在外加电解质对煤沥青水浆性质的影响及规律研究
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摘要
煤沥青是煤焦油蒸馏提取馏分后的残留物,约占煤焦油的50%～60%,除用于制备电极沥青、道路沥青和建筑材料防腐外,还可用作燃料。以煤沥青粉为原料,借鉴成熟的水煤浆和油煤浆技术而开发的煤沥青水浆和煤沥青油浆是新型的浆体燃料。
本文主要内容包括:(1)在煤沥青水浆制备过程中分别加入NaCl、CaCl2、AlCl3、Na2SO4、Na3PO4,研究外加电解质对煤沥青水浆的性质、分散剂在煤沥青表面的吸附特性和煤沥青表面的电化学性质的影响;(2)以煤沥青粉和重油为原料,研究煤沥青油浆的制备及影响规律。
对于按级配1和级配2制得的煤沥青水浆,随Na3PO4溶液浓度的增大,煤沥青水浆的表观粘度一直呈上升趋势;对于按级配1制得的煤沥青水浆,随AlCl3和Na2SO4溶液浓度的增大,煤沥青水浆的表观粘度呈先下降后上升的趋势;其余情况下,煤沥青水浆的表观粘度均呈先上升后下降的趋势。对于按级配1和级配2制得的煤沥青水浆,电解质的加入都可使浆体的流变性和稳定性得到提高。从总体趋势分析,不论有无外加电解质,按级配2制得的煤沥青水浆的成浆性,流变性和稳定性均好于相应的按级配1制得的煤沥青水浆。
随着分散剂浓度的增加,分散剂在煤沥青表面的吸附量增大到最大值后呈缓慢下降趋势。对于级配1的煤沥青粉,NaCl、CaCl2、AlCl3的加入都可使分散剂在煤沥青表面的吸附量增大,且三者的影响依次增强;Na2SO4、Na3PO4的加入均使分散剂在煤沥青表面的吸附量先增大后减小。对于级配2的煤沥青粉,NaCl的加入使分散剂在煤沥青表面的吸附量减小;Na2SO4的加入使分散剂在煤沥青表面的吸附量增大;CaCl2、AlCl3、Na3PO4的加入均使分散剂在煤沥青表面的吸附量先增大后减小。不论有无外加电解质,分散剂在级配2煤沥青粉表面的吸附量大于级配1。
随着分散剂浓度的增加,煤沥青表面的Zeta电位增大到最大值后呈缓慢下降趋势。外加电解质对煤沥青表面Zeta电位的影响规律与对煤沥青水浆表观粘度的影响规律相反。
煤沥青油浆的表观粘度和恩氏粘度都随着温度的升高而降低。对于表观粘度和恩氏粘度,在温度较低时,浓度对粘度的影响较大;而在温度较高时,浓度对粘度的影响较小。煤沥青粉添加量对煤沥青油浆的流变性影响不大,总体上接近于牛顿流体的流变行为;仅当煤沥青粉添加量为14%和16%时,煤沥青油浆呈现一定的“剪切稀化”流变行为。随着煤沥青粉添加量的增加,煤沥青油浆的低位发热量呈先减小后增大的趋势,当煤沥青粉添加量达到14%和16%时,煤沥青油浆的低位发热量较180#重油的低位发热量高。
Coal pitch is the residue of coal-tar distillation, and is about 50%～60% of coal-tar. It also can be used as fuel besides preparing electrode pitch, road pitch and antisepsis of building materials. Using medium temperature coal pitch as raw material, coal pitch water slurry (CPWS) developed from coal water slurry and coal pitch oil slurry (CPOS) developed from coal oil slurry are new slurry fuel.
In this paper, effects of electrolytes (NaCl, CaCl2, AlCl3, Na2SO4 , Na3PO4) on the properties of CPWS, the dispersant adsorption amount on the surface of coal pitch, and the Zeta potential of coal pitch surface were studied. Preparation and influence law of CPOS prepared with coal pitch powder and heavy oil were also studied.
