基于小家电产品技术创新流程再造研究
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摘要
随着小家电产业发展趋向成熟,全球小家电产业生产基地转移到了中国,我国小家电企业如何立足长远,增强竞争力,实现可持续发展,最根本的就是要提高企业的自主技术创新能力。技术生命周期的更替,技术创新流程也不断的再造,相关的主流设计和产品技术平台将相继在技术创新流程再造中得到更新。通过重新设计技术创新流程,可以在技术创新流程绩效的改善上取得跃进,激发和增进企业的竞争力。
本文深入分析了我国小家电企业自主技术创新流程的现状,详细阐明了小家电技术创新流程再造的原理,基于此,有针对性地提出了提高我国小家电企业自主技术创新能力的策略与建议。本文从流程结构方面深度剖析了小家电产品技术创新流程管理的过去、现在与未来,用最简明的管理理论,论述了人与事交叉管理的精华：最好的技术创新流程就是没有流程。小家电产品不同于其它行业的产品,其研发周期短,生命周期短,所以技术创新流程再造应遵循：持续性、系统性、经济性、动态性、以人为本的原则,技术创新流程再造是企业发展的不竭动力,是企业竞争力提升的关键因素。
随着技术创新在社会经济增长作用中的增大,技术创新流程再造越来越受人注目,产品技术创新是实现企业产值增值的关键。但如何创新,却是个复杂的问题,从J·佩帕德P·罗兰所著的《业务流程再造精要》看,让我们理解了BPR,同时也拨开了技术创新流程再造的层层迷雾,本文理解为业务流程再造时虽然难度大,但还是可以被公司管理层挖掘出来,同时也容易被公司高层所能接受；但谈到技术创新流程再造时,却有违于常理,这是因为所有组织都是由三个基本因素组成的：流程、人员和技术,企业往往把创新流程等同于这三个因素中的其中一个—流程因素,本文强调技术创新流程是流程、人员、技术的综合体,是企业业务流程中的一个特殊的流程。技术创新流程再造的特殊性,决定着技术创新流程的设计结构会与一般的业务流程差异较大,其特征是在技术模块的基础上,充分利用人员规划的管理,专门设计创新模式的流程。技术创新流程再造的设计注重概念的集成过程和人力重组力度,管理模式忌讳受开发管理模式的影响。
With the development of small household electrical appliances industry, the global production base of this industry have been transferred to China. If Chinese mainland small household electrical appliance enterprises want long-term perspective, enhance their competitiveness and achieve sustainable development, the most fundamental thing is to enhance the independent innovation capability of them. Because of replacement of technology life-cycle, technological innovation processes are constantly reengineered, the relevant mainstream design and product technology platform will be updated. The performance of technological innovation processes and the competitiveness of enterprises will be improved by re-designing technological innovation processes.
This paper analysis the status of technological innovation process of Chinese small household electrical appliance enterprises and expatiates the reengineering principles of technological innovation process and based on this, makes suggestions to help Chinese small household electrical appliance enterprises to improve their own technological innovation capability. This paper analysis the past, present and future of small household electrical appliances technological innovation process management in terms of process structure, expound the essence of people and things crossing management:The best technological innovation processes is that there is no process. Small household electrical appliances industry is different from other products. Its research, development and life cycle is short, so its product innovation process reengineering should be followed the principles that persistent, systematic, economic, dynamic and people-oriented, technological innovation process reengineering is the inexhaustible motive force and key factor in enterprises competitiveness improvement.
As the increasing effect in socio-economic growth, technological innovation process reengineering receive a wide publicity, product technological innovation is the key to enterprise value-added. But how to innovate is a complex issue, from the Joe Peppard Philip Rowland's book《The Essence of Business Re-engineering》, we understand the BPR as well as brushing aside the fog of technology innovation process reengineering. Although it is difficult to interpreted as Business Process Reengineering, it still can be dug up by management and also easy to be accepted by the company executives; but technology innovation process reengineering is not normal, it is because that all organizations are composed of three basic elements including processes, personnel and technology, innovation processes often been equated with the processes factor, this paper emphasizes that technological innovation process is a combination of process, personnel, and technology and a special process of enterprise business processes. The specificity of technological innovation reengineering determines a great different between innovation process and business processes in structure design. Its characterize is that make full use of manpower planning and management to design innovation process model specifically which is base on of the technical modules. The design of Technological Innovation Process Reengineering lays emphasis on the concept integration and manpower recombination. It is a taboo that management model is affected by development model.
