冲击电流发生器的设计
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摘要
高电压技术,作为以试验研究为基础的应用技术,研究各种形态的高电压,冲击电流和各种性能的介质,需要有高电压的测试设备,研究介质在高电压下的物理现象。高电压技术对电力工业、电工制造业以及近代物理的发展都有重大影响。冲击电流发生器作为高压技术研究的一个方面,已应用到以下重要的科学研究领域:等离子体焦点和强脉冲磁场,电磁冲击模拟,强流电子束集团加速等高能物理中。
本文主要介绍了高压技术的发展,总结了在各类高电压试验和应用中,高电压和大电流实验中共性的技术问题,特别地,对于在高电压技术中最重要的测量技术部分,及可能产生的误差进行了分析,提出了相对应的应该采取的措施。分析了冲击电流发生器的电路原理,各个功能模块包括高压初级能源,三电极火花隙开关等的原理,设计了红外控制下的冲击电流发生器电路,主要包括倍压电源电路,分压器对冲击电压波形的采集电路,分流器对冲击电流的波形采集电路及上位机和下位机的红外控制接口电路包括SPI接口和IrDA接口转换电路。重点介绍了远程控制的软件部分的实现,包括红外控制协议栈,主要包括红外通信协议的物理层帧的定义,媒介访问控制协议MAC,逻辑链路控制层LLC,上位机和从机工作模式,工作流程图及MAC主函数。对冲击电流试验中采集到的电流波形进行了分析。分别对钼丝和钽丝在不同的冲击电压的条件下所对应的电流波形图进行了分析。
通过对比在不同冲击电压作用下试件的冲击电流波形,分析了影响冲击电流大小的因素,为后续试验获取最佳充电电压值的确定提供参考。
As an application technology based on experiment ,high voltage technology , which focused on various high voltage and media ,adopted high voltage measurement equipment to testify the physical phenomenon of media under high voltage .High voltage technology has a far reaching influence on the development of power industry ,electrical manufacture and modern physics. As an aspect of high voltage technology, instantaneous current generator ,has been applied in the following important high energy physical scientific research field: plasma focus, strong impulse magnetic, electrical and magnetic instantaneous simulation, strong electron beam acceleration etc.
This paper retrospected the development of high voltage technology, draw a conclusion of the common problems in high voltage experiment, especially ,analyzed the error that might be encountered in high voltage measurement ,and gave the way on how to take effective measure. Primarily analyzed the circuit theory of instantaneous current generator and each function module including high-voltage power and tri-pole sparkle switch. Designed the instantaneous current generator circuit based on the control of infrared ,which including multiple voltage power, division voltage sampling ,division current sampling circuit and infrared control interface circuit between server and client ,the transformation of SPI and IrDA interface circuit. Emphasized on the implementation of infrared control protocol ,which including infrared communication protocol stack, particularly illustrated the specification of physical layer of IrDA, the structure of frame, Media Access Control protocol (MAC), Logic Link Control (LLC),working model, of server and client, main function of MAC layer. Analyzed the voltage and current wave collected in the instantaneous current experiment, the current wave of molybdenum and tantalum under different instantaneous voltage respectively
Drew a conclusion on the factors that affect instantaneous current by comparing the instantaneous current of the metal wire which can be referred on how to determine the optimal charge voltage in the further research.
本文主要介绍了高压技术的发展,总结了在各类高电压试验和应用中,高电压和大电流实验中共性的技术问题,特别地,对于在高电压技术中最重要的测量技术部分,及可能产生的误差进行了分析,提出了相对应的应该采取的措施。分析了冲击电流发生器的电路原理,各个功能模块包括高压初级能源,三电极火花隙开关等的原理,设计了红外控制下的冲击电流发生器电路,主要包括倍压电源电路,分压器对冲击电压波形的采集电路,分流器对冲击电流的波形采集电路及上位机和下位机的红外控制接口电路包括SPI接口和IrDA接口转换电路。重点介绍了远程控制的软件部分的实现,包括红外控制协议栈,主要包括红外通信协议的物理层帧的定义,媒介访问控制协议MAC,逻辑链路控制层LLC,上位机和从机工作模式,工作流程图及MAC主函数。对冲击电流试验中采集到的电流波形进行了分析。分别对钼丝和钽丝在不同的冲击电压的条件下所对应的电流波形图进行了分析。
通过对比在不同冲击电压作用下试件的冲击电流波形,分析了影响冲击电流大小的因素,为后续试验获取最佳充电电压值的确定提供参考。
As an application technology based on experiment ,high voltage technology , which focused on various high voltage and media ,adopted high voltage measurement equipment to testify the physical phenomenon of media under high voltage .High voltage technology has a far reaching influence on the development of power industry ,electrical manufacture and modern physics. As an aspect of high voltage technology, instantaneous current generator ,has been applied in the following important high energy physical scientific research field: plasma focus, strong impulse magnetic, electrical and magnetic instantaneous simulation, strong electron beam acceleration etc.
