外源Ca对低温下麻疯树生理生化调节效应的研究
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摘要
麻疯树是新兴的能源树种,具有很高的经济价值,但是由于温度的限制,使得麻疯树的地理分部有明显的区域性,严重影响了麻疯树开发和利用。目前对麻疯树的研究主要集中在生物柴油的提取及生物农药的开发,而对其生理活性和生化特性了解的甚少,因此研究麻疯树在低温条件下的生理生化特性,讨论提高植物抗寒性的理论与技术,将对麻疯树的引种和抗寒育种提供理论基础和技术指导。
Ca~(2+)作为植物细胞内传递逆境信号的第二信使,活跃的参与植物的生理生化反应,在调节和控制植物细胞对逆境环境胁迫信号转导过程中起着重要的作用。本研究以麻疯树幼苗为材料,研究了Ca~(2+)对麻疯树抗寒机理的调节效应,主要结果如下:
1.钙影响麻疯树种子的萌发特性,随着低温胁迫时间的延长,不同Ca~(2+)浓度处理的麻疯树种子,其发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和种子活力呈现先迅速升高后逐渐下降的变化趋势,并明显高于对照,其中20mmol/LCa~(2+)处理表现最优,其发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和种子活力指数分别为37.33、34.00%、27.51%、7.19%。
2.在质膜相对透性与MDA含量的变化方面,随低温胁迫时间的延长,麻疯树叶片电解质渗透率和MDA含量均有不同程度的增加,经过Ca~(2+)处理的幼苗质膜相对透性和MDA含量相对变化值较为平缓,除80mmol/LCa~(2+)处理的MDA含量高于对照,其它浓度处理的质膜相对透性和MDA含量相对变化值均低于对照。
3.低温胁迫下,麻疯树的根系活力随胁迫时间的延长呈逐渐下降的趋势。相同胁迫时间,加Ca~(2+)处理的麻疯树幼苗根系活力均高于缺钙处理,不同钙浓度间差异极显著,说明外源钙能够提高低温下麻疯树幼苗根系活力,减轻低温麻疯树幼苗根系的损伤。
4.低温条件下,外施一定浓度的Ca~(2+)能够显著提高可溶性糖,可溶性蛋白及脯氨酸的含量,增强麻疯树幼苗对低温伤害的抵御能力。过低或过高反而会产生负效应,其中以20mmol/LCa~(2+)处理对提高麻疯树幼苗叶片可溶性糖、可溶性蛋、脯氨酸白含量效果最明显。
5.经过Ca~(2+)处理后的麻疯树叶片抗氧化酶,随着低温胁迫时间的延长呈现不同的变化趋势,SOD总体上呈逐渐上升-下降再逐渐上升的趋势,而POD,CAT总体上呈现先升高后降低的变化趋势,第4d出现最大值。不同胁迫时间不同浓度的Ca~(2+)作用效果不同,低温胁迫后期,SOD、POD、CAT的变化幅度较大,外施20mmol/LCa~(2+)能够显著增加麻疯树叶片中SOD活性,缓解POD,CAT活性的降低。
6.不同Ca~(2+)浓度处理的麻疯树幼苗净光合速率发生显著变化,低温条件下,麻疯树叶片净光合速率呈下降趋势,而叶绿素含量变化较为平缓。在整个低温胁迫过程中,经过Ca~(2+)处理的麻疯树叶片净光合速率相对缺钙处理下降较为缓慢,叶绿素含量较高,说明低温下,增施外源Ca~(2+)对缓解低温麻疯树光合系统的伤害有积极的保护作用。
7.一定浓度的外源Ca~(2+)能降低低温对麻疯树光合机构的破坏,但对PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)影响较小,试验结果表明:随着低温胁迫时间的延长,各浓度处理的麻疯树幼苗最大荧光(Fm)、PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ潜在活性(Fv/Fo)、PSⅡ实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)和光化学荧光碎灭系数(qP)、非光化学荧光碎灭系数(NPQ)都表现出降低的趋势,而初始荧光(Fo)呈上升趋势。在各浓度处理中以20mmol/LCa~(2+)处理效果最明显,显著减缓了Fo的升高和缓解qP,NPQ的下降;提高PSⅡ的光化学活性;减轻低温对PSⅡ潜在活性中心的伤害;减缓PSⅡ电子传递的量子产量的降低;提高ΦPSⅡ的效率。
8.通过研究5种钙浓度对低温胁迫下麻疯树种子萌发、幼苗生理生化指标、光合及叶绿素荧光参数影响,应用隶属函数分析方法对经过5种钙浓度处理后的麻疯树抗寒性进行综合评价,从大到小排序为20mmol/L Ca~(2+)处理、40mmol/L Ca~(2+)处理、60mmol/L Ca~(2+)处理、80mmol/L Ca~(2+)处理、对照(缺钙处理),其中20mmol/L Ca~(2+)处理的隶属函数综合指标的总平均值最高,表现为最优,抗寒性最好。
Jatropha curcas L.is emerging energy source plant which have a high economic value,but the geographical distribution has regional,because the temperature,it seriously effects exploitation and utilization of Jatropha .Presently,the articles have focused on studying Biodiesel extraction and Biological pesticide research.however,it is sparse for the physiological and chemic characteristic ,so this texts study the cold-resistant and discuss the theory and technology of increasing the coldness,and apply a basic theory and technology for Jatropha introduction and Cold breeding.
