铝合金带筋板的力学性能优化设计
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摘要
铝合金带筋板是采用挤压工艺制成的含有型材的板,是含有一个方向相互平行的几根型材的平面结构。与由板和型材焊接成的同类平面结构相比,带筋板有着巨大的优越性。铝合金的挤压型材和整体壁板在高速船上的大量使用使得内河与海上运输的高速化、轻质化得到了极大的发展。
随着高强度材料的广泛运用,船舶建造越来越趋向于使用由高强度材料组成的薄壁轻型构件,并且以拉应力为主要特征的结构强度不再成为主要问题,而以压应力为主要特征的结构稳定性在结构设计中反而更加突出了。结构因屈曲而丧失承载能力的现象日益突出,屈曲成为必须考虑的问题,屈曲以后结构的承载能力大大下降,变形急剧增大,往往造成灾难性的后果。从经济角度出发,在保证安全性前提下,如何最大限度降低结构材料消耗,已成为结构设计中一个亟待解决的重要课题。
本文主要从满足铝合金高速船结构设计的要求出发,按强度及稳定性综合力学性能考虑设计铝合金带筋板,使得在不同的横向载荷范围都有适用的带筋板,在兼顾安全性与经济性的基础上进行铝合金带筋板尺寸的设计。主要研究工作如下：
(1)以船体强度型材剖面设计的知识为基础,对铝合金带筋板的剖面尺寸进行初步设计,得到最佳的腹板高度、腹板和面板剖面积,得到初步的尺寸。
(2)对承受轴向压力的铝合金带筋板进行有限元特征值屈曲分析,调整带筋板尺寸,以调整腹板高度为主,使得局部屈曲在整体屈曲之前发生,并且使整体屈曲的临界应力值比局部屈曲的临界应力值大20%；并对承受不同横向载荷的带筋板进行应力分析,保证其应力计算结果都具有相同的应力水平。根据这两方面最终设计出5种尺寸的铝合金带筋板。
(3)对设计出的5种带筋板进行极限强度分析,将极限应力与整体屈曲的临界应力进行比较,进一步验证这5种尺寸的合理性。
Aluminum sheet-with-ribs is a stiffened plate contains several paralleled aluminum profile in a same direction which is made by extrusion process. Comparing with welded stiffened plate, sheet-with-ribs has great superiority. The use of aluminum extrusion profile and integral panel in high speed ships makes great progress in the fasting and lightening of transpotation both inland and offshore.
With the extensive application of high strength material, it tends to be used in ship-building industry in the form of thin-walled and light structural members. The tensile stress of structures is no longer the prominent problem compared with the structure's buckling under compression. The phenomenon that structures lose carrying capability caused by buckling is increasingly outstanding and designers must take it into consideration. After buckling, the carrying capacity of structures decreases and the deformation increases seriously, whichever may cause serious consequence. How to decrease structural materials to the maximum extent, both in economy and security, has been an important subject in structure design.
The mechanical property of the sheets with ribs has been studied in this thesis. For the design of the sheets-with-ribs,the economical and security criterion has been taken into consideration which may also satisfied the structure design rules of the high speed ships and a suitable sheet-with-ribs in the range of different transverse loads will be provided. The main work in this thesis is as follows:
(1) Based on the knowledge of profile design, the optimum web height and sectional area of stiffener web and flange has been acquired through the preliminary design.
(2) Finite element method has performed for the eigenvalue buckling analyses of sheets with ribs subjected to uniaxially compression. Adjust the web height to ensure that the elastic local plate buckling happens before overall panel buckling and the stress of overall panel buckling is twenty percent larger than that of local buckling. And then stress analysis is done when the sheets-with-ribs are under different transverse loads, and make sure that all the results are in the same stress level. Five kinds of aluminum sheets-with-ribs are designed according to these two aspects.
(3)The rational of the five sheets-with-ribs has been validated through the comparison of the ultimate strength and the stress of overall panel buckling.
