HLS II储存环数字逐束团反馈系统的研制
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摘要
合肥同步辐射光源(HLS)在运行中不断改进发展,所追求的目标一直未变,概括为：让光源“更亮,更强,更稳定”。为了获得更高流强和更高的亮度,合肥光源的电子储存环多采用多束团运行模式,但束团之间会通过尾场相互作用,产生耦合束团不稳定性(Coupled-bunch Instabilities)。当耦合束团不稳定性较强时,会降低束流品质,使光源亮度变小,限制束流流强的进一步提高,影响光源质量,甚至会造成束流丢失的严重后果。抑制束流不稳定性最有效的办法就是采用束流反馈技术,随着电子技术的高速发展,具有灵活、高效、简洁和可编程性等优点的数字反馈系统逐步取代模拟反馈系统成为发展潮流。
自2010年至2014年,合肥光源进行了重大维修改造项目(简称HLSⅡ),为了改善束流轨道稳定性,实现高流强下稳定运行,我们研制了一套数字逐束团反馈系统,系统包含横向和纵向反馈两个子系统,分别用来抑制横向和纵向耦合束团不稳定性,是HLSⅡ中束流测量系统的重要组成部分。
在本文中,我们首先简单介绍了电子储存环中束流运动的一些基本知识,对束流横向和纵向运动规律做了简明阐述。并在此基础上分析了耦合束团不稳定性的束流信号频谱。接下来全面讲述了数字逐束团反馈系统的相关理论和系统组成。最后分别详细介绍了HLSⅡ纵向和横向数字逐束团反馈系统及相关实验。
在HLSⅡ的储存环中,依然存在着非常严重的束流纵向不稳定性,此前我们是没有有效抑制手段的,这套全新的纵向数字逐束团反馈系统将彻底改变这一现状,其中的纵向反馈激励器是国内第一个自主设计并正式用于实际工程的纵向反馈腔式激励器,文中给出了详细的设计和测试过程。本文详细介绍了这套纵向反馈系统和相关在线实验研究。
合肥光源曾先后研制了两套横向逐束团反馈系统,一套模拟系统和一套数字系统,均取得了不错的反馈效果。在HLSⅡ重大维修改造工程中,设计建造了新的电子储存环,启用了新的物理参数,我们在原先的基础上研制一套新的横向数字逐束团反馈系统来抑制横向耦合束团不稳定性,用一个横向反馈激励器完成水平和垂直两个方向的反馈。HLSⅡ储存环实现了Top-off注入,水平反馈系统能有效阻尼凸轨注入引起的残余振荡,降低频繁注入对用户实验的影响。此外,横向数字逐束团反馈系统还能在几乎不扰动束流的情况下测量β振荡的Tune值。
由于HLS Ⅱ的储存环现在仍然在调试中,给我们的实验时间有限,只进行了一些初步的反馈实验研究,未来还有很多工作需要深入开展。
本课题由国家自然科学基金项目(11175173,11005105)和合肥光源重大维修改造项目支持。
The development of the Hefei Light Source has never stopped during the operation. And the aim we pursue has remained the same, summarized as follows:let the light source "brighter, stronger and more stable". In order to obtain the higher current and brightness, the HLS requires the storage of intense electron beam with many bunches, but the interaction between the adjacent bunches by the wake field can give rise to collective effects called "coupled-bunch instabilities". The coupled-bunch instabilities produce the growth of the beam oscillation. If the growth is stronger than the damping the oscillation becomes unstable. The severe coupled-bunch instabilities can reduce the brightness, degrade the beam quality and even'cause beam loss. The beam feedback system is the most effective approach to suppress the coupled-bunch instabilities. With the rapid development of electronic technique, the digital feedback systems have more and more advantages like flexible, efficient, simple and programmable, and gradually replace analog feedback systems to become the new trend.
From2010to2014, the Hefei Light Source undergoes a great maintenance and upgrade project (HLS II). In order to improve the stability of the beam orbit to operate steadily at high current situation, we develop a set of longitudinal and transverse digital bunch-by-bunch feedback systems which is an important part of the HLS II to cure the transverse and longitudinal coupled-bunch instabilities
Firstly, we briefly introduce some basic knowledge of the beam transverse and longitudinal movements in the storage ring. Then we analyze the spectrum characteristics of the beam signal when the coupled-bunch instabilities occur. In the following part of the paper, we give an account of the theory and the composition of the digital bunch-by-bunch feedback system. At the end, we respectively describe the longitudinal and transverse digital feedback system and experiments at HLS II in detail.
The severe longitudinal coupled-bunch instabilities also exist in the HLS II storage ring, and we have no effective action to suppress them before the implementation of the longitudinal digital bunch-by-bunch feedback system. The longitudinal feedback kicker used in this system is the first longitudinal cavity-type feedback kicker which is carried out by the domestic independent design and used in the actual storage ring. This paper detailedly describes the design and the test measurements of the longitudinal kicker and the commissioning and experiments of the whole longitudinal feedback system.
In the old storage ring of the HLS, two sets of transverse bunch-by-bunch feedback systems have been developed by our researchers, one of them is an analogy system and another one is a digital system. But in the HLS II, a new storage ring with some new physical parameters makes us develop a new transverse digital feedback system. Because of the space limitation, we use only one transverse stripline kicker to accomplish both of the horizontal and vertical feedback. The top-off injection has been realized in the HLS II storage ring, and the horizontal feedback system can damp the residual oscillation caused by the bump injection efficiently to reduce the perturbation of the users' experiments. In addition, the transverse digital bunch-by-bunch feedback system can measure the betatron Tune without affecting the users' experimental activities.