Calcium is a second message of tanslating signals of environment stess in plant cell.It participates in transmission adversity, active participation in Physiology and biochemistry reaction ,and plays imprortant role in message transduction of the environment stress involving low temperature .The research uses Jatropha seedling as sample to study the regulation mechanism of Ca~(2+) on cold-resistant the result were as follows:
1.characteristics of Jatropha seed.With the extend of cold stress ,Jatropha seed germination rate, germination index, and the seed vigor present rapid rising and then gradually declined after different Ca~(2+)treatment and better than Contrast experiments.The concentration at 20mmol/LCa~(2+) treatment showed the best its corresponding index are 37.33%、34.00%、27.51%、7.19%.
2.For the relative penetrability of cell membrane and MDA content ,they all have increase on different degree.Treated by Ca~(2+)solution,the relative penetrability of seedling cell membrane and MDA content vary gently.besides 80mmol/LCa~(2+)for MDA content more than Contrast experiments, other treatments are all lower in relative penetrability of cell membrane and MDA content.
3.Under low temperature stress, The root activity of Jatropha was taken changing trend of gradually rising and declined with the extend of cold stress.Under the same condition,calcium-treated Jatropha seedlings are better in root activity than Contrast experiments, different calcium-treated shows extremely significant difference. The results indicates that spraying calcium can improve the root activity of Jatropha, alleviated injury by low temperature to the root activity of Jatropha.
4.Under low temperature , adding certain concentration Ca~(2+)can obviously improve content of soluble protein、soluble sugar and proline, enhance the cold resistance capacity,but high concentration hasthe opposite effect. The results indicates that 20mmol/LCa~(2+) treatment play a positive role in increasing soluble sugar、soluble sugar and proline content for Jatropha,and showed best effects.
5.After different calcium-treated, the antioxidant enzyme activity of Jatropha showd different variation trend with the extend of cold stress, SOD was taken gradually rising on the whole,however , POD,CAT showed rises in advance then falls on the whole. activities of POD and CAT increased at first and then decreased. By the fourth day, which were up to a maximum value. Different Ca~(2+) consistency had different effects in different stress times, in the late chilling stress, activities of SOD POD and CAT rangeability were largely, spraying calcium 20mmol/LCa~(2+)increased SODactivity of Jatropha,and alleviated decline of POD and CAT activity
6.The experiment investigated,under low temperature, the effects of different calcium-treated on Pn of Jatropha seedling were significant, Pn of Jatropha leaves trended to decrease gradually,but SPAD content changed slowly.During chilling stress, Pn of Jatropha declined slowly and SPAD content is in highest-level after calcium-treated. The results indicated that spraying Ca~(2+)can effectively alleviate injury by low temperature to photosynthesis and played positive protection for Jatropha effectively
7.A certain concentrations of calcium can reduces destructiveness to photosynthetic apparatus under low-temperature.but it effects little on Fv/Fm.Results indicated that ,with the extend of cold stress,different consistency treatments showed gradually declined trend to Fm、Fv/Fm、(Fv/Fo)、ΦPSⅡ、qP and NPQ.under low temperature, 20mmol/LCa~(2+)treatment can slow down rising of Fo, restrained qP and NPQ to decrease,increase photochemical activity of PSⅡ, limit the damage to PSⅡpotential active center,Slow PSⅡelectron-transport quantum decreased,improve the efficiency ofΦPSⅡ
8.The experiment studied the effects of different concentrations of calcium treatment on seedling characteristics of Jatropha、physiological and chemic index、photosynthetical system and chlorophyll fluorescence.According to subordinate function,analyzed anti-cold ability of Jatropha.unde low temperature stress. anti-cold ability of Jatropha(from strong to weak): 20mmol/L 40mmol/L、60mmol/L、80mmol/L、blank test sample.The concentration at 20mmol/L Ca~(2+)treatment showed best.