For powder of gradation 1 and gradation 2, the apparent viscosity of CPWS increases with increasing the concentration of Na3PO4; for powder of gradation 1, the apparent viscosity decreases and then increases with increasing the concentration of AlCl3 and Na2SO4; the apparent viscosity increases and then decreases under other circumstance. For powder of gradation 1 and gradation 2, the rheological behavior and stability of CPWS improve when the electrolyte is added to the CPWS. As a whole, the slurry ability, the rheological behavior and the stability of CPWS prepared by powder of gradation 2 is respectively better than that of powder of gradation 1 with or without the electrolyte.
The dispersant adsorption amount on the surface of coal pitch increases to the maximum and then decreases slowly with increasing the dispersant content. For powder of gradation 1, the adsorption amount of dispersant increases on the surface of coal pitch when NaCl, CaCl2 and AlCl3 is respectively added to the CPWS and the effect of three electrolytes increases in turn. The adsorption amount of dispersant increases and then decreases on the surface of coal pitch when Na2SO4 and Na3PO4 is respectively added to the CPWS. For powder of gradation 2, the adsorption amount of dispersant decreases when NaCl is added to the CPWS, the adsorption amount of dispersant increases when Na2SO4 is added to the CPWS, and the adsorption amount of dispersant increases and then decreases when CaCl2, AlCl3 and Na3PO4 is respectively added to the CPWS. The dispersant adsorption amount on the surface of powder of gradation 2 is more than that of powder of gradation 1 with or without the electrolyte.
The Zeta potential of coal pitch surface increases to the maximum and then decreases slowly with increasing the dispersant content. The influence law of electrolytes on the Zeta potential of coal pitch surface is opposite to that of electrolytes on the apparent viscosity of CPWS.
Both the apparent viscosity and Engler viscosity of the CPOS decrease with the increase of temperature. For both kinds of viscosity of the CPOS, the value at lower temperature changes more and changes less at higher temperature with the change of coal pitch content. As a whole, coal pitch content has little effect on the rheological behavior of the CPOS, and the CPOS shows Newton fluid behavior. The CPOS shows shear-thinning characteristics only when coal pitch content is 14% and 16%. Net calorific value of CPOS decreases and then increases with the increase of coal pitch content. Net calorific value of CPOS is bigger than that of 180# heavy oil when coal pitch content is 14% and 16%.
本文主要内容包括:(1)在煤沥青水浆制备过程中分别加入NaCl、CaCl2、AlCl3、Na2SO4、Na3PO4,研究外加电解质对煤沥青水浆的性质、分散剂在煤沥青表面的吸附特性和煤沥青表面的电化学性质的影响;(2)以煤沥青粉和重油为原料,研究煤沥青油浆的制备及影响规律。
对于按级配1和级配2制得的煤沥青水浆,随Na3PO4溶液浓度的增大,煤沥青水浆的表观粘度一直呈上升趋势;对于按级配1制得的煤沥青水浆,随AlCl3和Na2SO4溶液浓度的增大,煤沥青水浆的表观粘度呈先下降后上升的趋势;其余情况下,煤沥青水浆的表观粘度均呈先上升后下降的趋势。对于按级配1和级配2制得的煤沥青水浆,电解质的加入都可使浆体的流变性和稳定性得到提高。从总体趋势分析,不论有无外加电解质,按级配2制得的煤沥青水浆的成浆性,流变性和稳定性均好于相应的按级配1制得的煤沥青水浆。
随着分散剂浓度的增加,分散剂在煤沥青表面的吸附量增大到最大值后呈缓慢下降趋势。对于级配1的煤沥青粉,NaCl、CaCl2、AlCl3的加入都可使分散剂在煤沥青表面的吸附量增大,且三者的影响依次增强;Na2SO4、Na3PO4的加入均使分散剂在煤沥青表面的吸附量先增大后减小。对于级配2的煤沥青粉,NaCl的加入使分散剂在煤沥青表面的吸附量减小;Na2SO4的加入使分散剂在煤沥青表面的吸附量增大;CaCl2、AlCl3、Na3PO4的加入均使分散剂在煤沥青表面的吸附量先增大后减小。不论有无外加电解质,分散剂在级配2煤沥青粉表面的吸附量大于级配1。
随着分散剂浓度的增加,煤沥青表面的Zeta电位增大到最大值后呈缓慢下降趋势。外加电解质对煤沥青表面Zeta电位的影响规律与对煤沥青水浆表观粘度的影响规律相反。
煤沥青油浆的表观粘度和恩氏粘度都随着温度的升高而降低。对于表观粘度和恩氏粘度,在温度较低时,浓度对粘度的影响较大;而在温度较高时,浓度对粘度的影响较小。煤沥青粉添加量对煤沥青油浆的流变性影响不大,总体上接近于牛顿流体的流变行为;仅当煤沥青粉添加量为14%和16%时,煤沥青油浆呈现一定的“剪切稀化”流变行为。随着煤沥青粉添加量的增加,煤沥青油浆的低位发热量呈先减小后增大的趋势,当煤沥青粉添加量达到14%和16%时,煤沥青油浆的低位发热量较180#重油的低位发热量高。