随着高强度材料的广泛运用,船舶建造越来越趋向于使用由高强度材料组成的薄壁轻型构件,并且以拉应力为主要特征的结构强度不再成为主要问题,而以压应力为主要特征的结构稳定性在结构设计中反而更加突出了。结构因屈曲而丧失承载能力的现象日益突出,屈曲成为必须考虑的问题,屈曲以后结构的承载能力大大下降,变形急剧增大,往往造成灾难性的后果。从经济角度出发,在保证安全性前提下,如何最大限度降低结构材料消耗,已成为结构设计中一个亟待解决的重要课题。
本文主要从满足铝合金高速船结构设计的要求出发,按强度及稳定性综合力学性能考虑设计铝合金带筋板,使得在不同的横向载荷范围都有适用的带筋板,在兼顾安全性与经济性的基础上进行铝合金带筋板尺寸的设计。主要研究工作如下：
(1)以船体强度型材剖面设计的知识为基础,对铝合金带筋板的剖面尺寸进行初步设计,得到最佳的腹板高度、腹板和面板剖面积,得到初步的尺寸。
(2)对承受轴向压力的铝合金带筋板进行有限元特征值屈曲分析,调整带筋板尺寸,以调整腹板高度为主,使得局部屈曲在整体屈曲之前发生,并且使整体屈曲的临界应力值比局部屈曲的临界应力值大20%；并对承受不同横向载荷的带筋板进行应力分析,保证其应力计算结果都具有相同的应力水平。根据这两方面最终设计出5种尺寸的铝合金带筋板。
(3)对设计出的5种带筋板进行极限强度分析,将极限应力与整体屈曲的临界应力进行比较,进一步验证这5种尺寸的合理性。
Aluminum sheet-with-ribs is a stiffened plate contains several paralleled aluminum profile in a same direction which is made by extrusion process. Comparing with welded stiffened plate, sheet-with-ribs has great superiority. The use of aluminum extrusion profile and integral panel in high speed ships makes great progress in the fasting and lightening of transpotation both inland and offshore.
With the extensive application of high strength material, it tends to be used in ship-building industry in the form of thin-walled and light structural members. The tensile stress of structures is no longer the prominent problem compared with the structure's buckling under compression. The phenomenon that structures lose carrying capability caused by buckling is increasingly outstanding and designers must take it into consideration. After buckling, the carrying capacity of structures decreases and the deformation increases seriously, whichever may cause serious consequence. How to decrease structural materials to the maximum extent, both in economy and security, has been an important subject in structure design.
The mechanical property of the sheets with ribs has been studied in this thesis. For the design of the sheets-with-ribs,the economical and security criterion has been taken into consideration which may also satisfied the structure design rules of the high speed ships and a suitable sheet-with-ribs in the range of different transverse loads will be provided. The main work in this thesis is as follows:
(1) Based on the knowledge of profile design, the optimum web height and sectional area of stiffener web and flange has been acquired through the preliminary design.
(2) Finite element method has performed for the eigenvalue buckling analyses of sheets with ribs subjected to uniaxially compression. Adjust the web height to ensure that the elastic local plate buckling happens before overall panel buckling and the stress of overall panel buckling is twenty percent larger than that of local buckling. And then stress analysis is done when the sheets-with-ribs are under different transverse loads, and make sure that all the results are in the same stress level. Five kinds of aluminum sheets-with-ribs are designed according to these two aspects.
(3)The rational of the five sheets-with-ribs has been validated through the comparison of the ultimate strength and the stress of overall panel buckling.
引文
[1]李标峰.船用铝合金焊接及其船体建造工艺.北京：国防工业出版社,2005.
[2]王承权,戴海波,杜述勇.铝合金船体结构应用带筋板的几个问题.船海工程,2003,155(4)：8-11.
[3]束长庚,周国华.船舶结构的屈曲强度.北京：国防工业出版社,2003.
[4]Paik JK, Thayamballi AK. Ultimate limit state design of steel plated structures. John Wiley & Sons,2003.
[5]Bleich F. Buckling strength of metal structures. New York:McGraw-Hill,1952.
[6]Timoshenko, S. Theory of elastic stability, McGraw Hill, New York,1936.
[7]Cox HL, Riddell JR. Buckling of a longitudinally stiffened flat panel. Aeronaut Q 1949;1: 225-44.
[8]Klitchieff, J.M. On the stability of plates reinforced by longitudinal ribs, J. Applied Mechanics,1951,8(4):364-366.
[9]Faulkner, D. A review of effective plating for use in the analysis of stiffened plating in bending and compression, J. of Ship Research,1975,19(1):1-17.
[10]Tvergaard, V. Influence of post-buckling behavior on optimum design of stiffened panels, Int. J. Solids Structures,1973,9:1519.
[11]Tvergaard, V., Needleman, A. Buckling of eccentrically stiffened elasticplastic panels on two simple supports or multiply supported, Int. J. Solids Structures,1975,11:647-663.
[12]Chen, W.F. and Atsuta, T. Theory of beam-columns,1976,1, McGraw-Hill, New York.
[13]Paik JK, etc. Local Buckling of Stiffener in Ship Plating. Journal of Ship Reseaeh,1998, 42(1):56-67.
[14]Paik, J.K. ULSAP user's manual, Proteus Engineering, MD,2001.
[15]Chen, W.F., Lui, E.M. Structural stability, theory and implementation, Elsevier, New York, 1987.
[16]O.F. Hughes, B. Ghosh, Y. Chen. Improved prediction of simultaneous local and overall buckling of stiffened panels. Thin-Walled Structures,2004,42:827-856.
