基于ARM架构的无线数据采集与处理终端的研究与开发
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摘要
随着计算机、通信及网络技术的高速发展,嵌入式系统广泛地渗透到各行各业及人们日常生活的方方面面中。由于嵌入式系统的复杂性不断增加,嵌入式操作系统成为了嵌入式系统中最重要的组成部分。在各种嵌入式操作系统中,Linux凭借其性能优异、结构清晰、平台支持广泛、网络支持强劲及开放源代码等多方面的优势,被嵌入式系统开发者广泛的采用。同时随着近几年来国内嵌入式领域发展非常迅速,其中32位ARM处理器结构体系的嵌入式CPU在商用领域、工控领域和军用领域都得到了广泛使用。
近几年随着无线通信技术、传感器技术、信息采集和处理技术的飞速发展,出现了低成本、低功耗、多功能的微型无线传感器节点。无线传感器网络是随着传感器节点的发展而兴起的计算机科学技术的一个新的研究领域,它是由一组无线传感器节点通过ad-hoc方式构成的无线网络,综合传感器技术、嵌入式计算技术、分布式信息处理技术和无线通信技术,能够协作地实时监测、感知和采集各种环境或监测对象的信息,并对其进行处理,并传送到需要这些信息的用户处。这种无线网络系统被广泛地用于国防军事、国家安全、环境监测、交通管理、医疗卫生、制造业、反恐救灾等领域,具有十分巨大的发展潜力,引起了学术界和工业界的高度重视。
目前,手持终端的应用范围主要是在商业领域,开发一款适合在工业现场等无线传感网络监控领域的手持终端是本文的初衷。本文从嵌入式系统的角度,采用目前比较流行的ARM9处理器和嵌入式Linux的操作系统,阐述手持终端硬件平台的设计和软件的移植方案;接着研究了系统引导程序的原理、设备驱动开发的关键点、根文件系统的制作方法。在此基础上,分析和移植引导程序U-Boot 1.1.4的实现、无线收发芯片CC2420的驱动开发和帧缓冲驱动的开发,并针对目标平台的特点完成了文件系统的构建;然后介绍了基于Qt/Embedded的图形界面开发的基础,最后对本文研究工作进行总结。
With the rapid development of computer technology,communication technology and network technology,embedded systems are widely applied in almost all fields.Because of the increasing complexity of the embedded systems,the embedded operating system has become the most important part of the embedded system.In all kinds of embedded operating systems,Linux has the advantage of good performance,clear structure,wide platform supporting,strong network supporting and source open,so,it has been widely used by embedded system developers.At the same time,the embedded system application develops at a tremendous speed in recent years.32-bit embedded CPU based on ARM core has been widely used in commercial,industrial control and military fields.
Along with the rapid development of wireless communication technology,the sensor technology,information acquisition and processing technology,appeared the micro wireless sensor node which has the low cost,the low power consumption and the multiple functions.Sensor networks are integration of sensor techniques,nested computation techniques,distributed computation techniques and wireless communication techniques.They can be used for testing,sensing,collecting and processing information of monitored objects and transferring the processed information to users.Sensor network is a new research area of computer science and technology and has a wide applicable future.This wireless network system is widely applied in the area of national defense and military affair,national safety,monitor and survey in environment,transportation anagement,medical treatment,sanitation, manufacturing,antiterrorism,disaster salvation and so on.This system has great developing potentials,which arouses great concern from academia and industrial area.
Recently,hand port is mainly applied in the field of business.Therefore,this thesis is intent to develop a kind of hand port which is suitable in the area of wireless sensor network control and monitor such as in the scene of industry and so on. Starting with technologies in embedded system,adopting the ARM microchip processor and embedded operating system of Linux in popular at present,this thesis introduces the design of hardware platform and porting plan of software in hand port. Then,this thesis researches the theory of the leading program,the key point in developing drive device,the way of making root file system.Based on those researches above,this thesis analyzes and achieves the transplanting process of U-Bootl.1.4,the development of drive device in CC2420 wireless receive chip and frame buffer device,and also builds a file system based on the characters of the target system.And it introduces the elements of the development of GUI based on Qt/Embedded.At last,it makes a conclusion.