Coal pitch is the residue of coal-tar distillation, and is about 50%～60% of coal-tar. It also can be used as fuel besides preparing electrode pitch, road pitch and antisepsis of building materials. Using medium temperature coal pitch as raw material, coal pitch water slurry (CPWS) developed from coal water slurry and coal pitch oil slurry (CPOS) developed from coal oil slurry are new slurry fuel.
In this paper, effects of electrolytes (NaCl, CaCl2, AlCl3, Na2SO4 , Na3PO4) on the properties of CPWS, the dispersant adsorption amount on the surface of coal pitch, and the Zeta potential of coal pitch surface were studied. Preparation and influence law of CPOS prepared with coal pitch powder and heavy oil were also studied.
For powder of gradation 1 and gradation 2, the apparent viscosity of CPWS increases with increasing the concentration of Na3PO4; for powder of gradation 1, the apparent viscosity decreases and then increases with increasing the concentration of AlCl3 and Na2SO4; the apparent viscosity increases and then decreases under other circumstance. For powder of gradation 1 and gradation 2, the rheological behavior and stability of CPWS improve when the electrolyte is added to the CPWS. As a whole, the slurry ability, the rheological behavior and the stability of CPWS prepared by powder of gradation 2 is respectively better than that of powder of gradation 1 with or without the electrolyte.
The dispersant adsorption amount on the surface of coal pitch increases to the maximum and then decreases slowly with increasing the dispersant content. For powder of gradation 1, the adsorption amount of dispersant increases on the surface of coal pitch when NaCl, CaCl2 and AlCl3 is respectively added to the CPWS and the effect of three electrolytes increases in turn. The adsorption amount of dispersant increases and then decreases on the surface of coal pitch when Na2SO4 and Na3PO4 is respectively added to the CPWS. For powder of gradation 2, the adsorption amount of dispersant decreases when NaCl is added to the CPWS, the adsorption amount of dispersant increases when Na2SO4 is added to the CPWS, and the adsorption amount of dispersant increases and then decreases when CaCl2, AlCl3 and Na3PO4 is respectively added to the CPWS. The dispersant adsorption amount on the surface of powder of gradation 2 is more than that of powder of gradation 1 with or without the electrolyte.
The Zeta potential of coal pitch surface increases to the maximum and then decreases slowly with increasing the dispersant content. The influence law of electrolytes on the Zeta potential of coal pitch surface is opposite to that of electrolytes on the apparent viscosity of CPWS.
Both the apparent viscosity and Engler viscosity of the CPOS decrease with the increase of temperature. For both kinds of viscosity of the CPOS, the value at lower temperature changes more and changes less at higher temperature with the change of coal pitch content. As a whole, coal pitch content has little effect on the rheological behavior of the CPOS, and the CPOS shows Newton fluid behavior. The CPOS shows shear-thinning characteristics only when coal pitch content is 14% and 16%. Net calorific value of CPOS decreases and then increases with the increase of coal pitch content. Net calorific value of CPOS is bigger than that of 180# heavy oil when coal pitch content is 14% and 16%.
引文
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