基于混合动力汽车复合电源及能量回馈研究
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摘要
随着世界经济的不断发展,能源和环境等方面的问题日益突出,混合动力汽车成为这时代汽车行业中的主旋律,因此得到各国政府和汽车生产商的高度重视。随着混合动力汽车的不断研究和开发,动力电池功率不足的瓶颈问题极大的制约着混合动力汽车的发展。
混合动力汽车可以大幅度地降低燃油消耗、减少汽车排放,特别适合中国大城市交通普遍拥堵,汽车频繁制动的交通工况。超级电容能在短时间内提供和吸收大的功率,而且能量回收效率高、充放电次数高、循环寿命长、工作温度区域宽;其使用的基础材料价格也很便宜,适合频繁加速和减速的城市交通工况,但超级电容只能储存少量的能量。电池有储存大能量的能力,但功率输出较低,不能进行大电流充放电,决定了电池不能在短时间内提供大功率。将超级电容与蓄电池结合起来使用,由蓄电池提供整车运行期间电机需求的平均电功率,而超级电容则提供电机需求的峰值功率,这样可以充分发挥蓄电池比能量大和超级电容比功率高的优势。
本文以复合电源为研究对象,在介绍了复合电源的结构和基本原理的基础上,分析了混合动力汽车铅酸蓄电池和超级电容的工作原理和充放电特性,对混合动力汽车铅酸蓄电池能源系统参数和制动时超级电容参数进行了研究,在复合电源双向DC/DC变换器工作原理的基础上,对其参数进行了设计,设计了变换器的软硬件。制定了复合电源的三种控制策略,并对控制策略进行优化,最后,对其中两种优化后的控制策略进行模拟仿真,比较相同工况下,哪种控制策略更优。
With the continuous development of world economy, energy and environment issues have become increasingly prominent, hybrid vehicles became the main theme of the times in the automotive industry, so the governments and car manufacturers are highly valued. As hybrid vehicles continue to research and development, lack of battery power bottlenecks greatly restricted the development of hybrid vehicles.
Hybrid vehicles can dramatically reduce fuel consumption and reduce vehicle emissions, especially suitable for general congestion in big cities, the conditions of car frequent braking. Super capacitors can provide and absorb large power in a short time, high efficiency energy recovery, high charge and discharge times, long cycle life, wide operating temperature; its use based on material prices are also very cheap, for the frequent acceleration and deceleration urban traffic conditions, but the super-capacitor can only store a small amount of energy. Battery have the capacity of storage large energy, but the output power is low, high current charge and discharge can not be determined that the battery can provide power in a short time. Super capacitor and battery will be used in combination, during the operation by the motor vehicle battery to provide the average electric power demand, while the super capacitor provides the peak electrical demand for power, this can give full play to the battery than the energy of large and super-capacitor high specific power advantages.
Hybrid power as the research object in this paper, in introducing the composite structure and the basic principles of power based on the analysis of a hybrid electric vehicle lead-acid battery and super capacitor charging and discharging the working principle and characteristics of lead-acid batteries for hybrid electric vehicle energy systems super capacitor parameters and braking parameters were studied in a two-way hybrid power DC / DC converter based on the principle of its design parameters, design of the converter hardware and software. Developed a composite of three power control strategy, and control strategy optimization, and finally, on two of the optimized control strategy simulation to compare the same operating conditions, which control strategy is better.
混合动力汽车可以大幅度地降低燃油消耗、减少汽车排放,特别适合中国大城市交通普遍拥堵,汽车频繁制动的交通工况。超级电容能在短时间内提供和吸收大的功率,而且能量回收效率高、充放电次数高、循环寿命长、工作温度区域宽;其使用的基础材料价格也很便宜,适合频繁加速和减速的城市交通工况,但超级电容只能储存少量的能量。电池有储存大能量的能力,但功率输出较低,不能进行大电流充放电,决定了电池不能在短时间内提供大功率。将超级电容与蓄电池结合起来使用,由蓄电池提供整车运行期间电机需求的平均电功率,而超级电容则提供电机需求的峰值功率,这样可以充分发挥蓄电池比能量大和超级电容比功率高的优势。
本文以复合电源为研究对象,在介绍了复合电源的结构和基本原理的基础上,分析了混合动力汽车铅酸蓄电池和超级电容的工作原理和充放电特性,对混合动力汽车铅酸蓄电池能源系统参数和制动时超级电容参数进行了研究,在复合电源双向DC/DC变换器工作原理的基础上,对其参数进行了设计,设计了变换器的软硬件。制定了复合电源的三种控制策略,并对控制策略进行优化,最后,对其中两种优化后的控制策略进行模拟仿真,比较相同工况下,哪种控制策略更优。
With the continuous development of world economy, energy and environment issues have become increasingly prominent, hybrid vehicles became the main theme of the times in the automotive industry, so the governments and car manufacturers are highly valued. As hybrid vehicles continue to research and development, lack of battery power bottlenecks greatly restricted the development of hybrid vehicles.