本文深入分析了我国小家电企业自主技术创新流程的现状,详细阐明了小家电技术创新流程再造的原理,基于此,有针对性地提出了提高我国小家电企业自主技术创新能力的策略与建议。本文从流程结构方面深度剖析了小家电产品技术创新流程管理的过去、现在与未来,用最简明的管理理论,论述了人与事交叉管理的精华：最好的技术创新流程就是没有流程。小家电产品不同于其它行业的产品,其研发周期短,生命周期短,所以技术创新流程再造应遵循：持续性、系统性、经济性、动态性、以人为本的原则,技术创新流程再造是企业发展的不竭动力,是企业竞争力提升的关键因素。
随着技术创新在社会经济增长作用中的增大,技术创新流程再造越来越受人注目,产品技术创新是实现企业产值增值的关键。但如何创新,却是个复杂的问题,从J·佩帕德P·罗兰所著的《业务流程再造精要》看,让我们理解了BPR,同时也拨开了技术创新流程再造的层层迷雾,本文理解为业务流程再造时虽然难度大,但还是可以被公司管理层挖掘出来,同时也容易被公司高层所能接受；但谈到技术创新流程再造时,却有违于常理,这是因为所有组织都是由三个基本因素组成的：流程、人员和技术,企业往往把创新流程等同于这三个因素中的其中一个—流程因素,本文强调技术创新流程是流程、人员、技术的综合体,是企业业务流程中的一个特殊的流程。技术创新流程再造的特殊性,决定着技术创新流程的设计结构会与一般的业务流程差异较大,其特征是在技术模块的基础上,充分利用人员规划的管理,专门设计创新模式的流程。技术创新流程再造的设计注重概念的集成过程和人力重组力度,管理模式忌讳受开发管理模式的影响。
With the development of small household electrical appliances industry, the global production base of this industry have been transferred to China. If Chinese mainland small household electrical appliance enterprises want long-term perspective, enhance their competitiveness and achieve sustainable development, the most fundamental thing is to enhance the independent innovation capability of them. Because of replacement of technology life-cycle, technological innovation processes are constantly reengineered, the relevant mainstream design and product technology platform will be updated. The performance of technological innovation processes and the competitiveness of enterprises will be improved by re-designing technological innovation processes.
This paper analysis the status of technological innovation process of Chinese small household electrical appliance enterprises and expatiates the reengineering principles of technological innovation process and based on this, makes suggestions to help Chinese small household electrical appliance enterprises to improve their own technological innovation capability. This paper analysis the past, present and future of small household electrical appliances technological innovation process management in terms of process structure, expound the essence of people and things crossing management:The best technological innovation processes is that there is no process. Small household electrical appliances industry is different from other products. Its research, development and life cycle is short, so its product innovation process reengineering should be followed the principles that persistent, systematic, economic, dynamic and people-oriented, technological innovation process reengineering is the inexhaustible motive force and key factor in enterprises competitiveness improvement.
As the increasing effect in socio-economic growth, technological innovation process reengineering receive a wide publicity, product technological innovation is the key to enterprise value-added. But how to innovate is a complex issue, from the Joe Peppard Philip Rowland's book《The Essence of Business Re-engineering》, we understand the BPR as well as brushing aside the fog of technology innovation process reengineering. Although it is difficult to interpreted as Business Process Reengineering, it still can be dug up by management and also easy to be accepted by the company executives; but technology innovation process reengineering is not normal, it is because that all organizations are composed of three basic elements including processes, personnel and technology, innovation processes often been equated with the processes factor, this paper emphasizes that technological innovation process is a combination of process, personnel, and technology and a special process of enterprise business processes. The specificity of technological innovation reengineering determines a great different between innovation process and business processes in structure design. Its characterize is that make full use of manpower planning and management to design innovation process model specifically which is base on of the technical modules. The design of Technological Innovation Process Reengineering lays emphasis on the concept integration and manpower recombination. It is a taboo that management model is affected by development model.
