宽带阵列天线及无线终端设备天线研究
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摘要
空分组网技术、宽带自适应波束成形技术、跳扩频技术和卫星通信技术等在军事保密移动通信系统中的广泛应用,迫切要求其所配备天线宽带化、小型化和智能化。新型宽带阵列天线及无线终端设备天线研究是一项具有重大理论意义和工程实用价值的课题。本文密切结合“十一五”国防预研项目子专题“宽带高速网络电台波束成型阵列天线研制”、高校合作项目“UHF双频圆极化天线研制”、企业协作项目“三合一天线研制”等,系统研究了100-400MHz水平全向宽带高增益天线、225-800MHz宽带自适应波束成形阵列天线、七种不同用途的无线通信系统天线以及一种新型多功能组合复用天线。作者的主要工作和创造性成果可概括为:
1.提出并研究新型的复合结构的笼型中馈全向天线。采用矩量法对天线各项参数对性能的影响做了详细的分析。1)利用结构不对称性,改善天线的全向辐射特性。特别是解决了通常全向天线在工作频段高端出现裂瓣或凹陷的问题。2)引入螺旋短截线,在不破坏天线全向辐射特性的同时,减小天线的尺寸。短截线的引入还可以为该天线作为阵列单元布阵时提供馈线走线的方便,而且可以起到避雷的作用。
2.提出并研究并馈两元高增益笼型振子天线阵。首先,利用矩量法结合基于PSO优化算法的阻抗匹配技术,根据实际天线单元的输入阻抗,设计了一副100-400MHz宽带功分匹配网络;其次,通过短截线复用,在不破坏天线辐射特性的情况下组成两元高增益并馈阵列。
3.提出并研究225-800MHz宽带自适应波束成形阵列天线。首先,采用粒子群优化算法结合MOM的方法优化了圆形阵列。根据空分组网的要求,以半波功率覆盖60°扇区及压制旁瓣为适应度函数,在225-450MHz及450MHz-800MHz的频带内合理选择圆阵半径,优化出宽带内的波束成形算法。其次,系统地研究了宽带阵列天线的馈电网络。利用PSO优化算法结合阻抗匹配技术,设计出225- 450MHz和450- 800MHz两种集总元件的宽带功分网络。研究并设计出一套225- 450- 800MHz的双工器,将两个不同频段的子阵组合起来。最后,根据高速网络电台高速实时跳频通信的要求,研究了一种快速的计算天线阵列单元激励馈电的幅度和相位的新方法。该算法利用三次样条插值(CSI),对已优化的工作频带内的采样频点进行插值计算,快速地计算出整个频带内的幅度和相位权值,从而适应系统快速实时处理的要求。
4.提出并研究两种卫星通信移动终端的小型化天线。结合卫星通信天线的设计要求,针对不同要求分别设计出一幅高隔离度的收发双工的双频双圆极化微带天线和一幅具有高度小型化的曲折线十字交叉阵子天线。
5.提出并研究三种集成于手机内部的多媒体多频段手机天线,系统地研究了移动终端小型化天线的设计。利用曲折线技术和组合复用技术减小天线的尺寸,通过结构复用和引入遏流槽改善双端口天线系统端口间隔离度的。
6.提出并研究一种具有定向辐射能力的环状波束的室内分布双频天线。结合移动通信室内分布WLAN的通信要求,针对大型体育馆和会议场所设计一幅具有定向辐射能力的室内分布双频天线。研究了双频双枝节微带线馈电网络的解析分析方法。
7.提出并研究一种具有UWB特性的USB闪盘天线。首先,提出了一种采用复用屏蔽盒结构来构造天线的思想,利用射频模块和基带处理模块的屏蔽盒做为天线的主要辐射体,等效于减小了天线的空间占用需求。其次,通过采用短截线技术进一步实现天线的小型化。
8.提出并研究一种集北斗定位导航通信、X频段远距离通信、VHF短距离通信于一体的多功能组合复用天线。首先设计出一套多层双频双圆极化微带天线用于北斗卫星通信;然后利用共形技术,在天线支架上面安装一套六棱柱面微带天线阵列;最后利用结构复用技术将天线支架本身作为VHF搜救天线的辐射体,通过阻抗匹配技术改善其辐射特性。测试和实际通话效果表明该天线性能可靠。
Space division multiple access techniques, broadband adaptive antenna array techniques, frequency-hopping and spread-spectrum techniques, and satellite communication techniques become more prevalent in the modern military secure communication systems, which makes the design and manufacture of broadband omnidirectional miniature antennas and broadband adaptive antennas to be an urgent and important issue. Being associated with three research projects, this dissertation makes deeply insight into the fast and accurate analysis, optimal design and manufacture of a 100-400MHz broadband omnidirectional miniature antenna, a 225-800MHz broadband circular array antenna, seven wireless terminal antennas and a submarine antenna. The author’s major contributions are as follows:
1. The design and realization of a composite structure cage antenna are presented. Two novel techniques are used for the broadband omnidirectional miniature cage antenna. First, the antenna has a composite structure of cage and asymmetric biconical structure. The impedance bandwidth and radiation pattern bandwidth are enhanced, and the tilting and ripping of radiation patterns are eliminated. Second, a helical shorting wire is used to reduce the antenna height effectively. The helical shorting wire leads to more convenience for routing the feeding wires of array antennas and plays a function of lightning protection.
