4G69汽油机台架标定试验研究
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摘要
汽车节能减排是我国汽车工业,甚至是全球汽车工业奋斗的方向。近几年,我国汽车工业得到了飞速的发展,随之而来的是能源紧张程度的不断加深,政府对环境保护的力度不断加大,加上发动机新技术的不断涌现,促使国内发动机市场竞争的加剧,使开发低排放、低油耗的新型发动机成为各家汽车企业的紧迫任务。汽车节能减排的发展趋势为发动机电喷行业带来巨大机遇,汽油机电喷技术属于汽车核心零部件技术,直接决定了汽油机的排放和综合性能水平。
本文以沈阳航天三菱汽车发动机有限公司生产的4G69(2.4L)汽油机为研究对象,就优化充气效率、点火提前角、空燃比及EGR率进行了试验研究。对标定后发动机的性能与4G64发动机的性能进行了比对试验研究,标定过的发动机经搭载整车后,进行整车油耗测试试验。试验结果表明：
(1)充气效率优化设定可避免混合气过浓或过稀,提高了发动机运行稳定性,对燃油经济性也有一定的贡献；
(2)空燃比优化设定对尾气排放、发动机的动力性和经济性都有很大的影响。同时,各工况下最佳空燃比能保证发动机排气温度控制在合适范围之内,可延长三效催化转换器的使用寿命；
(3)汽油机的点火提前角对发动机的性能影响巨大,点火过早或过迟都会直接影响汽油机的动力性、经济性和排放特性等性能；
(4)EGR率的优化设定是控制NOx排放技术的关键,能使NOx在各种不同工况下,控制在合适的范围内。
通过试验,分析了进气损失、排气损失及燃油品质等对发动机性能的影响,总结了能够满足发动机动力性,经济性的各项参数的合理设定方法,并提出了采用EGR控制NOx排放关键技术的应用要求。在实现整车厂对发动机要求的开发目标值的同时,满足了我国汽车燃油消耗量第二阶段限值标准的要求。
In recent years, with the rapid surge in automobile possessing capacity, automobile exhaust emissions and pollution is serious day by day, furthermore, the scarcity of resource in the world let automobile consumers bear great oil price pressure. Therefore, energy conservation and environmental protection have been the common focus of the manufacturers and the consumers, which means that the automobile companies must change the growth mode from extensive to intensive, accurate, economical type. In the future, energy conservation, consumption reduction, emission reduction will be the new standard in the automobile industry, the new threshold.
In the trend of automobile energy conservation,in order to meet increasingly stringent emissions and fuel consumption regulations, Geely Automobile Company decide to replace old engine in an SUV vehicle. Because the original 4G64-type engine applies single overhead camshaft, natural aspiration way, and the valve lift could not be changed, so it is hard to reach ideal distribution phase and optimal charge efficiency,and also improve fuel economy and power further. To this end, we develop 4G69 MIVEC gasoline engine to achieve to enhance engine power, improve fuel economy and emission characteristics, while meeting our current implementation emissions and fuel consumption regulations.
The Mitsubishi MIVEC variable valve timing mechanism are elaborated. In the low-medium speed, the valve lift difference is used to strengthen the swirling of the mixture, and improve the mixing homogeneity of the mixture. The small valve overlap can decrease internal EGR rate and improve low-speed combustion stability, thus improve fuel consumption and reduce emissions. At the same time, the low valve lift can reduce friction loss and the scavenging volume, so the charge efficiency is increased and the low-speed torque is raised in return. In the high-speed, the high valve lift and scavenging impulse improve the charge efficiency and engine power.
The engine bench test for performance evaluation is used to verify the factors affecting engine power, the results show that import and exhaust system optimization design optimization, rational distribution, can reduce the import and exhaust resistance and improve the engine's charge efficiency, then improve engine power performance. Ethanol gasoline has an small effect on engine power,and make contributions to reduce emissions significantly, engine can be used directly without needing major changes; In addition, the engine test bench is used to verify the factors affecting engine economy,the results show that strict control exhaust temperature, stable fuel supply pressure, is technical support to achieve to control air-fuel ratio precisely, thus improving fuel economy. Through the bench Verifying, measures are proposed to improve the engine power and economy, and prepared for engine bench calibration.
The specific requirements and workflow are given for the engine bench calibration optimize the important EMS system parameters such as charge efficiency, air-fuel ratio, ignition timing, EGR rate so that the 4G69 engine calibrated get a large power, low emission, low fuel consumption. Particularly optimization of EGR rate, NOx emissions are controlled effectively. After the data verified by vehicle test meet the requirements, then it can be fixed, the engine calibrated performance test show that the engine's low speed torque and high speed performance is improved clearly, fuel consumption get better and economic region get wider obviously. Finally, BYD company's vehicle fuel consumption test was carried out to verify the design project. The results show that the performance and fuel consumption reach the original development target, the vehicle equipped with the engine calibrated can meet the second-step limit of the standard for automobile fuel consumption.
The summary of the research for this thesis is as follows:
1)import and exhaust system optimization design, rational distribution, can reduce the import and exhaust resistance and improve the engine's charge efficiency, thus improve the engine's power;
2) MIVEC variable valve timing technology can improve the engine power in high speed region, while improving the engine fuel economy in low-medium speed region;
3) strict control exhaust temperature, stable fuel supply pressure, is technical support to achieve to control air-fuel ratio precisely, thus improving fuel economy;
4) through the EMS engine management system calibration, to meet high demand of the engine power, economy and emission characteristics, compared to 4G64 model, rated power and rated torque increased by 20% and 10% above;
5) the reasonable control of the EGR rate reduce NOx emissions by 30% or more in the engine feedback region, while improving fuel economy;
6) the engine bench test show that power and fuel consumption reach the original development target, in addition, the vehicle equipped with the engine calibrated can meet the second-step limit of the standard for automobile fuel consumption.
