术来解决功率送出的问题,故而与此相关的轴系扭振问题将更加突出；另外随着可控串补(TCSC)应用的日益增多,所面临的实际运行状况也更加多样,考验也日趋增多。而现有关于TCSC对次同步振荡(SSO)阻尼作用的研究虽多,却在一些方面仍然存有争议,为了充分掌握TCSC的特性,为其有效的运行提供理论指导,非常有必要对TCSC抑制SSO的能力方面做更进一步的研究。本文即以其次同步振荡阻尼特性为研究对象,针对已有研究存在的问题,重点对TCSC的次同步频率阻抗特性、应用于SSO分析的TCSC模型、含TCSC系统的扭振稳定性分析方法、影响TCSC阻尼SSO作用的因素以及TCSC的SSO附加阻尼控制进行了深入的研究,主要内容包括：
1.针对TCSC次同步频率阻抗特性已有研究中存在的不足,建立了一种基于合适的电源激励、考虑不同触发同步方式、计及次同步频率分量对晶闸管导通开断影响的TCSC次同步频率阻抗特性的独立解析分析方法。依据该方法详细分析了TCSC次同步频率阻抗特性异于固定串补(FSC)的原因,并全面考察了触发同步方式、晶闸管触发角、次同步频率、主电路参数对此阻抗特性的影响作用。
2.将TCSC次同步频率阻抗计算应用于频率扫描法,继而根据系统等效阻抗、系统电气阻尼系数、扭振模式的衰减因子、发电机轴系模式参数之间的关系,建立了通过频率扫描对含TCSC系统的轴系扭振稳定性进行初步评估的方法,从而解决了传统的频率扫描法无法应用于含晶闸管元件的TCSC系统的问题,同时还以图形的形式直观形象地说明了如何根据系统次同步频率等效阻抗来分析扭振的(不)稳定程度。
3.依据动态相量建模方法,在一定的假设条件下,分别建立了基于线路电流过零点触发、等间隔触发的开环以及闭环恒阻抗控制的TCSC动态相量模型,从而拓展了此建模方法在TCSC触发同步方式和控制策略方面的应用。为方便模型接入网络进行系统分析,还利用PSASP的自定义建模功能以注入电流的形式实现了这些模型。在此基础上,采用特征值分析法将其与EMTP时域仿真进行了比对,结果验证了动态相量模型的正确性。
4.以IEEE First Benchmark Model系统为例,分别采用频率扫描法和特征值分析法,比较了只采用FSC、TCSC以及二者配合使用时各扭振模式的稳定性,同时考察了TCSC触发控制方式、晶闸管触发角、控制参数、主电路参数以及与FSC配合使用时其所占补偿比例等因素对阻尼作用的影响。结果表明TCSC具有一定的阻尼SSO的能力,但并非在任何情况下扭振模式的阻尼情况均优于FSC；不同的触发控制方式、控制参数、TCSC主电路参数以及FSC和TCSC配合使用的比例对不同串补度区域的阻尼产生不同的效果,故触发控制方式及各参数的选取需做多方面的权衡。
5.提出了一种兼顾阻尼效果和控制可靠性的TCSC的SSO附加阻尼控制策略。该策略以基于远端转速偏差信号的阻尼控制为主用,基于本地电气量信号的控制为备用,当远端信号传输中断或延时波动过大时,迅速由主用控制切换至备用控制,从而避免了单一远端信号控制可靠性不足、单一本地信号控制效果不理想的问题。时域仿真的结果验证了此主备控制策略的有效性。
With more and more large stream turbine generator units being put into operation, series compensation techniques are required in most long-distance power transmission cases, in order to solve problems on transfer capacity. However, this trend also highlights related risk of shaft torsional vibration. Moreover, operation scenarios are more diversified with the increase of applications of Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC), and it further brings about more challenges. On the other hand, although many researches are contributed to the effect of TCSC on Subsynchronous Oscillation (SSO), controversies still exist on many related topics. Therefore, it is highly necessary to do some further research on the capability of TCSC for SSO damping which is selected as the study object of this paper, in order to fully understand characteristics of TCSC and provide theoretical guidance for its effective operation.
From this viewpoint, aiming at problems in existing researches, this paper focuses on subsynchronous frequency impedance characteristics of TCSC, TCSC modeling for SSO analysis, methods for torsional vibration analysis of systems with TCSC, factors influencing TCSC's capability for damping SSO, and supplementary damping control of TCSC for SSO. The main contents include the follows.