This paper retrospected the development of high voltage technology, draw a conclusion of the common problems in high voltage experiment, especially ,analyzed the error that might be encountered in high voltage measurement ,and gave the way on how to take effective measure. Primarily analyzed the circuit theory of instantaneous current generator and each function module including high-voltage power and tri-pole sparkle switch. Designed the instantaneous current generator circuit based on the control of infrared ,which including multiple voltage power, division voltage sampling ,division current sampling circuit and infrared control interface circuit between server and client ,the transformation of SPI and IrDA interface circuit. Emphasized on the implementation of infrared control protocol ,which including infrared communication protocol stack, particularly illustrated the specification of physical layer of IrDA, the structure of frame, Media Access Control protocol (MAC), Logic Link Control (LLC),working model, of server and client, main function of MAC layer. Analyzed the voltage and current wave collected in the instantaneous current experiment, the current wave of molybdenum and tantalum under different instantaneous voltage respectively
Drew a conclusion on the factors that affect instantaneous current by comparing the instantaneous current of the metal wire which can be referred on how to determine the optimal charge voltage in the further research.
引文
[1]邱毓昌,施围,张文元等 高电压工程.西安:西安交通大学出版社,1995.
[2]张仁豫,陈昌渔,王昌长 高电压试验技术.清华大学出版社,2003.
[3]王永兵,刘湘,祁文军等.热喷涂技术的发展和应用.电镀与涂饰,2007.(26)
[4]朱德恒,严璋主.高电压绝缘.北京:清华大学出版社,1992.
[5]邱昌容,王乃庆.电工设备局部放电及其测试技术.北京:机械工业出版社,1994.
[6]王昌长,李福祺.电力设备的在线监测与故障诊断.北京:清华大学应用电子技术系,1996.
[7]吕仁清,蒋全兴.电磁兼容性结构设计.南京:东南大学出版社,1990.
[8]梁曦东.高电压工程.北京:清华大学出版社,2003.
[9]中国行业标准.冲击电压测量实施细则.北京:水利电力出版社,1997
[10]邱毓昌,戚庆成等.高电压工程基础,北京:机械工业出版社,1993.
[11]姚宗干,黄镜明.高电压试验技术.北京:水利电力出版社,1983.
[12]段鹏.电热爆炸超高速定向喷涂技术的实验研究.华北电力大学硕士学位论文2003.
[13]张滨渭,王庆华,高晓波.高压测试技术及设备学术年会论文集.武汉:中国电机工程学会高电压专业委员会,1992.
[14]党瑞荣.三电极火花隙开关电感和电阻的确定.高压电器,2000.(4).
[15]刘宗德,丰树平,孙承纬等.冲击大电流高加热率试验装置研究.爆炸与冲击,1995.(10).
[16]刘骥,贺元吉,杨嘉祥.电容储能型强流脉冲放电回路数值分析.哈尔滨理工大学学报,1999,(10).
[17]成剑,栗保明.电爆炸过程导体放电电阻的一种计算模型.南京理工大学学报,2003.(8)
[18]卢新培,张寒虹,潘垣等.水中脉冲放电的压力特性研究.爆炸与冲击,2001.(21)
[19]王群.电爆炸方法制备纳米微粉及其物性研究.吉林大学硕士学位论文,1999.
[20]谢建民,陈景亮,邱毓昌等.伪火花放电开关的实验研究.西安交通大学学报,2002
[21]蒲泽林,刘宗德,陆辛等 电热定向爆炸制备高速钢涂层的实验研究 金属热处理,2004.(10).
[22]Sobolev V,Guilemany J M,Calero J A.Substrate coating thermal interaction during high velocity oxyfuel spraying,part heat transfer processes.Materials Science and Technology,1995,11(8):810-819.
