SnO_2涂覆Al_（18）B_4O_（33）晶须增强铝基复合材料的阻尼及力学性能
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摘要
本文系统研究了晶须表面涂覆SnO_2对硼酸铝晶须增强铝基复合材料阻尼及室温力学性能的影响。采用挤压铸造法制备了SnO_2和ABOw质量比分别为0:1,1:20,1:10,1:6的复合材料,晶须体积分数均为20%。
观察分析了表面涂覆SnO_2的硼酸铝晶须及其增强的纯铝基复合材料的微观组织结构,研究了涂覆量在不同频率及应变振幅下对复合材料阻尼性能的影响。
SEM、TEM观察及XRD物相检测结果表明,SnO_2均匀地涂覆在晶须表面,并在后续的复合材料挤压铸造制备过程中利用基体和SnO_2的界面反应成功地在界面处引入了低熔点Sn。低熔点Sn的引入改善了界面状态及基体中的位错组态,引起了纯铝基复合材料阻尼及室温力学性能的变化。
首次发现晶须涂覆复合材料中存在两个明显的阻尼峰P1和P2,涂覆量及应变振幅强烈地影响着复合材料的阻尼性能,尤其在P2峰处更为显著。
研究表明,P1、P2峰的峰位均随着频率的升高向高温移动,符合Arrehenius关系,说明两峰均受热激活作用。随应变增大,P1向低温移动,P1的阻尼机制归因于位错及晶须与Sn的界面微滑移,因为P1不仅依赖应变而且依赖涂覆量。P2的阻尼机制在不同的应变下发生变化,占主导地位的阻尼机制从Sn的熔化阻尼过渡到晶须与基体的界面阻尼,当温度超过330℃时,其阻尼机制主要为晶界阻尼。
室温下复合材料的阻尼-应变谱表明,室温下各种涂覆量复合材料的阻尼值基本保持一致。随着应变振幅的增加,复合材料阻尼由两部分组成,即与应变振幅无关及与应变振幅相关的阻尼,而与应变振幅相关的阻尼又可分为阻尼随应变振幅缓慢增加并出现微弱阻尼峰和快速增加两阶段。它们分别对应于位错阻尼及界面微滑移阻尼机制。
从晶须涂覆复合材料的室温拉伸实验可知,随着晶须表面涂覆量的增加,基体与增强体之间的润湿性提高,界面结合强度由于界面反应数量的增加而得到进一步加强,从而引起室温阻尼在大应变下因界面不易滑移而下降,力学性能因界面结合状态改善而得到提高。
The effect of SnO_2 coating deposited on the whisker’s surface on the damping capacity and room temperature mechanical property of alumina borate whisker reinforced aluminium composites were studied in this dissertation. The composites were fabricated by squeeze casting and the volume fraction of ABOw in the composites was 20%. The mass ratios between SnO_2 and ABOw were 0:1, 1:20, 1:10, 1:6 respectively.
The microstructure of whiskers coated with SnO_2 and coated composites were investigated. The paper also analysed the effect of coating contents on the damping capacity at different frequencies and strain amplitudes.
The results indicated that SnO_2 was successfully deposited on the whisker surface and the low melting-point Sn was introduced into the interface of whisker/Al matrix by the reaction between SnO_2 and aluminum matrix during squeeze casting process. The introduction of Sn changed the interfacial microstructure and the dislocation state in the matrix, which deeply influenced on the damping capacity and mechanical behavior of the pure aluminum matrix composites.
Two damping peaks-P1, P2 have been observed in the coated composites for the first time. The damping capacity was strongly dependent on the coating contents and strain amplitude that extruded more clearly in P2.
The temperature-damping testes showed that the positions of the two peaks moved to high temperature with the increasing of frequency, which was consistent with the Arrehenius equation. So the two peaks were all thermal activated. The damping mechanism of peak 1 is attributed to the dislocation motion and interface micro-slip between Sn and whisker because the damping capacities of peak 1 in the coated composites depend not only strain but also coating contents. For P2, the dominant damping mechanism was transfer from Sn melting damping into interface damping. When the temperature exceed 330℃, the grain boundary damping becomes the main damping mechanism for the coated composites.
The strain-damping tests at room temperature revealed that the damping capacity of the coated composites were low and similar. With the increasing of strain amplitude, the damping capacity was composed of two parts: the amplitude independent and dependent damping, and the later could be divided into two steps of slowly increased and rapidly increased damping. The damping of amplitude independent and the slowly increased step was related to the G-L dislocation theory, and for the rapidly increased damping was associated with the damping of interface micro-slip.