Ca~(2+)作为植物细胞内传递逆境信号的第二信使,活跃的参与植物的生理生化反应,在调节和控制植物细胞对逆境环境胁迫信号转导过程中起着重要的作用。本研究以麻疯树幼苗为材料,研究了Ca~(2+)对麻疯树抗寒机理的调节效应,主要结果如下:
1.钙影响麻疯树种子的萌发特性,随着低温胁迫时间的延长,不同Ca~(2+)浓度处理的麻疯树种子,其发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和种子活力呈现先迅速升高后逐渐下降的变化趋势,并明显高于对照,其中20mmol/LCa~(2+)处理表现最优,其发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和种子活力指数分别为37.33、34.00%、27.51%、7.19%。
2.在质膜相对透性与MDA含量的变化方面,随低温胁迫时间的延长,麻疯树叶片电解质渗透率和MDA含量均有不同程度的增加,经过Ca~(2+)处理的幼苗质膜相对透性和MDA含量相对变化值较为平缓,除80mmol/LCa~(2+)处理的MDA含量高于对照,其它浓度处理的质膜相对透性和MDA含量相对变化值均低于对照。
3.低温胁迫下,麻疯树的根系活力随胁迫时间的延长呈逐渐下降的趋势。相同胁迫时间,加Ca~(2+)处理的麻疯树幼苗根系活力均高于缺钙处理,不同钙浓度间差异极显著,说明外源钙能够提高低温下麻疯树幼苗根系活力,减轻低温麻疯树幼苗根系的损伤。
4.低温条件下,外施一定浓度的Ca~(2+)能够显著提高可溶性糖,可溶性蛋白及脯氨酸的含量,增强麻疯树幼苗对低温伤害的抵御能力。过低或过高反而会产生负效应,其中以20mmol/LCa~(2+)处理对提高麻疯树幼苗叶片可溶性糖、可溶性蛋、脯氨酸白含量效果最明显。
5.经过Ca~(2+)处理后的麻疯树叶片抗氧化酶,随着低温胁迫时间的延长呈现不同的变化趋势,SOD总体上呈逐渐上升-下降再逐渐上升的趋势,而POD,CAT总体上呈现先升高后降低的变化趋势,第4d出现最大值。不同胁迫时间不同浓度的Ca~(2+)作用效果不同,低温胁迫后期,SOD、POD、CAT的变化幅度较大,外施20mmol/LCa~(2+)能够显著增加麻疯树叶片中SOD活性,缓解POD,CAT活性的降低。
6.不同Ca~(2+)浓度处理的麻疯树幼苗净光合速率发生显著变化,低温条件下,麻疯树叶片净光合速率呈下降趋势,而叶绿素含量变化较为平缓。在整个低温胁迫过程中,经过Ca~(2+)处理的麻疯树叶片净光合速率相对缺钙处理下降较为缓慢,叶绿素含量较高,说明低温下,增施外源Ca~(2+)对缓解低温麻疯树光合系统的伤害有积极的保护作用。
7.一定浓度的外源Ca~(2+)能降低低温对麻疯树光合机构的破坏,但对PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)影响较小,试验结果表明:随着低温胁迫时间的延长,各浓度处理的麻疯树幼苗最大荧光(Fm)、PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ潜在活性(Fv/Fo)、PSⅡ实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)和光化学荧光碎灭系数(qP)、非光化学荧光碎灭系数(NPQ)都表现出降低的趋势,而初始荧光(Fo)呈上升趋势。在各浓度处理中以20mmol/LCa~(2+)处理效果最明显,显著减缓了Fo的升高和缓解qP,NPQ的下降;提高PSⅡ的光化学活性;减轻低温对PSⅡ潜在活性中心的伤害;减缓PSⅡ电子传递的量子产量的降低;提高ΦPSⅡ的效率。
8.通过研究5种钙浓度对低温胁迫下麻疯树种子萌发、幼苗生理生化指标、光合及叶绿素荧光参数影响,应用隶属函数分析方法对经过5种钙浓度处理后的麻疯树抗寒性进行综合评价,从大到小排序为20mmol/L Ca~(2+)处理、40mmol/L Ca~(2+)处理、60mmol/L Ca~(2+)处理、80mmol/L Ca~(2+)处理、对照(缺钙处理),其中20mmol/L Ca~(2+)处理的隶属函数综合指标的总平均值最高,表现为最优,抗寒性最好。
Jatropha curcas L.is emerging energy source plant which have a high economic value,but the geographical distribution has regional,because the temperature,it seriously effects exploitation and utilization of Jatropha .Presently,the articles have focused on studying Biodiesel extraction and Biological pesticide research.however,it is sparse for the physiological and chemic characteristic ,so this texts study the cold-resistant and discuss the theory and technology of increasing the coldness,and apply a basic theory and technology for Jatropha introduction and Cold breeding.