近几年随着无线通信技术、传感器技术、信息采集和处理技术的飞速发展,出现了低成本、低功耗、多功能的微型无线传感器节点。无线传感器网络是随着传感器节点的发展而兴起的计算机科学技术的一个新的研究领域,它是由一组无线传感器节点通过ad-hoc方式构成的无线网络,综合传感器技术、嵌入式计算技术、分布式信息处理技术和无线通信技术,能够协作地实时监测、感知和采集各种环境或监测对象的信息,并对其进行处理,并传送到需要这些信息的用户处。这种无线网络系统被广泛地用于国防军事、国家安全、环境监测、交通管理、医疗卫生、制造业、反恐救灾等领域,具有十分巨大的发展潜力,引起了学术界和工业界的高度重视。
目前,手持终端的应用范围主要是在商业领域,开发一款适合在工业现场等无线传感网络监控领域的手持终端是本文的初衷。本文从嵌入式系统的角度,采用目前比较流行的ARM9处理器和嵌入式Linux的操作系统,阐述手持终端硬件平台的设计和软件的移植方案;接着研究了系统引导程序的原理、设备驱动开发的关键点、根文件系统的制作方法。在此基础上,分析和移植引导程序U-Boot 1.1.4的实现、无线收发芯片CC2420的驱动开发和帧缓冲驱动的开发,并针对目标平台的特点完成了文件系统的构建;然后介绍了基于Qt/Embedded的图形界面开发的基础,最后对本文研究工作进行总结。
With the rapid development of computer technology,communication technology and network technology,embedded systems are widely applied in almost all fields.Because of the increasing complexity of the embedded systems,the embedded operating system has become the most important part of the embedded system.In all kinds of embedded operating systems,Linux has the advantage of good performance,clear structure,wide platform supporting,strong network supporting and source open,so,it has been widely used by embedded system developers.At the same time,the embedded system application develops at a tremendous speed in recent years.32-bit embedded CPU based on ARM core has been widely used in commercial,industrial control and military fields.
Along with the rapid development of wireless communication technology,the sensor technology,information acquisition and processing technology,appeared the micro wireless sensor node which has the low cost,the low power consumption and the multiple functions.Sensor networks are integration of sensor techniques,nested computation techniques,distributed computation techniques and wireless communication techniques.They can be used for testing,sensing,collecting and processing information of monitored objects and transferring the processed information to users.Sensor network is a new research area of computer science and technology and has a wide applicable future.This wireless network system is widely applied in the area of national defense and military affair,national safety,monitor and survey in environment,transportation anagement,medical treatment,sanitation, manufacturing,antiterrorism,disaster salvation and so on.This system has great developing potentials,which arouses great concern from academia and industrial area.
Recently,hand port is mainly applied in the field of business.Therefore,this thesis is intent to develop a kind of hand port which is suitable in the area of wireless sensor network control and monitor such as in the scene of industry and so on. Starting with technologies in embedded system,adopting the ARM microchip processor and embedded operating system of Linux in popular at present,this thesis introduces the design of hardware platform and porting plan of software in hand port. Then,this thesis researches the theory of the leading program,the key point in developing drive device,the way of making root file system.Based on those researches above,this thesis analyzes and achieves the transplanting process of U-Bootl.1.4,the development of drive device in CC2420 wireless receive chip and frame buffer device,and also builds a file system based on the characters of the target system.And it introduces the elements of the development of GUI based on Qt/Embedded.At last,it makes a conclusion.