引文
[1]转引自 "Reengineering:the hot new management tool", Fortune,23 August 1993, P.33
[2].东菱家用豆奶机首创问世,环球工业网讯,2010
[3].纪建悦,张志亮,郭春静, 中国家电企业自主创新能力分析,中国海洋大学,青岛2006
[4].J·佩帕德 P·罗兰《业务流程再造精要》第231页,中信出版社,2003
[5].J·佩帕德 P·罗兰《业务流程再造精要》第232页,中信出版社,2003
[6].邢少国 李孝刚 组织结构设计系列谈 中华工商时报 2003年02月12日
[7].J·佩帕德 P·罗兰《业务流程再造精要》第179页,中信出版社,2003
[8].陈传明 周小虎《管理学》清华大学出版社2003年9月
[9].熊彼特(J·A·Schumpeter) 《经济发展理论1912年
[10]. Michael Hammer, James Champy, Reengineering The Corporation 1993年
[11].国际工业设计协会(ICSID)定义1970年
[12].J·佩帕德 P·罗兰《业务流程再造精要》第8页,中信出版社,2003
[13]. Johann-peter Friedmann, Steve Maurer创新领导者走向成功的必要条件,《时代周刊》,2005
[14]. Johann-peter Friedmann, Steve Maurer创新领导者走向成功的必要条件,《时代周刊》,2005
[15].Miehael Hammer &James ChamPy, Reengineering the Corporation-A Maniefsto For Business Revolution. Nieholas Brealey Publishing,1993
[16]. NICK OBOLENSKY.公司再造.谢作渺,王长征译.华夏出版社,1996
[17].詹姆斯·钱匹.企业X再造.中信出版社,2002
[18].J·佩帕德 P·罗兰《业务流程再造精要》第49页,中信出版社,2003
[19].卢向南主编《项目计划与控制》第二版第222页机械工业出版社2009年6月
[20].刘宇主编《现代质量管理学》社会科学文献出版社2009
[21].张公绪 孙静《质量管理学》高等教育出版社,2003
[22].李玉萍 许伟波 彭于彪 《绩效.剑》清华大学出版社2008
[23].陈劲主编《研发项目管理》(Project Management for R&D),机械工业出版社2004年1月
[24].正确认识组织再造的方法和价值通信前沿2008
[25].团队的构成与作用《管理学家》2009
[26].J·佩帕德 P·罗兰《业务流程再造精要》第124页,中信出版社,2003
[27].浅谈企业以人为本管理《市场周刊(理论研究)》2006年05期
[28].高菲菲 李兆友,辽宁教育行政学院学报第22卷第十期,过程论视野中的技术本质2005
[29].远德玉 技术过程论的再思考 东北大学学报(社会科学版),Journal of Northeastern University(Social Science),编辑部邮箱2003年06期
[30].王长峰 李建平 纪建悦主编《现代项目管理概论》机械工业出版社2009年9月
[31].Brown L G. The importance of Field2Researched, Decision2Focused Cases [C]. Academy of Manage2 ment Annual Conference, Philadelphia, USA, 2007.
[32].欧阳桃花.试论工商管理学科的案例研究方法[J].南开管理评论,2004,7(2)：100-105.
[33].出自《左传·昭公九年》：“我在伯父,犹衣服之有冠冕,木水之有本原。”
[34]. John Griffiths, "Driving Out the Old Regime",Financial Times,20 August 1993
[35].些数据转引自Michael Hammer and James Champy的著专著Reenginggring the Corporation, London:Nicholas Brealey Publishing,1993
[36].周力军.BPR：风靡全球的企业重组革命.中国商人,2002,9：33～35
[37].J·佩帕德 P·罗兰《业务流程再造精要》第232页,中信出版社,2003
[38].J·佩帕德 P·罗兰《业务流程再造精要》第233页,中信出版社,2003
[39]. John P. Kotter and James L. Heskett, Corporate Culture and Performance, New York:The Free Press,1992
[40].J·佩帕德 P·罗兰《业务流程再造精要》第170页,中信出版社,2003
[41].王进华《流程打造执行力》片段合成版2009年12月
[42].姜晓燕,坚持可持续发展实现企业远景目标,江苏邮电报2010年5月3日
[43].罗锐韧《哈佛管理制度全集》 中华工商联合出版社1999年10月
[44].《改革公司-企业革命的宣言书》作者：迈克尔·哈默,詹姆斯·钱皮,上海译文出版社,1998[37].其中的“打破鸡蛋才能做蛋卷”是借用英语中的一句谚语：Omelets are not made without breaking of eggs.鸡蛋不打破,蛋卷做不成；不甘愿吃苦,则预期效果达不到。
[45].乔坤 马晓蕾 论案例研究法与实证研究法的结合 《管理案例研究与评论》2008年01期
[46]. Yin R K. Case Study Research:Design and Method [M]. London:Sage Publications,1994.
