彩色马蹄莲离体快繁条件优化及氮磷钾营养对其苗期生长的影响
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摘要
彩色马蹄莲(Zantedeschia hybrida)原产非洲南部,为天南星科(Araceae)马蹄莲属(Zantedeschia)多年生草本球根花卉。由于其花色艳丽,形态优雅、观赏期及鲜切花寿命长,寓意幸福吉祥,在国内外市场上深受欢迎,其市场发展前景广阔。近年来,我国的彩色马蹄莲生产企业也日益增多,但由于彩色马蹄莲对环境敏感,引种繁殖困难,驯化栽培技术又不完善,致使彩色马蹄莲生产受到限制,市场供应不足,目前种球还主要依靠进口,生产成本高。所以提高离体苗繁殖系数,培育健壮种球,对我国彩色马蹄莲生产有着重要意义。因此本研究以彩色马蹄莲杂交品种‘PinkDiamond'为材料,在已有无菌体系的基础上通过施用不同浓度的多效唑、矮壮素并口水杨酸等生长调节剂来提高无菌苗的增殖倍率;并采用正交设计研究了多效唑、蔗糖及BA对试管苗壮苗培养的影响,在此基础上研究了温度和培养基营养成分对壮苗生长的影响,以选出适宜条件,提高移栽苗成活率。最后利用通用旋转回归设计研究了氮、磷、钾营养对彩色马蹄莲苗期营养生长及块茎膨大的影响,研究了苗期营养生长规律并通过分析建立了块茎膨大的数学模型。为高温季节种球繁育提供了生产依据。结果表明:
(1)用不同浓度的多效唑、矮壮素和水杨酸对无菌苗进行增殖诱导后发现,彩色马蹄莲无菌苗在MS+PP_(333)8.0mg/L的培养基上培养3周后再转入增殖培养基中诱导侧芽增殖的效果较好,增殖率达6.13。增殖培养基以单独添加BA比添加BA及NAA组合效果更好,以MS+BA3.0mg/L增殖效果较好。
(2)正交设计极差分析得出,采用MS+蔗糖80g/L+PP_(333)8.0mg/L+BA2.0mg/L来培养壮苗,30d后苗体矮化,植株健壮,叶色浓绿,块茎较大,可溶性糖及淀粉含量较高,移栽成活率高。
25℃比18℃更利于无菌苗壮苗培养,25℃下用Ⅱ号改良培养基进行培养,有利于植株健壮生长及块茎碳水化合物积累,提高无菌苗移栽成活率。
(3)旋转回归分析结果表明,氮、磷、钾肥施用量对彩色马蹄莲苗期株高、叶片数、植株地径及叶面积有显著影响,对叶片叶绿素含量及叶绿素a/b值影响不显著。较低浓度氮肥及较高浓度的磷钾肥组合有利于植株抵抗不良环境条件,进行健壮生长。根据回归分析,分别建立了氮、磷、钾营养对块茎直径和块茎鲜重的三元二次回归方程。根据回归方程,有效氮、磷、钾用量分别为150mg/L、133mg/L、217mg/L时,可得一年生块茎直径最大为3.019cm。有效氮、磷、钾用量分别为150mg/L、133mg/L、234.7mg/L时,一年生块茎鲜重可达到最大值11.256g。回归方程从理论上对块茎生产进行了预测。
The colour calla lily(Zantedeschia hybrida),which belong to the family of Araceae and the genus of Zantedeschia,was a kind of perennial bulb flower originating from South Africa.Because of its beautiful colours,elegant figure and long life of both pot and cut flower,it is welcomed in both domestic and international markets and will enjoy broad prospects.Nowadays,companies in China producing Zantedeschia are increasing,but for colour calla lily is sensitive to the environment,it is difficult to be introduced and propagated as well as be built up a mature domestication and cultivation technology systems.Consequently,production of colour calla lily was constrained.At present,bulbs are mainly imported from abroad,production costs are high.So increasing in vitro propagation coefficient and cultivating healthy and strong bulbs are of great significance for colour calla lily production.So Z.hybrida 'Pink Diamond',was choosen as material to study on the key techniques of rapid propagation,cultivation of strong seedlings and nutrition management at the seedling stage.The concrete contents are as follows:three kinds of plant regulators PP_(333),CCC and SA were used to induce adventitious bud proliferation;To study the effect of sucrose,PP_(333) and BA on the growth of plantlet and enlargement of microtuber of Z.hybrida,orthogonal design was conducted,on the basis of this results,the effects of temperature and the nutritional components were also studied, Better medium was choosen to improve survival rate after transplanting;Using secondorder regression general rotation design,Influence of N、P、K on the growth of seedling and enlargement of the tuber at the seedling stage was studied.By analyzing the relationship between N、P、K nutrition and tuber enlargement,seedling growth regulations were also studied and mathematical models were established to forcast and serve the production.
The results are as follows:
1.After inducement by different kinds of plant regulators,it indicated that it is better for buds proliferation to inoculate on MS medium supplemented with 8.0mg/L PP_(333) after inducement by different kind of plant growth regulators.The highest proliferation reach to 6.13.Medium supplemented with BA was better than combination of BA and NAA.The optimal medium for proliferation was MS medium containing 3.0 mg/L 6-BA.
2.The results of orthogonal design showed that better seedling cltivation medium was:MS+sucrose 8%+PP_(333)8.0mg/L+BA2.0mg/L,After cultivating in such medium for 30d,the plantlets were dwarfed with stronger stems and larger tubers.The contents of soluble sugar and starch increased in tubers and survival rate became higher.
Higher temperature(25℃) is better to cultivate strong seedling than lower temperature of 18℃.MediumⅡ,which contains 5 times P_2O_5 more than that in MS,is the optimal medium for strong seedling cultivation and high suvival rate after transplanting.