引文
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[2]何立民.嵌入式系统的定义与发展史.单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2004,(01):6-8
[3]贾智平,张瑞华.嵌入式系统原理和接口技术(第1版).北京:清华大学出版社,2005.15-20
[4]高玉民.便携式数据采集器在设备管理中的应用.设备管理与维修,2006,(07):7-9
[5]宋伟华.无线移动技术在零售店面的应用.销售与电脑.2005,(12):17-21
[6]刘大鹏.基于嵌入式系统智能手持终端的若干问题研究:[硕士学位论文].大连:大连理工大学,2003
[7]张国荣,曹彩萍.手持式数控编程器的研究与设计.微电子学与计算机,2003,(4):42-46
[8]Alessandro Rubini&Jonathan Corbet.Linux Device Driver(2nd Endition).USA:O'Reilly,2001.222-256
[9]马宏杰,张思东等.微机通信原理与实用技术.北京:清华大学出版社,1994.101-106
[10]田泽.嵌入式系统开发与应用.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005.245-255
[11]吕京建,肖海桥等.嵌入式处理器分类与现状.http://www.bol-system.com
[12]ARM INC.ARM Architechure Reference Manual.2000
[13]Intel StrongARM SA-1110 Processor User Manual.Intel Corp.2001.05
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[15]Jochen Schiler,Acim Liers,Hartmut Ritter.ScatterWeb:A wireless sensornet platform for research and teaching.Computer Communications 28.2005.1545-1551
[16]Ian F.Akyildiz,Ismail H.Kasimoglu.Wireless sensor and actor networks:research challenges.Ad Hoc Networks(Elsevier),vol.2,no.4.October 2004.351-367
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[18]Sandholm T,Suri S.Improved Algorithms for Optiomal Winner Determination in Combinatorial Auctions and Generalizations.In National Confenrence on Artifical Intelligence(AAAI),2000:90-97
[19]Martin Haenggi.Mobile Sensor-Actuator Networks:Opportunities and Challenges.Proc.of 7th IEEE Intl.Workshop,Frankfurt,Germany,July 2002.283-290
[20]Elke Mackensen,Walter Kuntz and Class Muller.Smart wireless Autonomous Microsystems (SWAMs)for Sensor Actuator Networks.SloonI0.I -Ssnson for Industry Conference,New Orleans,Louisiana,USA,21-29 January 2004.72-73
[21]Chee-Yee Chong,Srikanta P.Kumar.Sensor Networks:Evolution,Opportunities,and Challenges,Proceedings of the IEEE,Vol.91,No.8,August 2003.1247-1256
[22]于海斌,曾鹏等.智能无线传感器网络系统.北京:科学出版社,2006.45-76
[23]Horling B,Mailler R,Sims M,Lesser V.Using and Maintaining Organization in a Large-Scale Distributed Sensor Network.Proceeding of the Workshop on Autonomy,Delegation,and Control(AAMAS03),2003
[24]Ian F.Akyildiz,W.Su,Y.Sankarasubramaniam,and E.Cayirci.Wireless sensor netwoks:A survey.Computer Networks(Elsevier),Vol.38,No.4.2002.393-422
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[26]Lesser V,Horling B,Kalssner F,et al.Big:An Agent for Resource-Bounded Information Gathering and Decision Making.Artificial Intelligence Journal.2000.197-244
[27]Soh L.K,Tsatsoulis C.Real-Times Satisficing Multiagent Coalition Formation.In Working Notes of AAAI Workshop on Coalition Formation in Dynamic Mulitiagent Environments.2002.7-15
[28]马忠梅.ARM&Linux嵌入式系统教程.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004.98-126
[29]Chipcon AS SmartRF CC2420 DataSheet(rev1.4),2006-04-06