[17]王杰德,杨永谦等.船体强度与结构设计.国防工业出版社,1995.
[18]材料与焊接规范,2009.
[19]美国金属学会.金属手册.机械工业出版社,1994
[20]海上高速船入级与建造规范,2005.
[21]Bryan GH. On the stability of a plane plate under thrusts in its own plane with applications on the buckling of the sides of a ship. Proc London Math Soc 1891,22:54
[22]王新敏.ANSYS工程结构数值分析.北京：人民交通出版社,2007.
[23]Chen, Y. Ultimate strength analysis of stiffened panels using a beam-column method. PhD dissertation, Department of Aerospace and Ocean Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA,2003.
[24]Sheikh IA, Grondin GY, Elwi AE. Stiffened steel plates under uniaxial compression. J. of Constructional Steel Research,2002,58:1061-1080.
[25]F.柏拉希.金属结构的屈曲强度,科学出版社,1965.
[26]陈铁云,陈伯真.船舶结构力学.国防工业出版社,1984.
[27]刘坤,吴磊ANSYS有限元方法精解,北京：国防工业出版社,2005:305-349.
[28]赵海峰,蒋迪ANSYS8.0工程结构实例分析.中国铁道出版社,2004.
[29]张允真,曹福新.弹性力学及其有限元法.中国铁道出版社,1983.
[30]任伟新,曾庆元.薄壁结构局部-整体相关屈曲研究现状.力学进展,1993,29(3)：407-414.
[31]赵勇,李敬勇.铝合金在舰船建造中的应用与发展.中外船舶科技,2005(1)：9-11.
[32]杨端生,廖瑛,黄炎.正交异性矩形薄板的稳定性分析.工程力学,2002,19(3)：55-58
[33]丁晓红,李国杰.薄板结构的加强筋自适应成长设计法.中国机械工程,2005,12.
[34]Masahiko Fujikubo, Tetsuya Yao. Elastic local buckling strength of stiffened plate considering plate/stiffener interaction and welding residual stress, Marine Structures.1999, 12:543-564.
[35]Shengming Zhang, Imtaz Khan. Buckling and ultimate capability of plates and stiffened panels in axial compression. Marine Structure,2009,22:791-808.
[36]Hughes, O.F. Ship structural design, a rationally-based, computer-aided optimization approach, SNAME, New Jersey,1988.
[37]F. Ayari, A. Zghal, E. Bayraktar. Comprehensive study of aluminium alloy plates under compression conditions. Journal of materials processing technology,2009,209:1672-1680.
[38]Paik JK, etc. On buckling collapse of a fusion-welded aluminum-stiffened plate structure: Experimental and numerical studies. Proceedings of the ASME 200928th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering.
[39]A. Gehring, H. Saal. Mechanical properties of aluminium in structural sheeting. Thin-Walled Structures,2006,44:1231-1239.
[40]MR Khedmati, MR Zareei, P Rigo. Sensitivity analysis on the elastic buckling and ultimate strength of continuous stiffened aluminium plates under combined in-plane compression and lateral pressure. Thin-Walled Structures,2009,47(11):1232-1245.
[41]M. Langseth, O.S.Hopperstad. Local buckling of square thin-walled aluminium extrusions. Thin-Walled Structures,1997,27:117-126
[42]E.Byklum, E.Steen, J.Amdahl. A semi-analytical model for global buckling and postbuckling analysis of stiffened panels. Thin-Walled Structures,2004,42:701-717.
[43]E.Byklum, J.Amdahl. A simplified method for elastic large deflection analysis of plates and stiffened panels due to local buckling. Thin-Walled Structures,2002,40:925-953.
[44]Biswarup Ghosh. Consequences of Simultaneous Local and Overall Buckling in Stiffened Panels. Thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.
[2]王承权,戴海波,杜述勇.铝合金船体结构应用带筋板的几个问题.船海工程,2003,155(4)：8-11.
[3]束长庚,周国华.船舶结构的屈曲强度.北京：国防工业出版社,2003.
[4]Paik JK, Thayamballi AK. Ultimate limit state design of steel plated structures. John Wiley & Sons,2003.
[5]Bleich F. Buckling strength of metal structures. New York:McGraw-Hill,1952.
[6]Timoshenko, S. Theory of elastic stability, McGraw Hill, New York,1936.
[7]Cox HL, Riddell JR. Buckling of a longitudinally stiffened flat panel. Aeronaut Q 1949;1: 225-44.
[8]Klitchieff, J.M. On the stability of plates reinforced by longitudinal ribs, J. Applied Mechanics,1951,8(4):364-366.
[9]Faulkner, D. A review of effective plating for use in the analysis of stiffened plating in bending and compression, J. of Ship Research,1975,19(1):1-17.