2. A novel wide-band two-element center-fed cage array antenna is investigated. By using the PSO-based impedance matching optimization technology, according to the measured impedance of the antenna, a broadband matching and dividing network is designed. A 100-400MHz matching and dividing network is manufactured and used as the feeding network of the two-element array antenna. The impedance of the array element is improved, and equal amplitudes and same phases are achieved in the broad frequency band. Second, by reusing the feeding coaxial-cable shield as the shorting line of the array element, the problem of routing the feeding wires is solved effectively.
3. A 225-800MHz broadband adaptive antenna array is studied. First, particle swarm optimization (PSO) is investigated for the optimal design of the broadband adaptive array antenna beam forming procedure. The 60-degree half power beam width (HPBW), low side lobe level, as well as small front to back ratio, are established as a versatile objective function and optimized simultaneously. Proper radiuses of 225-450MHz and 450MHz-800MHz four-layer circular array antennas are selected for decreasing the effect of the mutual. Second, the feeding networks of the array antenna are presented and studied. The feeding network includes a diplexer (225- 450- 800MHz) and two power dividers (225- 450MHz and 450- 800MHz) using lumped components. The power dividers are designed using the PSO-based impedance matching optimization technology mentioned previously. Third, according to the requirements of wide-band frequency-hopping and spread-spectrum techniques, the cubic spline interpolation (CSI) method is utilized to efficiently obtain the complex excitations at arbitrary frequency points within the working frequency band. An eight-layer circular array antenna working in 225-800MHz is designed successfully.
4. Two novel antennas are investigated for small satellite communication. One of them is a multilayer microstrip antenna which can realize right circularly polarized radiation and left circularly polarized radiation simultaneously at receiving frequency band and transmitting frequency band by using the Lange-coupler as an orthogonal feeding network, respectively. The patch coupled feeding and additional lumped filtering network techniques achieve a high port-to-port isolation. Another one is a tapered meander line turnstile dipole antenna. The designed antenna has a size reduction rate of 96% compared with a traditional turnstile dipole antenna, and the impedance is improved by using the matching network optimized by PSO.
5. Three mobile phone antennas are investigated for multiband application. A planar meander sleeve monopole antenna is studied for DVB-H/GSM mobile handsets. Another two antenna using combined PIFAs are studied for GSM/DCS and WLAN mobile handsets. By using the meander and reused structure, the antenna size is miniaturized. The reused structure and notching slot improve the port-to-port isolation effectively.
6. A Dual-band Toroidal Beam Antenna for WLAN Communications is presented. The antenna mainly consists of six dual-band inverted-L radiating elements and is fed by a two-section six-way microstrip power divider. The effects of the length of two strips, the height of the antenna and the size of ground are analyzed. The two-section microstrip power divider is investigated by analytical method.
7. A novel design of ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna for wireless USB (WUSB) flash disk is presented. The baseband module shielding box and the RF module shielding box, two necessary parts for a WUSB flash disk, are subtly used as the radiators, which means that no other radiators are needed for the antenna. A shorting tube is used as the signal wire channel to connect the baseband and the RF modules, which also is a shorting wire of the antenna.