3.It is showed that N,P,K contents had significant influence on height of seedling, number of leaves,diameter of stem and area of leaves,and have unsignificant influence on content of Chlorophyll as well as Chlorophylla/b.Corelationship between N、P、K content and tuber enlargement and tuber fresh weight was studied,and binal regression equations were obtained respectively.According to the equations,the optimal content of N、P、K was obtained as follows:N:150mg/L、P:133mg/L、K:217mg/L,while the tuber diameter can reach to the max,which is 3.019cm;N:150mg/L、P:133mg/L、K:234.7mg/L,while the tuber fresh weight can reach to the max,which is 11.256g.Theoretically,the equations forcast the tuber production.
(1)用不同浓度的多效唑、矮壮素和水杨酸对无菌苗进行增殖诱导后发现,彩色马蹄莲无菌苗在MS+PP_(333)8.0mg/L的培养基上培养3周后再转入增殖培养基中诱导侧芽增殖的效果较好,增殖率达6.13。增殖培养基以单独添加BA比添加BA及NAA组合效果更好,以MS+BA3.0mg/L增殖效果较好。
(2)正交设计极差分析得出,采用MS+蔗糖80g/L+PP_(333)8.0mg/L+BA2.0mg/L来培养壮苗,30d后苗体矮化,植株健壮,叶色浓绿,块茎较大,可溶性糖及淀粉含量较高,移栽成活率高。
25℃比18℃更利于无菌苗壮苗培养,25℃下用Ⅱ号改良培养基进行培养,有利于植株健壮生长及块茎碳水化合物积累,提高无菌苗移栽成活率。
(3)旋转回归分析结果表明,氮、磷、钾肥施用量对彩色马蹄莲苗期株高、叶片数、植株地径及叶面积有显著影响,对叶片叶绿素含量及叶绿素a/b值影响不显著。较低浓度氮肥及较高浓度的磷钾肥组合有利于植株抵抗不良环境条件,进行健壮生长。根据回归分析,分别建立了氮、磷、钾营养对块茎直径和块茎鲜重的三元二次回归方程。根据回归方程,有效氮、磷、钾用量分别为150mg/L、133mg/L、217mg/L时,可得一年生块茎直径最大为3.019cm。有效氮、磷、钾用量分别为150mg/L、133mg/L、234.7mg/L时,一年生块茎鲜重可达到最大值11.256g。回归方程从理论上对块茎生产进行了预测。
The colour calla lily(Zantedeschia hybrida),which belong to the family of Araceae and the genus of Zantedeschia,was a kind of perennial bulb flower originating from South Africa.Because of its beautiful colours,elegant figure and long life of both pot and cut flower,it is welcomed in both domestic and international markets and will enjoy broad prospects.Nowadays,companies in China producing Zantedeschia are increasing,but for colour calla lily is sensitive to the environment,it is difficult to be introduced and propagated as well as be built up a mature domestication and cultivation technology systems.Consequently,production of colour calla lily was constrained.At present,bulbs are mainly imported from abroad,production costs are high.So increasing in vitro propagation coefficient and cultivating healthy and strong bulbs are of great significance for colour calla lily production.So Z.hybrida 'Pink Diamond',was choosen as material to study on the key techniques of rapid propagation,cultivation of strong seedlings and nutrition management at the seedling stage.The concrete contents are as follows:three kinds of plant regulators PP_(333),CCC and SA were used to induce adventitious bud proliferation;To study the effect of sucrose,PP_(333) and BA on the growth of plantlet and enlargement of microtuber of Z.hybrida,orthogonal design was conducted,on the basis of this results,the effects of temperature and the nutritional components were also studied, Better medium was choosen to improve survival rate after transplanting;Using secondorder regression general rotation design,Influence of N、P、K on the growth of seedling and enlargement of the tuber at the seedling stage was studied.By analyzing the relationship between N、P、K nutrition and tuber enlargement,seedling growth regulations were also studied and mathematical models were established to forcast and serve the production.
The results are as follows:
1.After inducement by different kinds of plant regulators,it indicated that it is better for buds proliferation to inoculate on MS medium supplemented with 8.0mg/L PP_(333) after inducement by different kind of plant growth regulators.The highest proliferation reach to 6.13.Medium supplemented with BA was better than combination of BA and NAA.The optimal medium for proliferation was MS medium containing 3.0 mg/L 6-BA.
2.The results of orthogonal design showed that better seedling cltivation medium was:MS+sucrose 8%+PP_(333)8.0mg/L+BA2.0mg/L,After cultivating in such medium for 30d,the plantlets were dwarfed with stronger stems and larger tubers.The contents of soluble sugar and starch increased in tubers and survival rate became higher.
Higher temperature(25℃) is better to cultivate strong seedling than lower temperature of 18℃.MediumⅡ,which contains 5 times P_2O_5 more than that in MS,is the optimal medium for strong seedling cultivation and high suvival rate after transplanting.
3.It is showed that N,P,K contents had significant influence on height of seedling, number of leaves,diameter of stem and area of leaves,and have unsignificant influence on content of Chlorophyll as well as Chlorophylla/b.Corelationship between N、P、K content and tuber enlargement and tuber fresh weight was studied,and binal regression equations were obtained respectively.According to the equations,the optimal content of N、P、K was obtained as follows:N:150mg/L、P:133mg/L、K:217mg/L,while the tuber diameter can reach to the max,which is 3.019cm;N:150mg/L、P:133mg/L、K:234.7mg/L,while the tuber fresh weight can reach to the max,which is 11.256g.Theoretically,the equations forcast the tuber production.
引文
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