[23]Pateyron B,Vardelle A,Ganaoui M E,etal.1-D modeling of coating formation under plasma spraying conditions:splat cooing and layering.In:Sixth European Conference on Thermal Plasma Processes,2000,Strasbourg,France:2001:519-526.
[24]Sobolev V,Guilemany J M,Miguel J R,et al.Influence of thermal processes on coating formation durying high velocity oxy-fuel(HVOF)spraying of WC-Ni powder particles.Surface & coatings technology,1996,82:121-129.
[25]张晓萍,李享生,张建德等.惰性气体中电爆炸丝爆炸激励冲击波的理论分析.国防科技大学学报,2000.
126]徐滨士,李长久,刘世参等.表面工程与热喷涂技术及发展.中国表面工程,2001.(1).
[27]张纬钹,何金良,高玉明等.过电压防护及绝缘配合.北京:清华大学出版社,1992.
[28]刘宗德,安江英,杨昆等.电爆炸新技术研究.爆炸与冲击,2001.(1).
[29]赵智大.高电压技术.北京:中国电力出版社,1999
[30]周长华,张孝彬.热喷涂技术的现状和发展.材料科学与工程1998.16(4).
[31]蒲泽林,杨昆,刘宗德等 电热爆炸喷涂层温度场的数值模拟.中国表面工程 2004.(1).
[32]H.Tamura,M.Konoue,A.B.Sawaoka.Zirconium boride and tantalum carbide coatings sprayed by electrothermal explosion of powders,J.of Thermal Spray Technology,1997,6(4):463-468.
[33]Sobolev V,Guilemany J M,Calero J A.Heat transfer during the formation of an HVOF sprayed WC-C0 coating on a copper substrate.Journal of Materials Processing Technology,1999,96:1-8.
[34]MeBar Y,Harel R.Electrical explosion of segmented wires.Journal of Applied Physics,1996,79(4):1 864-1 868.
[35]Clinton E H,John D P,Michael J K,etal.Electrical conduction in exploded segemented wires.Journal of Applied Physic,1998,84(9):4 992-5 000.
[36]J.M.Guilemany,J.Nutting.V.Sobolev,etal.Interfacestructure sofhigh velocity oxy-fuel sprayed WCCocoatingona copper substrate,Materials Science and Engineering,1997,A232:119:28.
[37]H.Tamura,etal.Generation of a high velocity jet in the electrothermal explosion of onductive ceramic powers,J,of Thermal Spray Technology,1998,7(1):87-92.
[39]AWS.Thermal spraying practice theory and application.Miami,AWS,1985.
[40]Sawa M.Oohori J.Applcation of Thermal spraying technology at steelworks in "Proceeding of the 14th ITSC ASM International,Japan,1995,37.
[41]陈永甫.红外探测与控制电路 北京:人民邮电出版社,2005
[42]屈东海,郑健超.高电压测量技术.北京:电力工程出版社,1982.
[43]中国国家标准.局部放电测量.GB7354-87北京标准出版社,1987.
[44]王健斌.电容型设备绝缘在线监测装置的研究.中国电机工程学会电力系统与电网技术综合学术年会论文集,1993.
[2]张仁豫,陈昌渔,王昌长 高电压试验技术.清华大学出版社,2003.
[3]王永兵,刘湘,祁文军等.热喷涂技术的发展和应用.电镀与涂饰,2007.(26)
[4]朱德恒,严璋主.高电压绝缘.北京:清华大学出版社,1992.
[5]邱昌容,王乃庆.电工设备局部放电及其测试技术.北京:机械工业出版社,1994.
[6]王昌长,李福祺.电力设备的在线监测与故障诊断.北京:清华大学应用电子技术系,1996.
[7]吕仁清,蒋全兴.电磁兼容性结构设计.南京:东南大学出版社,1990.
[8]梁曦东.高电压工程.北京:清华大学出版社,2003.
[9]中国行业标准.冲击电压测量实施细则.北京:水利电力出版社,1997
[10]邱毓昌,戚庆成等.高电压工程基础,北京:机械工业出版社,1993.
[11]姚宗干,黄镜明.高电压试验技术.北京:水利电力出版社,1983.
[12]段鹏.电热爆炸超高速定向喷涂技术的实验研究.华北电力大学硕士学位论文2003.
[13]张滨渭,王庆华,高晓波.高压测试技术及设备学术年会论文集.武汉:中国电机工程学会高电压专业委员会,1992.