1. In the light of problems in existing researches on subsynchronous frequency impedance characteristics of TCSC, an independent analytic method is proposed for this characteristic analysis, based on an appropriate source excitation, considering different synchronization methodologies for firing control and the influence of subsynchronous frequency component on turn-on and turn-off of thyristors. Based on this method, reasons of subsynchronous frequency impedance characteristics of TCSC different from Fixed Series Compensation (FSC) is analyzed in detail, and also the influence of synchronization methodology for firing control, firing angle, subsynchronous frequency, and main circuit parameters.
2. Applying the above analytic means of TCSC's subsynchronous frequency impedance in frequency scan method, based on mutual relations among system subsynchronous frequency equivalent impedance, system electrical damping coefficient, decrement factor of torsional modes and shaft modal parameters, a methodology for preliminary evaluation on shaft torsional vibration stability of systems with TCSC via frequency scan is further proposed. Therefore, the problem that traditional frequency scan method cannot be utilized in systems with TCSC is solved. Figures are used to elaborate how to analyze the extent of torsional vibration (un)stability according to subsynchronous frequency equivalent impedance of the system.
3. By means of dynamic phasor modeling method and with some hypotheses, four types of dynamic phasor models of TCSC are established respectively based on two control methodologies and two synchronization methodologies for firing control including open-loop and close-loop constant impedance control and line current zero-crossing based and equidistant interval based synchronization methodology, which expands utilization of dynamic phasor modeling method. These models are developed in the form of injected current in PSASP by its user defined(UD) modeling function, for the convenience of model's interconnection with the system. Moreover, the results of eigenvalue analysis based on these models are compared with those of EMTP time-domain simulation, and the correctness of these models is verified.
4. Frequency scan and eigenvalue analysis are applied respectively in IEEE First Benchmark Model system, to compare stability of torsional modes among with FSC only, TCSC only and both FSC and TCSC applied. The effects on SSO damping of firing control methodology, firing angle, control parameters, main circuit parameters of TCSC, and compensation ratio of TCSC to FSC when they are used together are also observed. The results show that TCSC has a certain capability to damp SSO, but the damping of torsional modes with TCSC is not entirely better than with FSC in all circumstances. Different firing control methodologies, control parameters, main circuit parameters of TCSC, and compensation ratios of TCSC to FSC make different impact on damping in different compensation level areas, and therefore selection of these methodologies and parameters needs to be well balanced.
5. A supplementary damping control strategy of TCSC for SSO considering both damping effect and control reliability is proposed, in which the damping control based on remote shaft speed deviation as the main and the one based on local electrical quantity as the standby. When there is a pause or excessive delay fluctuation in remote signal transmission, main control will be switched to standby control promptly, and therefore the problem of lacking reliability or having weak control effect when relying only on the remote signal or local signal is solved. Effectiveness of this main/standby control scheme is verified by time-domain simulation.
1.针对TCSC次同步频率阻抗特性已有研究中存在的不足,建立了一种基于合适的电源激励、考虑不同触发同步方式、计及次同步频率分量对晶闸管导通开断影响的TCSC次同步频率阻抗特性的独立解析分析方法。依据该方法详细分析了TCSC次同步频率阻抗特性异于固定串补(FSC)的原因,并全面考察了触发同步方式、晶闸管触发角、次同步频率、主电路参数对此阻抗特性的影响作用。
2.将TCSC次同步频率阻抗计算应用于频率扫描法,继而根据系统等效阻抗、系统电气阻尼系数、扭振模式的衰减因子、发电机轴系模式参数之间的关系,建立了通过频率扫描对含TCSC系统的轴系扭振稳定性进行初步评估的方法,从而解决了传统的频率扫描法无法应用于含晶闸管元件的TCSC系统的问题,同时还以图形的形式直观形象地说明了如何根据系统次同步频率等效阻抗来分析扭振的(不)稳定程度。
3.依据动态相量建模方法,在一定的假设条件下,分别建立了基于线路电流过零点触发、等间隔触发的开环以及闭环恒阻抗控制的TCSC动态相量模型,从而拓展了此建模方法在TCSC触发同步方式和控制策略方面的应用。为方便模型接入网络进行系统分析,还利用PSASP的自定义建模功能以注入电流的形式实现了这些模型。在此基础上,采用特征值分析法将其与EMTP时域仿真进行了比对,结果验证了动态相量模型的正确性。
4.以IEEE First Benchmark Model系统为例,分别采用频率扫描法和特征值分析法,比较了只采用FSC、TCSC以及二者配合使用时各扭振模式的稳定性,同时考察了TCSC触发控制方式、晶闸管触发角、控制参数、主电路参数以及与FSC配合使用时其所占补偿比例等因素对阻尼作用的影响。结果表明TCSC具有一定的阻尼SSO的能力,但并非在任何情况下扭振模式的阻尼情况均优于FSC；不同的触发控制方式、控制参数、TCSC主电路参数以及FSC和TCSC配合使用的比例对不同串补度区域的阻尼产生不同的效果,故触发控制方式及各参数的选取需做多方面的权衡。
5.提出了一种兼顾阻尼效果和控制可靠性的TCSC的SSO附加阻尼控制策略。该策略以基于远端转速偏差信号的阻尼控制为主用,基于本地电气量信号的控制为备用,当远端信号传输中断或延时波动过大时,迅速由主用控制切换至备用控制,从而避免了单一远端信号控制可靠性不足、单一本地信号控制效果不理想的问题。时域仿真的结果验证了此主备控制策略的有效性。