Hybrid vehicles can dramatically reduce fuel consumption and reduce vehicle emissions, especially suitable for general congestion in big cities, the conditions of car frequent braking. Super capacitors can provide and absorb large power in a short time, high efficiency energy recovery, high charge and discharge times, long cycle life, wide operating temperature; its use based on material prices are also very cheap, for the frequent acceleration and deceleration urban traffic conditions, but the super-capacitor can only store a small amount of energy. Battery have the capacity of storage large energy, but the output power is low, high current charge and discharge can not be determined that the battery can provide power in a short time. Super capacitor and battery will be used in combination, during the operation by the motor vehicle battery to provide the average electric power demand, while the super capacitor provides the peak electrical demand for power, this can give full play to the battery than the energy of large and super-capacitor high specific power advantages.
Hybrid power as the research object in this paper, in introducing the composite structure and the basic principles of power based on the analysis of a hybrid electric vehicle lead-acid battery and super capacitor charging and discharging the working principle and characteristics of lead-acid batteries for hybrid electric vehicle energy systems super capacitor parameters and braking parameters were studied in a two-way hybrid power DC / DC converter based on the principle of its design parameters, design of the converter hardware and software. Developed a composite of three power control strategy, and control strategy optimization, and finally, on two of the optimized control strategy simulation to compare the same operating conditions, which control strategy is better.
引文
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[3]方丹.混合动力电动汽车的系统设计与仿真[D].西北工业大学硕士论文.2004.
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[35]]张宜楠,胡树清,高比功率复合电源,电源技术.Vol.26 No.5.
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[38]金启前,红旗混合动力轿车动力总成匹配及控制系统研究[D].吉林大学硕士学位论文.
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[42]Matthew Zolot,Tony Markel,Ahmad Pesaran,Analysis of Fuel Cell VehicleHybridization and Implications for Energy Storage Devices,4th AdvanceAutomotive Battery Conference San Francisco,CA,June2-4,2004
[43]邓亚东,高海鸥,王仲范.并联式混合动力电动汽车控制策略研究[J]武汉大学学报(工学版).2004(03):139-144.
[44]吴彤峰,谢冰,邓文娟.PHEV模糊逻辑驱动控制策略模块开发[J].重庆工学院学报(自然科学版).2008(04):8-11.
[45]朱成花,张方华,严仰光.两端稳压软开关双向BUCK/BOOST变换器研究[J].南京航空航天大学学报.2004(02):226-230.
[46]夏超英,刘奎,郭熠.电动汽车用全数字双向DC/DC变换器的实现[J].电力电子技术2006(01):70-72.
[47]韩明武,黄军,杨世彦.超级电容电动公交车用双向直流驱动器的设计[J].电力电子技术.2006(01):52-54.
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[2]张淼.混合动力电动汽车复合电源设计与控制策略的研究[D].江苏大学硕士论文.2009.
[3]方丹.混合动力电动汽车的系统设计与仿真[D].西北工业大学硕士论文.2004.
[4]张好明.PHEV复合电源及Halbach永磁同步电机驱动技术的研究[D].江苏大学博士论文.2009.
[5]王保华.混合动力城市客车控制策略与试验研究[D].上海交通大学博士论文.2009.
[6]裘著永.混合动力电动汽车控制策略的仿真研究及优化[D].合肥工业大学硕士论文.2005.
[7]刘金玲.并联混合动力客车控制策略研究[D].清华大学硕士论文.2004.
[8]胡庆波.混合动力汽车驱动的电功率管理研究[D].浙江大学博士论文.2007.
[9]李晶晶.燃料电池与超级电容器混合驱动系统的研究与仿真[D].武汉理工大学硕士论文.2006.
[10]ARNET B J,HAINES L P.High power DC-to-DC converter for supercapacitors:Proceedings of the International Electric Machines and Drives Conference[C].Cambridge:International Electric Machines and Drives Conference,2001:985-990.
[11]TSENG K C,LIANG T J.Novel high-efficiency step-up converter[J].IEEE Electric Power Applications,2004,151(2):182-190.
[12]Moghbelli Hassan,Niasar Abolfazl Halvaei,Langari Reza.New generation of passenger vehicles:FCV orHEV?[C].ICIT2006:452-459.
[13]Yimin Gan,Khwaja M.Rahrnan,and Mehrdad Ehsani.The Energy FlowManagement and Battery Energyt Capacity Determination for the Drive Train of Electiaclly Peaking Hybrid Vehicle [A].SAE 972647,1997.
[14]Mastragostino M,Soavi F.Strategies for high-performance supercapacitors for HEV[J].Journal of Power Sources.2007(174):89-93..
[15] Liyong Niu,Jiuchun Jiang,Xin Zhang.A study on battery management system of NI-MH battery packs for hybrid electric vehicle applications[C].PECon 2006:p30-33.
[16]Stewart Sarah GSrinivasan Venkat,Newman John.Modeling the performance of lithium-ion batteries and capacitors during hybrid-electric-vehicle operation [J].Journal of the Electrochemical Socirty.2008(09):A664-A671.