Calcium is a second message of tanslating signals of environment stess in plant cell.It participates in transmission adversity, active participation in Physiology and biochemistry reaction ,and plays imprortant role in message transduction of the environment stress involving low temperature .The research uses Jatropha seedling as sample to study the regulation mechanism of Ca~(2+) on cold-resistant the result were as follows:
1.characteristics of Jatropha seed.With the extend of cold stress ,Jatropha seed germination rate, germination index, and the seed vigor present rapid rising and then gradually declined after different Ca~(2+)treatment and better than Contrast experiments.The concentration at 20mmol/LCa~(2+) treatment showed the best its corresponding index are 37.33%、34.00%、27.51%、7.19%.
2.For the relative penetrability of cell membrane and MDA content ,they all have increase on different degree.Treated by Ca~(2+)solution,the relative penetrability of seedling cell membrane and MDA content vary gently.besides 80mmol/LCa~(2+)for MDA content more than Contrast experiments, other treatments are all lower in relative penetrability of cell membrane and MDA content.
3.Under low temperature stress, The root activity of Jatropha was taken changing trend of gradually rising and declined with the extend of cold stress.Under the same condition,calcium-treated Jatropha seedlings are better in root activity than Contrast experiments, different calcium-treated shows extremely significant difference. The results indicates that spraying calcium can improve the root activity of Jatropha, alleviated injury by low temperature to the root activity of Jatropha.
4.Under low temperature , adding certain concentration Ca~(2+)can obviously improve content of soluble protein、soluble sugar and proline, enhance the cold resistance capacity,but high concentration hasthe opposite effect. The results indicates that 20mmol/LCa~(2+) treatment play a positive role in increasing soluble sugar、soluble sugar and proline content for Jatropha,and showed best effects.
5.After different calcium-treated, the antioxidant enzyme activity of Jatropha showd different variation trend with the extend of cold stress, SOD was taken gradually rising on the whole,however , POD,CAT showed rises in advance then falls on the whole. activities of POD and CAT increased at first and then decreased. By the fourth day, which were up to a maximum value. Different Ca~(2+) consistency had different effects in different stress times, in the late chilling stress, activities of SOD POD and CAT rangeability were largely, spraying calcium 20mmol/LCa~(2+)increased SODactivity of Jatropha,and alleviated decline of POD and CAT activity
6.The experiment investigated,under low temperature, the effects of different calcium-treated on Pn of Jatropha seedling were significant, Pn of Jatropha leaves trended to decrease gradually,but SPAD content changed slowly.During chilling stress, Pn of Jatropha declined slowly and SPAD content is in highest-level after calcium-treated. The results indicated that spraying Ca~(2+)can effectively alleviate injury by low temperature to photosynthesis and played positive protection for Jatropha effectively
7.A certain concentrations of calcium can reduces destructiveness to photosynthetic apparatus under low-temperature.but it effects little on Fv/Fm.Results indicated that ,with the extend of cold stress,different consistency treatments showed gradually declined trend to Fm、Fv/Fm、(Fv/Fo)、ΦPSⅡ、qP and NPQ.under low temperature, 20mmol/LCa~(2+)treatment can slow down rising of Fo, restrained qP and NPQ to decrease,increase photochemical activity of PSⅡ, limit the damage to PSⅡpotential active center,Slow PSⅡelectron-transport quantum decreased,improve the efficiency ofΦPSⅡ
8.The experiment studied the effects of different concentrations of calcium treatment on seedling characteristics of Jatropha、physiological and chemic index、photosynthetical system and chlorophyll fluorescence.According to subordinate function,analyzed anti-cold ability of Jatropha.unde low temperature stress. anti-cold ability of Jatropha(from strong to weak): 20mmol/L 40mmol/L、60mmol/L、80mmol/L、blank test sample.The concentration at 20mmol/L Ca~(2+)treatment showed best.
引文
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