基于RS与GIS的区域景观格局与土壤侵蚀的关系研究
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摘要
土壤侵蚀是农作物生产,植被生长发育的重要威胁之一,更是区域可持续发展中不可忽视的问题。黄土高原地区,典型地貌为丘陵沟壑,地形支离破碎,是中国乃至全世界水土流失量最为严重的地区。位于黄河中游黄土高原的陕西省是我国进行“退耕还林”政策的试点地区。自从1998年以来,我国开始实行“封山禁牧、退耕还林”的政策,黄土高原陕西地区的林业生态建设具有了明显改善,但关于黄土高原区土壤侵蚀由于退耕还林政策的控制效果,水保部门缺乏系统的定量化研究,模型预测的结果与实际结果偏差较大,严重影响了工程效益的评价工作。鉴于此,本文利用RS与GIS相结合的手段,通过修订通用土壤流失方程(RUSLE),计算了陕西省黄土高原区2000年的土壤侵蚀量。以研究区55个市,县为样本,建立了景观指数与土壤侵蚀之间的关系模型,试图从中尺度范围对土壤侵蚀进行预测,为黄土丘陵区水土保持和生态修复工作提供科学依据。结果表明:(1)研究区北部,地势平缓,自然条件好,土壤侵蚀较低。平均流失模数最大的地区分布于区域西南部,宝鸡县生态条件较差;(2)研究区土地利用景观指数较好地反映土壤侵蚀情况,为土壤侵蚀预测开辟新的方法;(3)基于C~#语言与ArcGIS Engine组件构建GIS桌面端数据库系统,建立了图形数据库与属性数据库,实现了土地利用数据资源的统一存储,很好地把握研究区土地利用及土壤侵蚀的情况。
Soil erosion is one of the main threats in productive croplands and vegetation growth, but also a issue which can not be ignored is in the regional sustainable development. Loess Plateau, including typical hills and gullies topography, the terrain of which is fragmented, is the area of the most serious soil and water loss in the world. Loess Plateau Shaanxi Province located in the midstream of Yellow River is a pilot area from the“Grain for Green”Project in China.Since 1998, closing hillsides and grazing, and returning farmland to forest could have proved that forestry ecological construction of this area had made considerable progress. However, how about effects of soil erosion control lack any systematic quantitative study, in addition, there has large deviations between predicted and experimental results, which seriously affected the evaluation of the project benefits. In view of this, the paper combining RS and GIS, with Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation(RUSLE), calculated soil erosion modulus of Loess Plateau Shaanxi Province in 2000. Choosing 55 urban areas and counties as test samples, modeling the relationship between landscape indices and soil erosion modulus, the paper attempted to predict soil erosion in a middle scale, and provided a scientific basis for soil and water conservation and ecological restoration work in Loess Plateau. The results of this paper are: (1)The northern study area has flat terrain, good natural conditions, and soil erosion modulus is lower. The average largest loss modulus regions were located in the southwest, the ecological conditions of Baoji county was relatively poor; (2)Landscape indices of land use in study area can better reflect the situation of soil erosion, and open up new ways for soil erosion prediction; (3)GIS-desktop database system was established, based on C~# language and ArcGIS Engine component, including graphics database and property database, meanwhile, the unified storage of land use data resources was achieved, that has a very good grasp of land use and soil erosion in the study area.
Soil erosion is one of the main threats in productive croplands and vegetation growth, but also a issue which can not be ignored is in the regional sustainable development. Loess Plateau, including typical hills and gullies topography, the terrain of which is fragmented, is the area of the most serious soil and water loss in the world. Loess Plateau Shaanxi Province located in the midstream of Yellow River is a pilot area from the“Grain for Green”Project in China.Since 1998, closing hillsides and grazing, and returning farmland to forest could have proved that forestry ecological construction of this area had made considerable progress. However, how about effects of soil erosion control lack any systematic quantitative study, in addition, there has large deviations between predicted and experimental results, which seriously affected the evaluation of the project benefits. In view of this, the paper combining RS and GIS, with Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation(RUSLE), calculated soil erosion modulus of Loess Plateau Shaanxi Province in 2000. Choosing 55 urban areas and counties as test samples, modeling the relationship between landscape indices and soil erosion modulus, the paper attempted to predict soil erosion in a middle scale, and provided a scientific basis for soil and water conservation and ecological restoration work in Loess Plateau. The results of this paper are: (1)The northern study area has flat terrain, good natural conditions, and soil erosion modulus is lower. The average largest loss modulus regions were located in the southwest, the ecological conditions of Baoji county was relatively poor; (2)Landscape indices of land use in study area can better reflect the situation of soil erosion, and open up new ways for soil erosion prediction; (3)GIS-desktop database system was established, based on C~# language and ArcGIS Engine component, including graphics database and property database, meanwhile, the unified storage of land use data resources was achieved, that has a very good grasp of land use and soil erosion in the study area.
引文
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