[17]Cai C.H.,Du D.,Liu Z.Y. .Battery state-of-charge(SOC)estimation using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS)[C].IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems 2003:1068-1073.
[18]Dai Haifeng,Sun Zechang,Wei Xuezhe.Online SOC estimation of high-power lithium-ion batteries used on HEVs[C].ICVES2006:342-347.
[19]Wang Lifang,Hu Yunfei,Liao Chenglin.Resrarch on SOC estimation of NiMH batteries in hybrid electric vehicles based on improves Thevenin model[J].Gaojishu Tongxin/Chinese High Technology Letters2008(09):948-952.
[20]hicurel.Ricardo.Compromise Solution for Energy Recovery in Vehicle Braking[J]. Energy.l999(12):1029-1034.
[21]Norio Nakzawa,Yoichiro Kono,Eijiro Takao.and Nobuaki Takeda.Development of a Braking Energy Regeneration System for City Buses[C].SAE872265.1987:174-186.
[22]M.A.Pichot,J.M.Kramer,R.C.Thompson etc.Flywheel Energy Storage System [J].AutomotiveEngineering.2001(206):105-108.
[23]Fu Xiong Xin,Xie Xiaopeng.The control strategy of flywheel battery for electric vehicles[C].ICCA2007:492-496.
[24]Juanhua Wang,Jiancheng Zhang,Yun Zhong.Stedy on a Super Capacitor Energy Storage System for Inproving the Operating Stability of Distributed Generation System[C] .DRPT2008:2702-2707.
[25]Li Nan,Zhang Jiancheng,Zhong Yun.A novel charging control scheme for super capacitor energy storage in photovoltaic generation system[C],DRPT2008:2671-2675.
[26]Yamashita Koichi,Yomida Takeo,Matsuse Kouki.Performance of the inverter with the super capacitor for vector controlled induction motor drives[C].IECON 2006:946-951
[27]Cheng Yonghua,Van Mierlo Joeri,Van Den Bossche Peter etc.Using super capacitor based energy storage to improve power quality in distributed power generation[C].EPE-PEMC2006:537-543.
[28]Yu Yuan-Bin,Wang Qing-Nian.edevelopment of HEV simulation software based on advisor for HEV with synergic electric power supply system[J].Jilin Daxue Xuebao(Gongxueban)/Journal of Jilin University(Engineering and Technology Edition).2005(35):353-357.
[29]Zhang Haoming,Sun Yukun,Ding Shenping etc.Application of super capacitor with full-digital converter in hybrid electric vehicle energy transmission system[C].CCC2008:212-215.
[30]Barrade P,Pittet S,Rufer A.Energy storage system using a series connection of supercapacitors with an active device device for equalizing the voltages [C].IPEC2000::3-7.
[31]V.H.Johnson,K.B.Wipke.HEV Control Strategy for Real-Time Optimization of Fuel Economy and Emissions[C].SAE2000:1534-1538.
[32]熊奇,唐冬汉,超级电容器在混合电动车上的研究发展,中山大学学报(自然科学报)2003年6月第42卷.
[33]程夕明,孙逢春.电动汽车能量存储技术概况.电源技术VOL.25 No.1.
[34]张洁萍,张逸成,姚勇涛,燃料电池电动汽车用DC/DC变换器方案,低压电器(2002NO.5).
[35]]张宜楠,胡树清,高比功率复合电源,电源技术.Vol.26 No.5.
[36]Nobuyuki Kasuga,et al.Ultra-capacitor and battery hybrid EV with high efficiency battery load leveling system 1998;EVS-15.
[37]A.Di Napoli G.Pede Hybrid Storage System:An Optimization Case SAE2002-01-1914 2002 Future Car Congress Arlington,Virginia June 3-5,2002.
[38]金启前,红旗混合动力轿车动力总成匹配及控制系统研究[D].吉林大学硕士学位论文.
[39]王宝瑛,曹秉刚,白志峰.电动汽车用DC/DC变换器模糊控制的研究[J].机械.2005(06):53-55.
[40]曾小华,王庆年,李骏等.基于ADVISOR2002混合动力汽车控制策略模块开发[J].汽车工程.2004(04):394-396.[41]刘文杰,舒红,袁景敏等.基于ADVISOR的混联型混合动力汽车研究[J].重庆科技学报(自然科学版).2007(02):37-40.
[42]Matthew Zolot,Tony Markel,Ahmad Pesaran,Analysis of Fuel Cell VehicleHybridization and Implications for Energy Storage Devices,4th AdvanceAutomotive Battery Conference San Francisco,CA,June2-4,2004
[43]邓亚东,高海鸥,王仲范.并联式混合动力电动汽车控制策略研究[J]武汉大学学报(工学版).2004(03):139-144.
[44]吴彤峰,谢冰,邓文娟.PHEV模糊逻辑驱动控制策略模块开发[J].重庆工学院学报(自然科学版).2008(04):8-11.
[45]朱成花,张方华,严仰光.两端稳压软开关双向BUCK/BOOST变换器研究[J].南京航空航天大学学报.2004(02):226-230.
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