8. A multi-band combined three-in-one antenna for submarine communication is proposed. The three-in-one antenna includes a Beidou dual-band circularly-polarized antenna, an X-band horizontally-polarized omni-directional antenna and a VHF perpendicularly-polarized omni-directional antenna.
1.提出并研究新型的复合结构的笼型中馈全向天线。采用矩量法对天线各项参数对性能的影响做了详细的分析。1)利用结构不对称性,改善天线的全向辐射特性。特别是解决了通常全向天线在工作频段高端出现裂瓣或凹陷的问题。2)引入螺旋短截线,在不破坏天线全向辐射特性的同时,减小天线的尺寸。短截线的引入还可以为该天线作为阵列单元布阵时提供馈线走线的方便,而且可以起到避雷的作用。
2.提出并研究并馈两元高增益笼型振子天线阵。首先,利用矩量法结合基于PSO优化算法的阻抗匹配技术,根据实际天线单元的输入阻抗,设计了一副100-400MHz宽带功分匹配网络;其次,通过短截线复用,在不破坏天线辐射特性的情况下组成两元高增益并馈阵列。
3.提出并研究225-800MHz宽带自适应波束成形阵列天线。首先,采用粒子群优化算法结合MOM的方法优化了圆形阵列。根据空分组网的要求,以半波功率覆盖60°扇区及压制旁瓣为适应度函数,在225-450MHz及450MHz-800MHz的频带内合理选择圆阵半径,优化出宽带内的波束成形算法。其次,系统地研究了宽带阵列天线的馈电网络。利用PSO优化算法结合阻抗匹配技术,设计出225- 450MHz和450- 800MHz两种集总元件的宽带功分网络。研究并设计出一套225- 450- 800MHz的双工器,将两个不同频段的子阵组合起来。最后,根据高速网络电台高速实时跳频通信的要求,研究了一种快速的计算天线阵列单元激励馈电的幅度和相位的新方法。该算法利用三次样条插值(CSI),对已优化的工作频带内的采样频点进行插值计算,快速地计算出整个频带内的幅度和相位权值,从而适应系统快速实时处理的要求。
4.提出并研究两种卫星通信移动终端的小型化天线。结合卫星通信天线的设计要求,针对不同要求分别设计出一幅高隔离度的收发双工的双频双圆极化微带天线和一幅具有高度小型化的曲折线十字交叉阵子天线。
5.提出并研究三种集成于手机内部的多媒体多频段手机天线,系统地研究了移动终端小型化天线的设计。利用曲折线技术和组合复用技术减小天线的尺寸,通过结构复用和引入遏流槽改善双端口天线系统端口间隔离度的。
6.提出并研究一种具有定向辐射能力的环状波束的室内分布双频天线。结合移动通信室内分布WLAN的通信要求,针对大型体育馆和会议场所设计一幅具有定向辐射能力的室内分布双频天线。研究了双频双枝节微带线馈电网络的解析分析方法。
7.提出并研究一种具有UWB特性的USB闪盘天线。首先,提出了一种采用复用屏蔽盒结构来构造天线的思想,利用射频模块和基带处理模块的屏蔽盒做为天线的主要辐射体,等效于减小了天线的空间占用需求。其次,通过采用短截线技术进一步实现天线的小型化。
8.提出并研究一种集北斗定位导航通信、X频段远距离通信、VHF短距离通信于一体的多功能组合复用天线。首先设计出一套多层双频双圆极化微带天线用于北斗卫星通信;然后利用共形技术,在天线支架上面安装一套六棱柱面微带天线阵列;最后利用结构复用技术将天线支架本身作为VHF搜救天线的辐射体,通过阻抗匹配技术改善其辐射特性。测试和实际通话效果表明该天线性能可靠。
Space division multiple access techniques, broadband adaptive antenna array techniques, frequency-hopping and spread-spectrum techniques, and satellite communication techniques become more prevalent in the modern military secure communication systems, which makes the design and manufacture of broadband omnidirectional miniature antennas and broadband adaptive antennas to be an urgent and important issue. Being associated with three research projects, this dissertation makes deeply insight into the fast and accurate analysis, optimal design and manufacture of a 100-400MHz broadband omnidirectional miniature antenna, a 225-800MHz broadband circular array antenna, seven wireless terminal antennas and a submarine antenna. The author’s major contributions are as follows:
1. The design and realization of a composite structure cage antenna are presented. Two novel techniques are used for the broadband omnidirectional miniature cage antenna. First, the antenna has a composite structure of cage and asymmetric biconical structure. The impedance bandwidth and radiation pattern bandwidth are enhanced, and the tilting and ripping of radiation patterns are eliminated. Second, a helical shorting wire is used to reduce the antenna height effectively. The helical shorting wire leads to more convenience for routing the feeding wires of array antennas and plays a function of lightning protection.