[10]Tvergaard, V. Influence of post-buckling behavior on optimum design of stiffened panels, Int. J. Solids Structures,1973,9:1519.
[11]Tvergaard, V., Needleman, A. Buckling of eccentrically stiffened elasticplastic panels on two simple supports or multiply supported, Int. J. Solids Structures,1975,11:647-663.
[12]Chen, W.F. and Atsuta, T. Theory of beam-columns,1976,1, McGraw-Hill, New York.
[13]Paik JK, etc. Local Buckling of Stiffener in Ship Plating. Journal of Ship Reseaeh,1998, 42(1):56-67.
[14]Paik, J.K. ULSAP user's manual, Proteus Engineering, MD,2001.
[15]Chen, W.F., Lui, E.M. Structural stability, theory and implementation, Elsevier, New York, 1987.
[16]O.F. Hughes, B. Ghosh, Y. Chen. Improved prediction of simultaneous local and overall buckling of stiffened panels. Thin-Walled Structures,2004,42:827-856.
[17]王杰德,杨永谦等.船体强度与结构设计.国防工业出版社,1995.
[18]材料与焊接规范,2009.
[19]美国金属学会.金属手册.机械工业出版社,1994
[20]海上高速船入级与建造规范,2005.
[21]Bryan GH. On the stability of a plane plate under thrusts in its own plane with applications on the buckling of the sides of a ship. Proc London Math Soc 1891,22:54
[22]王新敏.ANSYS工程结构数值分析.北京：人民交通出版社,2007.
[23]Chen, Y. Ultimate strength analysis of stiffened panels using a beam-column method. PhD dissertation, Department of Aerospace and Ocean Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA,2003.
[24]Sheikh IA, Grondin GY, Elwi AE. Stiffened steel plates under uniaxial compression. J. of Constructional Steel Research,2002,58:1061-1080.
[25]F.柏拉希.金属结构的屈曲强度,科学出版社,1965.
[26]陈铁云,陈伯真.船舶结构力学.国防工业出版社,1984.
[27]刘坤,吴磊ANSYS有限元方法精解,北京：国防工业出版社,2005:305-349.
[28]赵海峰,蒋迪ANSYS8.0工程结构实例分析.中国铁道出版社,2004.
[29]张允真,曹福新.弹性力学及其有限元法.中国铁道出版社,1983.
[30]任伟新,曾庆元.薄壁结构局部-整体相关屈曲研究现状.力学进展,1993,29(3)：407-414.
[31]赵勇,李敬勇.铝合金在舰船建造中的应用与发展.中外船舶科技,2005(1)：9-11.
[32]杨端生,廖瑛,黄炎.正交异性矩形薄板的稳定性分析.工程力学,2002,19(3)：55-58
[33]丁晓红,李国杰.薄板结构的加强筋自适应成长设计法.中国机械工程,2005,12.
[34]Masahiko Fujikubo, Tetsuya Yao. Elastic local buckling strength of stiffened plate considering plate/stiffener interaction and welding residual stress, Marine Structures.1999, 12:543-564.
[35]Shengming Zhang, Imtaz Khan. Buckling and ultimate capability of plates and stiffened panels in axial compression. Marine Structure,2009,22:791-808.
[36]Hughes, O.F. Ship structural design, a rationally-based, computer-aided optimization approach, SNAME, New Jersey,1988.
[37]F. Ayari, A. Zghal, E. Bayraktar. Comprehensive study of aluminium alloy plates under compression conditions. Journal of materials processing technology,2009,209:1672-1680.
[38]Paik JK, etc. On buckling collapse of a fusion-welded aluminum-stiffened plate structure: Experimental and numerical studies. Proceedings of the ASME 200928th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering.
[39]A. Gehring, H. Saal. Mechanical properties of aluminium in structural sheeting. Thin-Walled Structures,2006,44:1231-1239.
[40]MR Khedmati, MR Zareei, P Rigo. Sensitivity analysis on the elastic buckling and ultimate strength of continuous stiffened aluminium plates under combined in-plane compression and lateral pressure. Thin-Walled Structures,2009,47(11):1232-1245.
[41]M. Langseth, O.S.Hopperstad. Local buckling of square thin-walled aluminium extrusions. Thin-Walled Structures,1997,27:117-126
[42]E.Byklum, E.Steen, J.Amdahl. A semi-analytical model for global buckling and postbuckling analysis of stiffened panels. Thin-Walled Structures,2004,42:701-717.
[43]E.Byklum, J.Amdahl. A simplified method for elastic large deflection analysis of plates and stiffened panels due to local buckling. Thin-Walled Structures,2002,40:925-953.
[44]Biswarup Ghosh. Consequences of Simultaneous Local and Overall Buckling in Stiffened Panels. Thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.