The room temperature tensile tests of coated composites implied that the tensile strength of the coated composites increased with the coating contents, which suggested that the coatings on the whisker surfaces improved the wettability between matrix and whisker and the interface bonding states of the composites. In this case, the room damping capacities of the coated composites decreased with the increasing of coating contents at high strain amplitude.
观察分析了表面涂覆SnO_2的硼酸铝晶须及其增强的纯铝基复合材料的微观组织结构,研究了涂覆量在不同频率及应变振幅下对复合材料阻尼性能的影响。
SEM、TEM观察及XRD物相检测结果表明,SnO_2均匀地涂覆在晶须表面,并在后续的复合材料挤压铸造制备过程中利用基体和SnO_2的界面反应成功地在界面处引入了低熔点Sn。低熔点Sn的引入改善了界面状态及基体中的位错组态,引起了纯铝基复合材料阻尼及室温力学性能的变化。
首次发现晶须涂覆复合材料中存在两个明显的阻尼峰P1和P2,涂覆量及应变振幅强烈地影响着复合材料的阻尼性能,尤其在P2峰处更为显著。
研究表明,P1、P2峰的峰位均随着频率的升高向高温移动,符合Arrehenius关系,说明两峰均受热激活作用。随应变增大,P1向低温移动,P1的阻尼机制归因于位错及晶须与Sn的界面微滑移,因为P1不仅依赖应变而且依赖涂覆量。P2的阻尼机制在不同的应变下发生变化,占主导地位的阻尼机制从Sn的熔化阻尼过渡到晶须与基体的界面阻尼,当温度超过330℃时,其阻尼机制主要为晶界阻尼。
室温下复合材料的阻尼-应变谱表明,室温下各种涂覆量复合材料的阻尼值基本保持一致。随着应变振幅的增加,复合材料阻尼由两部分组成,即与应变振幅无关及与应变振幅相关的阻尼,而与应变振幅相关的阻尼又可分为阻尼随应变振幅缓慢增加并出现微弱阻尼峰和快速增加两阶段。它们分别对应于位错阻尼及界面微滑移阻尼机制。
从晶须涂覆复合材料的室温拉伸实验可知,随着晶须表面涂覆量的增加,基体与增强体之间的润湿性提高,界面结合强度由于界面反应数量的增加而得到进一步加强,从而引起室温阻尼在大应变下因界面不易滑移而下降,力学性能因界面结合状态改善而得到提高。
The effect of SnO_2 coating deposited on the whisker’s surface on the damping capacity and room temperature mechanical property of alumina borate whisker reinforced aluminium composites were studied in this dissertation. The composites were fabricated by squeeze casting and the volume fraction of ABOw in the composites was 20%. The mass ratios between SnO_2 and ABOw were 0:1, 1:20, 1:10, 1:6 respectively.
The microstructure of whiskers coated with SnO_2 and coated composites were investigated. The paper also analysed the effect of coating contents on the damping capacity at different frequencies and strain amplitudes.
The results indicated that SnO_2 was successfully deposited on the whisker surface and the low melting-point Sn was introduced into the interface of whisker/Al matrix by the reaction between SnO_2 and aluminum matrix during squeeze casting process. The introduction of Sn changed the interfacial microstructure and the dislocation state in the matrix, which deeply influenced on the damping capacity and mechanical behavior of the pure aluminum matrix composites.
Two damping peaks-P1, P2 have been observed in the coated composites for the first time. The damping capacity was strongly dependent on the coating contents and strain amplitude that extruded more clearly in P2.
The temperature-damping testes showed that the positions of the two peaks moved to high temperature with the increasing of frequency, which was consistent with the Arrehenius equation. So the two peaks were all thermal activated. The damping mechanism of peak 1 is attributed to the dislocation motion and interface micro-slip between Sn and whisker because the damping capacities of peak 1 in the coated composites depend not only strain but also coating contents. For P2, the dominant damping mechanism was transfer from Sn melting damping into interface damping. When the temperature exceed 330℃, the grain boundary damping becomes the main damping mechanism for the coated composites.
The strain-damping tests at room temperature revealed that the damping capacity of the coated composites were low and similar. With the increasing of strain amplitude, the damping capacity was composed of two parts: the amplitude independent and dependent damping, and the later could be divided into two steps of slowly increased and rapidly increased damping. The damping of amplitude independent and the slowly increased step was related to the G-L dislocation theory, and for the rapidly increased damping was associated with the damping of interface micro-slip.
The room temperature tensile tests of coated composites implied that the tensile strength of the coated composites increased with the coating contents, which suggested that the coatings on the whisker surfaces improved the wettability between matrix and whisker and the interface bonding states of the composites. In this case, the room damping capacities of the coated composites decreased with the increasing of coating contents at high strain amplitude.
引文
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