With more and more large stream turbine generator units being put into operation, series compensation techniques are required in most long-distance power transmission cases, in order to solve problems on transfer capacity. However, this trend also highlights related risk of shaft torsional vibration. Moreover, operation scenarios are more diversified with the increase of applications of Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC), and it further brings about more challenges. On the other hand, although many researches are contributed to the effect of TCSC on Subsynchronous Oscillation (SSO), controversies still exist on many related topics. Therefore, it is highly necessary to do some further research on the capability of TCSC for SSO damping which is selected as the study object of this paper, in order to fully understand characteristics of TCSC and provide theoretical guidance for its effective operation.
From this viewpoint, aiming at problems in existing researches, this paper focuses on subsynchronous frequency impedance characteristics of TCSC, TCSC modeling for SSO analysis, methods for torsional vibration analysis of systems with TCSC, factors influencing TCSC's capability for damping SSO, and supplementary damping control of TCSC for SSO. The main contents include the follows.
1. In the light of problems in existing researches on subsynchronous frequency impedance characteristics of TCSC, an independent analytic method is proposed for this characteristic analysis, based on an appropriate source excitation, considering different synchronization methodologies for firing control and the influence of subsynchronous frequency component on turn-on and turn-off of thyristors. Based on this method, reasons of subsynchronous frequency impedance characteristics of TCSC different from Fixed Series Compensation (FSC) is analyzed in detail, and also the influence of synchronization methodology for firing control, firing angle, subsynchronous frequency, and main circuit parameters.
2. Applying the above analytic means of TCSC's subsynchronous frequency impedance in frequency scan method, based on mutual relations among system subsynchronous frequency equivalent impedance, system electrical damping coefficient, decrement factor of torsional modes and shaft modal parameters, a methodology for preliminary evaluation on shaft torsional vibration stability of systems with TCSC via frequency scan is further proposed. Therefore, the problem that traditional frequency scan method cannot be utilized in systems with TCSC is solved. Figures are used to elaborate how to analyze the extent of torsional vibration (un)stability according to subsynchronous frequency equivalent impedance of the system.
3. By means of dynamic phasor modeling method and with some hypotheses, four types of dynamic phasor models of TCSC are established respectively based on two control methodologies and two synchronization methodologies for firing control including open-loop and close-loop constant impedance control and line current zero-crossing based and equidistant interval based synchronization methodology, which expands utilization of dynamic phasor modeling method. These models are developed in the form of injected current in PSASP by its user defined(UD) modeling function, for the convenience of model's interconnection with the system. Moreover, the results of eigenvalue analysis based on these models are compared with those of EMTP time-domain simulation, and the correctness of these models is verified.
4. Frequency scan and eigenvalue analysis are applied respectively in IEEE First Benchmark Model system, to compare stability of torsional modes among with FSC only, TCSC only and both FSC and TCSC applied. The effects on SSO damping of firing control methodology, firing angle, control parameters, main circuit parameters of TCSC, and compensation ratio of TCSC to FSC when they are used together are also observed. The results show that TCSC has a certain capability to damp SSO, but the damping of torsional modes with TCSC is not entirely better than with FSC in all circumstances. Different firing control methodologies, control parameters, main circuit parameters of TCSC, and compensation ratios of TCSC to FSC make different impact on damping in different compensation level areas, and therefore selection of these methodologies and parameters needs to be well balanced.
5. A supplementary damping control strategy of TCSC for SSO considering both damping effect and control reliability is proposed, in which the damping control based on remote shaft speed deviation as the main and the one based on local electrical quantity as the standby. When there is a pause or excessive delay fluctuation in remote signal transmission, main control will be switched to standby control promptly, and therefore the problem of lacking reliability or having weak control effect when relying only on the remote signal or local signal is solved. Effectiveness of this main/standby control scheme is verified by time-domain simulation.
引文
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