[2].东菱家用豆奶机首创问世,环球工业网讯,2010
[3].纪建悦,张志亮,郭春静, 中国家电企业自主创新能力分析,中国海洋大学,青岛2006
[4].J·佩帕德 P·罗兰《业务流程再造精要》第231页,中信出版社,2003
[5].J·佩帕德 P·罗兰《业务流程再造精要》第232页,中信出版社,2003
[6].邢少国 李孝刚 组织结构设计系列谈 中华工商时报 2003年02月12日
[7].J·佩帕德 P·罗兰《业务流程再造精要》第179页,中信出版社,2003
[8].陈传明 周小虎《管理学》清华大学出版社2003年9月
[9].熊彼特(J·A·Schumpeter) 《经济发展理论1912年
[10]. Michael Hammer, James Champy, Reengineering The Corporation 1993年
[11].国际工业设计协会(ICSID)定义1970年
[12].J·佩帕德 P·罗兰《业务流程再造精要》第8页,中信出版社,2003
[13]. Johann-peter Friedmann, Steve Maurer创新领导者走向成功的必要条件,《时代周刊》,2005
[14]. Johann-peter Friedmann, Steve Maurer创新领导者走向成功的必要条件,《时代周刊》,2005
[15].Miehael Hammer &James ChamPy, Reengineering the Corporation-A Maniefsto For Business Revolution. Nieholas Brealey Publishing,1993
[16]. NICK OBOLENSKY.公司再造.谢作渺,王长征译.华夏出版社,1996
[17].詹姆斯·钱匹.企业X再造.中信出版社,2002
[18].J·佩帕德 P·罗兰《业务流程再造精要》第49页,中信出版社,2003
[19].卢向南主编《项目计划与控制》第二版第222页机械工业出版社2009年6月
[20].刘宇主编《现代质量管理学》社会科学文献出版社2009
[21].张公绪 孙静《质量管理学》高等教育出版社,2003
[22].李玉萍 许伟波 彭于彪 《绩效.剑》清华大学出版社2008
[23].陈劲主编《研发项目管理》(Project Management for R&D),机械工业出版社2004年1月
[24].正确认识组织再造的方法和价值通信前沿2008
[25].团队的构成与作用《管理学家》2009
[26].J·佩帕德 P·罗兰《业务流程再造精要》第124页,中信出版社,2003
[27].浅谈企业以人为本管理《市场周刊(理论研究)》2006年05期
[28].高菲菲 李兆友,辽宁教育行政学院学报第22卷第十期,过程论视野中的技术本质2005
[29].远德玉 技术过程论的再思考 东北大学学报(社会科学版),Journal of Northeastern University(Social Science),编辑部邮箱2003年06期
[30].王长峰 李建平 纪建悦主编《现代项目管理概论》机械工业出版社2009年9月
[31].Brown L G. The importance of Field2Researched, Decision2Focused Cases [C]. Academy of Manage2 ment Annual Conference, Philadelphia, USA, 2007.
[32].欧阳桃花.试论工商管理学科的案例研究方法[J].南开管理评论,2004,7(2)：100-105.
[33].出自《左传·昭公九年》：“我在伯父,犹衣服之有冠冕,木水之有本原。”
[34]. John Griffiths, "Driving Out the Old Regime",Financial Times,20 August 1993
[35].些数据转引自Michael Hammer and James Champy的著专著Reenginggring the Corporation, London:Nicholas Brealey Publishing,1993
[36].周力军.BPR：风靡全球的企业重组革命.中国商人,2002,9：33～35
[37].J·佩帕德 P·罗兰《业务流程再造精要》第232页,中信出版社,2003
[38].J·佩帕德 P·罗兰《业务流程再造精要》第233页,中信出版社,2003
[39]. John P. Kotter and James L. Heskett, Corporate Culture and Performance, New York:The Free Press,1992
[40].J·佩帕德 P·罗兰《业务流程再造精要》第170页,中信出版社,2003
[41].王进华《流程打造执行力》片段合成版2009年12月
[42].姜晓燕,坚持可持续发展实现企业远景目标,江苏邮电报2010年5月3日
[43].罗锐韧《哈佛管理制度全集》 中华工商联合出版社1999年10月
[44].《改革公司-企业革命的宣言书》作者：迈克尔·哈默,詹姆斯·钱皮,上海译文出版社,1998[37].其中的“打破鸡蛋才能做蛋卷”是借用英语中的一句谚语：Omelets are not made without breaking of eggs.鸡蛋不打破,蛋卷做不成；不甘愿吃苦,则预期效果达不到。
[45].乔坤 马晓蕾 论案例研究法与实证研究法的结合 《管理案例研究与评论》2008年01期
[46]. Yin R K. Case Study Research:Design and Method [M]. London:Sage Publications,1994.