[30]刘建国,张付祥等.AD7888与S3C2410的SPI接口及Linux下嵌入式驱动的实现.工业仪表与自动化装置,2006,(5):47-49
[31]邵东海,周鹏,胡南军等.基于Linux的嵌入式系统设计与实现.计算机工程,2002,28(6):254-255
[32]李善平,刘文峰,王焕龙.Linux与嵌入式系统.北京:清华大学出版社,2002.192-196
[33]杜春雷.ARM体系结构与编程.北京:清华大学出版社.2004.222-256
[34]Corbet J,Rubini A,Kroah-Hartman G.Linux Drivers 3th.O'Reilly,2005.125-156
[35]Robert Love著.陈莉君,康华,张波译.Linux内核设计与实现.北京:机械工业出版社,2005.332-356
[36]蒋三新,黄晓革.OLED显示模块与AT91RM9200的接口设计.单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2007年第1期:30-34
[37]田家林.Linux嵌入式操作系统在ARM上的移植.微计算机信息,2007.4:60-62
[38]詹荣开.BootLoader技术内幕.http://linux.chinaunix.net/doc/embedded/2005-01-13/762.shtml
[39]AT91RM9200 User Manual.ATMEL,2005
[40]李驹光,聂雪媛,王兆卫.ARM应用系统详解.北京:清华大学出版社,2004.56-66
[41]陈莉君,冯锐,牛欣源译.深入理解Linux内核(第二版).中国电力出版社,2004.86-124
[42]倪继利.Linux内核分析及编程.北京:电子工业出版社,2005.186-197
[43]孙天泽,袁文菊.嵌入式设计及Linux驱动开发指南.北京:电子工业出版社,2007.216-252
[44]周立功,陈明记,陈渝.ARM嵌入式Linux系统构建与驱动开发范例.北京:北京航天航空大学出版社,2006.215-255
[45]孙琼.嵌入式Linux应用程序开发详解.北京:人民邮电出版社,2006.353-394
[46]吴明辉.基于ARM的嵌入式系统开发与应用.北京:人民邮电出版社,2004.63-95
[47]朱居正,高冰.Red Hat Linux 9实用培训教程.北京:清华大学出版社,2004.314-321
[48]刘淼编.嵌入式系统接口设计与Linux驱动程序开发.北京:北京航天航空大学出版社.2006.205-234
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[51]倪继利.Qt及Linux操作系统窗口设计.北京:电子工业出版社,2006.212-271
[52]Qt/embedded 3.3.4 Reference Documentation.http://www.trolltech.com.
[53]孔繁荣,张泉,张雷.基于Qt/Embedded的嵌入式图形设计.2005年全国单片机与嵌入式系统学术交流会论文集.北京:北京航天航空大学出版社,2005(8),298-302
[54]Jasnin Blanchethe,Mark Summerfield.C++ GUI Programming with Qt3.Prentice Hall PTR,USA:2006.132-178
[2]何立民.嵌入式系统的定义与发展史.单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2004,(01):6-8
[3]贾智平,张瑞华.嵌入式系统原理和接口技术(第1版).北京:清华大学出版社,2005.15-20
[4]高玉民.便携式数据采集器在设备管理中的应用.设备管理与维修,2006,(07):7-9
[5]宋伟华.无线移动技术在零售店面的应用.销售与电脑.2005,(12):17-21
[6]刘大鹏.基于嵌入式系统智能手持终端的若干问题研究:[硕士学位论文].大连:大连理工大学,2003
[7]张国荣,曹彩萍.手持式数控编程器的研究与设计.微电子学与计算机,2003,(4):42-46
[8]Alessandro Rubini&Jonathan Corbet.Linux Device Driver(2nd Endition).USA:O'Reilly,2001.222-256
[9]马宏杰,张思东等.微机通信原理与实用技术.北京:清华大学出版社,1994.101-106
[10]田泽.嵌入式系统开发与应用.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005.245-255
[11]吕京建,肖海桥等.嵌入式处理器分类与现状.http://www.bol-system.com
[12]ARM INC.ARM Architechure Reference Manual.2000
[13]Intel StrongARM SA-1110 Processor User Manual.Intel Corp.2001.05
[14]孙利民,李建中等.无线传感器网络.北京:清华大学出版社,2005.3-23
[15]Jochen Schiler,Acim Liers,Hartmut Ritter.ScatterWeb:A wireless sensornet platform for research and teaching.Computer Communications 28.2005.1545-1551
[16]Ian F.Akyildiz,Ismail H.Kasimoglu.Wireless sensor and actor networks:research challenges.Ad Hoc Networks(Elsevier),vol.2,no.4.October 2004.351-367
[17]Tommaso Melodia,Dario Pompili,et al.A Distributed Coordination Framework for wireless Sensor and Actor Networks.MobiHoc'05,May25-27,2005,Urbana-Champaign,Illiinois,USA.Copyright 2005 ACM 1-59593-004-3/05/0005