2. A novel wide-band two-element center-fed cage array antenna is investigated. By using the PSO-based impedance matching optimization technology, according to the measured impedance of the antenna, a broadband matching and dividing network is designed. A 100-400MHz matching and dividing network is manufactured and used as the feeding network of the two-element array antenna. The impedance of the array element is improved, and equal amplitudes and same phases are achieved in the broad frequency band. Second, by reusing the feeding coaxial-cable shield as the shorting line of the array element, the problem of routing the feeding wires is solved effectively.
3. A 225-800MHz broadband adaptive antenna array is studied. First, particle swarm optimization (PSO) is investigated for the optimal design of the broadband adaptive array antenna beam forming procedure. The 60-degree half power beam width (HPBW), low side lobe level, as well as small front to back ratio, are established as a versatile objective function and optimized simultaneously. Proper radiuses of 225-450MHz and 450MHz-800MHz four-layer circular array antennas are selected for decreasing the effect of the mutual. Second, the feeding networks of the array antenna are presented and studied. The feeding network includes a diplexer (225- 450- 800MHz) and two power dividers (225- 450MHz and 450- 800MHz) using lumped components. The power dividers are designed using the PSO-based impedance matching optimization technology mentioned previously. Third, according to the requirements of wide-band frequency-hopping and spread-spectrum techniques, the cubic spline interpolation (CSI) method is utilized to efficiently obtain the complex excitations at arbitrary frequency points within the working frequency band. An eight-layer circular array antenna working in 225-800MHz is designed successfully.
4. Two novel antennas are investigated for small satellite communication. One of them is a multilayer microstrip antenna which can realize right circularly polarized radiation and left circularly polarized radiation simultaneously at receiving frequency band and transmitting frequency band by using the Lange-coupler as an orthogonal feeding network, respectively. The patch coupled feeding and additional lumped filtering network techniques achieve a high port-to-port isolation. Another one is a tapered meander line turnstile dipole antenna. The designed antenna has a size reduction rate of 96% compared with a traditional turnstile dipole antenna, and the impedance is improved by using the matching network optimized by PSO.
5. Three mobile phone antennas are investigated for multiband application. A planar meander sleeve monopole antenna is studied for DVB-H/GSM mobile handsets. Another two antenna using combined PIFAs are studied for GSM/DCS and WLAN mobile handsets. By using the meander and reused structure, the antenna size is miniaturized. The reused structure and notching slot improve the port-to-port isolation effectively.
6. A Dual-band Toroidal Beam Antenna for WLAN Communications is presented. The antenna mainly consists of six dual-band inverted-L radiating elements and is fed by a two-section six-way microstrip power divider. The effects of the length of two strips, the height of the antenna and the size of ground are analyzed. The two-section microstrip power divider is investigated by analytical method.
7. A novel design of ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna for wireless USB (WUSB) flash disk is presented. The baseband module shielding box and the RF module shielding box, two necessary parts for a WUSB flash disk, are subtly used as the radiators, which means that no other radiators are needed for the antenna. A shorting tube is used as the signal wire channel to connect the baseband and the RF modules, which also is a shorting wire of the antenna.
8. A multi-band combined three-in-one antenna for submarine communication is proposed. The three-in-one antenna includes a Beidou dual-band circularly-polarized antenna, an X-band horizontally-polarized omni-directional antenna and a VHF perpendicularly-polarized omni-directional antenna.
引文
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