[14]党瑞荣.三电极火花隙开关电感和电阻的确定.高压电器,2000.(4).
[15]刘宗德,丰树平,孙承纬等.冲击大电流高加热率试验装置研究.爆炸与冲击,1995.(10).
[16]刘骥,贺元吉,杨嘉祥.电容储能型强流脉冲放电回路数值分析.哈尔滨理工大学学报,1999,(10).
[17]成剑,栗保明.电爆炸过程导体放电电阻的一种计算模型.南京理工大学学报,2003.(8)
[18]卢新培,张寒虹,潘垣等.水中脉冲放电的压力特性研究.爆炸与冲击,2001.(21)
[19]王群.电爆炸方法制备纳米微粉及其物性研究.吉林大学硕士学位论文,1999.
[20]谢建民,陈景亮,邱毓昌等.伪火花放电开关的实验研究.西安交通大学学报,2002
[21]蒲泽林,刘宗德,陆辛等 电热定向爆炸制备高速钢涂层的实验研究 金属热处理,2004.(10).
[22]Sobolev V,Guilemany J M,Calero J A.Substrate coating thermal interaction during high velocity oxyfuel spraying,part heat transfer processes.Materials Science and Technology,1995,11(8):810-819.
[23]Pateyron B,Vardelle A,Ganaoui M E,etal.1-D modeling of coating formation under plasma spraying conditions:splat cooing and layering.In:Sixth European Conference on Thermal Plasma Processes,2000,Strasbourg,France:2001:519-526.
[24]Sobolev V,Guilemany J M,Miguel J R,et al.Influence of thermal processes on coating formation durying high velocity oxy-fuel(HVOF)spraying of WC-Ni powder particles.Surface & coatings technology,1996,82:121-129.
[25]张晓萍,李享生,张建德等.惰性气体中电爆炸丝爆炸激励冲击波的理论分析.国防科技大学学报,2000.
126]徐滨士,李长久,刘世参等.表面工程与热喷涂技术及发展.中国表面工程,2001.(1).
[27]张纬钹,何金良,高玉明等.过电压防护及绝缘配合.北京:清华大学出版社,1992.
[28]刘宗德,安江英,杨昆等.电爆炸新技术研究.爆炸与冲击,2001.(1).
[29]赵智大.高电压技术.北京:中国电力出版社,1999
[30]周长华,张孝彬.热喷涂技术的现状和发展.材料科学与工程1998.16(4).
[31]蒲泽林,杨昆,刘宗德等 电热爆炸喷涂层温度场的数值模拟.中国表面工程 2004.(1).
[32]H.Tamura,M.Konoue,A.B.Sawaoka.Zirconium boride and tantalum carbide coatings sprayed by electrothermal explosion of powders,J.of Thermal Spray Technology,1997,6(4):463-468.
[33]Sobolev V,Guilemany J M,Calero J A.Heat transfer during the formation of an HVOF sprayed WC-C0 coating on a copper substrate.Journal of Materials Processing Technology,1999,96:1-8.
[34]MeBar Y,Harel R.Electrical explosion of segmented wires.Journal of Applied Physics,1996,79(4):1 864-1 868.
[35]Clinton E H,John D P,Michael J K,etal.Electrical conduction in exploded segemented wires.Journal of Applied Physic,1998,84(9):4 992-5 000.
[36]J.M.Guilemany,J.Nutting.V.Sobolev,etal.Interfacestructure sofhigh velocity oxy-fuel sprayed WCCocoatingona copper substrate,Materials Science and Engineering,1997,A232:119:28.
[37]H.Tamura,etal.Generation of a high velocity jet in the electrothermal explosion of onductive ceramic powers,J,of Thermal Spray Technology,1998,7(1):87-92.
[39]AWS.Thermal spraying practice theory and application.Miami,AWS,1985.
[40]Sawa M.Oohori J.Applcation of Thermal spraying technology at steelworks in "Proceeding of the 14th ITSC ASM International,Japan,1995,37.
[41]陈永甫.红外探测与控制电路 北京:人民邮电出版社,2005
[42]屈东海,郑健超.高电压测量技术.北京:电力工程出版社,1982.
[43]中国国家标准.局部放电测量.GB7354-87北京标准出版社,1987.
[44]王健斌.电容型设备绝缘在线监测装置的研究.中国电机工程学会电力系统与电网技术综合学术年会论文集,1993.