We have no enough time to do more experiments and just obtain some preliminary experimental results because the HLS II storage ring is still on commissioning. A lot of work must to be done to deepen the research of the digital bunch-by-bunch feedback systems in the future.
This work is supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (11175173,11005105) and the HLS major maintenance and reconstruction project.
自2010年至2014年,合肥光源进行了重大维修改造项目(简称HLSⅡ),为了改善束流轨道稳定性,实现高流强下稳定运行,我们研制了一套数字逐束团反馈系统,系统包含横向和纵向反馈两个子系统,分别用来抑制横向和纵向耦合束团不稳定性,是HLSⅡ中束流测量系统的重要组成部分。
在本文中,我们首先简单介绍了电子储存环中束流运动的一些基本知识,对束流横向和纵向运动规律做了简明阐述。并在此基础上分析了耦合束团不稳定性的束流信号频谱。接下来全面讲述了数字逐束团反馈系统的相关理论和系统组成。最后分别详细介绍了HLSⅡ纵向和横向数字逐束团反馈系统及相关实验。
在HLSⅡ的储存环中,依然存在着非常严重的束流纵向不稳定性,此前我们是没有有效抑制手段的,这套全新的纵向数字逐束团反馈系统将彻底改变这一现状,其中的纵向反馈激励器是国内第一个自主设计并正式用于实际工程的纵向反馈腔式激励器,文中给出了详细的设计和测试过程。本文详细介绍了这套纵向反馈系统和相关在线实验研究。
合肥光源曾先后研制了两套横向逐束团反馈系统,一套模拟系统和一套数字系统,均取得了不错的反馈效果。在HLSⅡ重大维修改造工程中,设计建造了新的电子储存环,启用了新的物理参数,我们在原先的基础上研制一套新的横向数字逐束团反馈系统来抑制横向耦合束团不稳定性,用一个横向反馈激励器完成水平和垂直两个方向的反馈。HLSⅡ储存环实现了Top-off注入,水平反馈系统能有效阻尼凸轨注入引起的残余振荡,降低频繁注入对用户实验的影响。此外,横向数字逐束团反馈系统还能在几乎不扰动束流的情况下测量β振荡的Tune值。
由于HLS Ⅱ的储存环现在仍然在调试中,给我们的实验时间有限,只进行了一些初步的反馈实验研究,未来还有很多工作需要深入开展。
本课题由国家自然科学基金项目(11175173,11005105)和合肥光源重大维修改造项目支持。
The development of the Hefei Light Source has never stopped during the operation. And the aim we pursue has remained the same, summarized as follows:let the light source "brighter, stronger and more stable". In order to obtain the higher current and brightness, the HLS requires the storage of intense electron beam with many bunches, but the interaction between the adjacent bunches by the wake field can give rise to collective effects called "coupled-bunch instabilities". The coupled-bunch instabilities produce the growth of the beam oscillation. If the growth is stronger than the damping the oscillation becomes unstable. The severe coupled-bunch instabilities can reduce the brightness, degrade the beam quality and even'cause beam loss. The beam feedback system is the most effective approach to suppress the coupled-bunch instabilities. With the rapid development of electronic technique, the digital feedback systems have more and more advantages like flexible, efficient, simple and programmable, and gradually replace analog feedback systems to become the new trend.
From2010to2014, the Hefei Light Source undergoes a great maintenance and upgrade project (HLS II). In order to improve the stability of the beam orbit to operate steadily at high current situation, we develop a set of longitudinal and transverse digital bunch-by-bunch feedback systems which is an important part of the HLS II to cure the transverse and longitudinal coupled-bunch instabilities
Firstly, we briefly introduce some basic knowledge of the beam transverse and longitudinal movements in the storage ring. Then we analyze the spectrum characteristics of the beam signal when the coupled-bunch instabilities occur. In the following part of the paper, we give an account of the theory and the composition of the digital bunch-by-bunch feedback system. At the end, we respectively describe the longitudinal and transverse digital feedback system and experiments at HLS II in detail.
The severe longitudinal coupled-bunch instabilities also exist in the HLS II storage ring, and we have no effective action to suppress them before the implementation of the longitudinal digital bunch-by-bunch feedback system. The longitudinal feedback kicker used in this system is the first longitudinal cavity-type feedback kicker which is carried out by the domestic independent design and used in the actual storage ring. This paper detailedly describes the design and the test measurements of the longitudinal kicker and the commissioning and experiments of the whole longitudinal feedback system.
In the old storage ring of the HLS, two sets of transverse bunch-by-bunch feedback systems have been developed by our researchers, one of them is an analogy system and another one is a digital system. But in the HLS II, a new storage ring with some new physical parameters makes us develop a new transverse digital feedback system. Because of the space limitation, we use only one transverse stripline kicker to accomplish both of the horizontal and vertical feedback. The top-off injection has been realized in the HLS II storage ring, and the horizontal feedback system can damp the residual oscillation caused by the bump injection efficiently to reduce the perturbation of the users' experiments. In addition, the transverse digital bunch-by-bunch feedback system can measure the betatron Tune without affecting the users' experimental activities.
We have no enough time to do more experiments and just obtain some preliminary experimental results because the HLS II storage ring is still on commissioning. A lot of work must to be done to deepen the research of the digital bunch-by-bunch feedback systems in the future.
This work is supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (11175173,11005105) and the HLS major maintenance and reconstruction project.
引文
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