本文以沈阳航天三菱汽车发动机有限公司生产的4G69(2.4L)汽油机为研究对象,就优化充气效率、点火提前角、空燃比及EGR率进行了试验研究。对标定后发动机的性能与4G64发动机的性能进行了比对试验研究,标定过的发动机经搭载整车后,进行整车油耗测试试验。试验结果表明：
(1)充气效率优化设定可避免混合气过浓或过稀,提高了发动机运行稳定性,对燃油经济性也有一定的贡献；
(2)空燃比优化设定对尾气排放、发动机的动力性和经济性都有很大的影响。同时,各工况下最佳空燃比能保证发动机排气温度控制在合适范围之内,可延长三效催化转换器的使用寿命；
(3)汽油机的点火提前角对发动机的性能影响巨大,点火过早或过迟都会直接影响汽油机的动力性、经济性和排放特性等性能；
(4)EGR率的优化设定是控制NOx排放技术的关键,能使NOx在各种不同工况下,控制在合适的范围内。
通过试验,分析了进气损失、排气损失及燃油品质等对发动机性能的影响,总结了能够满足发动机动力性,经济性的各项参数的合理设定方法,并提出了采用EGR控制NOx排放关键技术的应用要求。在实现整车厂对发动机要求的开发目标值的同时,满足了我国汽车燃油消耗量第二阶段限值标准的要求。
In recent years, with the rapid surge in automobile possessing capacity, automobile exhaust emissions and pollution is serious day by day, furthermore, the scarcity of resource in the world let automobile consumers bear great oil price pressure. Therefore, energy conservation and environmental protection have been the common focus of the manufacturers and the consumers, which means that the automobile companies must change the growth mode from extensive to intensive, accurate, economical type. In the future, energy conservation, consumption reduction, emission reduction will be the new standard in the automobile industry, the new threshold.
In the trend of automobile energy conservation,in order to meet increasingly stringent emissions and fuel consumption regulations, Geely Automobile Company decide to replace old engine in an SUV vehicle. Because the original 4G64-type engine applies single overhead camshaft, natural aspiration way, and the valve lift could not be changed, so it is hard to reach ideal distribution phase and optimal charge efficiency,and also improve fuel economy and power further. To this end, we develop 4G69 MIVEC gasoline engine to achieve to enhance engine power, improve fuel economy and emission characteristics, while meeting our current implementation emissions and fuel consumption regulations.
The Mitsubishi MIVEC variable valve timing mechanism are elaborated. In the low-medium speed, the valve lift difference is used to strengthen the swirling of the mixture, and improve the mixing homogeneity of the mixture. The small valve overlap can decrease internal EGR rate and improve low-speed combustion stability, thus improve fuel consumption and reduce emissions. At the same time, the low valve lift can reduce friction loss and the scavenging volume, so the charge efficiency is increased and the low-speed torque is raised in return. In the high-speed, the high valve lift and scavenging impulse improve the charge efficiency and engine power.
The engine bench test for performance evaluation is used to verify the factors affecting engine power, the results show that import and exhaust system optimization design optimization, rational distribution, can reduce the import and exhaust resistance and improve the engine's charge efficiency, then improve engine power performance. Ethanol gasoline has an small effect on engine power,and make contributions to reduce emissions significantly, engine can be used directly without needing major changes; In addition, the engine test bench is used to verify the factors affecting engine economy,the results show that strict control exhaust temperature, stable fuel supply pressure, is technical support to achieve to control air-fuel ratio precisely, thus improving fuel economy. Through the bench Verifying, measures are proposed to improve the engine power and economy, and prepared for engine bench calibration.
The specific requirements and workflow are given for the engine bench calibration optimize the important EMS system parameters such as charge efficiency, air-fuel ratio, ignition timing, EGR rate so that the 4G69 engine calibrated get a large power, low emission, low fuel consumption. Particularly optimization of EGR rate, NOx emissions are controlled effectively. After the data verified by vehicle test meet the requirements, then it can be fixed, the engine calibrated performance test show that the engine's low speed torque and high speed performance is improved clearly, fuel consumption get better and economic region get wider obviously. Finally, BYD company's vehicle fuel consumption test was carried out to verify the design project. The results show that the performance and fuel consumption reach the original development target, the vehicle equipped with the engine calibrated can meet the second-step limit of the standard for automobile fuel consumption.
The summary of the research for this thesis is as follows:
1)import and exhaust system optimization design, rational distribution, can reduce the import and exhaust resistance and improve the engine's charge efficiency, thus improve the engine's power;
2) MIVEC variable valve timing technology can improve the engine power in high speed region, while improving the engine fuel economy in low-medium speed region;
3) strict control exhaust temperature, stable fuel supply pressure, is technical support to achieve to control air-fuel ratio precisely, thus improving fuel economy;
4) through the EMS engine management system calibration, to meet high demand of the engine power, economy and emission characteristics, compared to 4G64 model, rated power and rated torque increased by 20% and 10% above;
5) the reasonable control of the EGR rate reduce NOx emissions by 30% or more in the engine feedback region, while improving fuel economy;
6) the engine bench test show that power and fuel consumption reach the original development target, in addition, the vehicle equipped with the engine calibrated can meet the second-step limit of the standard for automobile fuel consumption.
引文
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