[18]Sandholm T,Suri S.Improved Algorithms for Optiomal Winner Determination in Combinatorial Auctions and Generalizations.In National Confenrence on Artifical Intelligence(AAAI),2000:90-97
[19]Martin Haenggi.Mobile Sensor-Actuator Networks:Opportunities and Challenges.Proc.of 7th IEEE Intl.Workshop,Frankfurt,Germany,July 2002.283-290
[20]Elke Mackensen,Walter Kuntz and Class Muller.Smart wireless Autonomous Microsystems (SWAMs)for Sensor Actuator Networks.SloonI0.I -Ssnson for Industry Conference,New Orleans,Louisiana,USA,21-29 January 2004.72-73
[21]Chee-Yee Chong,Srikanta P.Kumar.Sensor Networks:Evolution,Opportunities,and Challenges,Proceedings of the IEEE,Vol.91,No.8,August 2003.1247-1256
[22]于海斌,曾鹏等.智能无线传感器网络系统.北京:科学出版社,2006.45-76
[23]Horling B,Mailler R,Sims M,Lesser V.Using and Maintaining Organization in a Large-Scale Distributed Sensor Network.Proceeding of the Workshop on Autonomy,Delegation,and Control(AAMAS03),2003
[24]Ian F.Akyildiz,W.Su,Y.Sankarasubramaniam,and E.Cayirci.Wireless sensor netwoks:A survey.Computer Networks(Elsevier),Vol.38,No.4.2002.393-422
[25]Estrin D,Govindan R,Herdemann J,Kumar S.Next Century Challenges:Scalable Coordination in Sensor Networks.In Proc of MobiCOM,1999.263-270
[26]Lesser V,Horling B,Kalssner F,et al.Big:An Agent for Resource-Bounded Information Gathering and Decision Making.Artificial Intelligence Journal.2000.197-244
[27]Soh L.K,Tsatsoulis C.Real-Times Satisficing Multiagent Coalition Formation.In Working Notes of AAAI Workshop on Coalition Formation in Dynamic Mulitiagent Environments.2002.7-15
[28]马忠梅.ARM&Linux嵌入式系统教程.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004.98-126
[29]Chipcon AS SmartRF CC2420 DataSheet(rev1.4),2006-04-06
[30]刘建国,张付祥等.AD7888与S3C2410的SPI接口及Linux下嵌入式驱动的实现.工业仪表与自动化装置,2006,(5):47-49
[31]邵东海,周鹏,胡南军等.基于Linux的嵌入式系统设计与实现.计算机工程,2002,28(6):254-255
[32]李善平,刘文峰,王焕龙.Linux与嵌入式系统.北京:清华大学出版社,2002.192-196
[33]杜春雷.ARM体系结构与编程.北京:清华大学出版社.2004.222-256
[34]Corbet J,Rubini A,Kroah-Hartman G.Linux Drivers 3th.O'Reilly,2005.125-156
[35]Robert Love著.陈莉君,康华,张波译.Linux内核设计与实现.北京:机械工业出版社,2005.332-356
[36]蒋三新,黄晓革.OLED显示模块与AT91RM9200的接口设计.单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2007年第1期:30-34
[37]田家林.Linux嵌入式操作系统在ARM上的移植.微计算机信息,2007.4:60-62
[38]詹荣开.BootLoader技术内幕.http://linux.chinaunix.net/doc/embedded/2005-01-13/762.shtml
[39]AT91RM9200 User Manual.ATMEL,2005
[40]李驹光,聂雪媛,王兆卫.ARM应用系统详解.北京:清华大学出版社,2004.56-66
[41]陈莉君,冯锐,牛欣源译.深入理解Linux内核(第二版).中国电力出版社,2004.86-124
[42]倪继利.Linux内核分析及编程.北京:电子工业出版社,2005.186-197
[43]孙天泽,袁文菊.嵌入式设计及Linux驱动开发指南.北京:电子工业出版社,2007.216-252
[44]周立功,陈明记,陈渝.ARM嵌入式Linux系统构建与驱动开发范例.北京:北京航天航空大学出版社,2006.215-255
[45]孙琼.嵌入式Linux应用程序开发详解.北京:人民邮电出版社,2006.353-394
[46]吴明辉.基于ARM的嵌入式系统开发与应用.北京:人民邮电出版社,2004.63-95
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