大学生行为特点及管理研究
摘要
进入21世纪,世界政治、经济、文化的飞速发展,不断冲击着人们的思想观念,影响着人们的行为方式。同时,随着我国社会主义市场经济的建立和不断完善,给高校的教育发展带来了机遇和挑战。如何站在时代的高度,适时、适度,准确、高效地进行高校大学生管理,培养合格的“四有”新人,是摆在高校教育工作者面前的一个重大的历史课题。
本文从五个方面对大学生行为特点及管理进行了研究和论述。第一,从“行为”相关概念入手,从“行为”、“行为学”的定义导出“大学生行为”这一研究对象,阐明了大学生行为产生机制,揭示了大学生行为特点及管理研究的重要意义。第二,从内潜、外现两方面详细分析大学生不同侧面的行为特点,在归纳出这些行为总的特点后,对其进行了人格滞后分析。第三,从正反两个方面阐述了大学生行为管理的现状。第四,系统地研究了大学生行为管理理论及对策。第五,提出了做好大学生行为管理工作的保障措施。这些研究对于新形势下做好高校大学生管理工作具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。
Since college entrance examination resumed in 1978,there has been more than twenty years of reforming and opening up to the world. The higher education in our country has developed swiftly, offering enormous intellectual support and exportable talent for national economic and social development. But with the international and domestic developing and changing situation and university's own deepening reformation, there has presented a lot of new problems in the management of college students' education, which requires university's educators to change educational thought objectively, upgrade the educational idea, reply actively , think calmly, analyze rationally and summarize scientifically.This text has discussed university students' behavior characteristic and management from five aspects. First is the relevant concepts of colleges' behavior. Secondly, it analyses their behavior characteristics and the lagging personality in detail from different sides. Thirdly, it explains the current situation of university student's behavior management from two respects in positive and negative attitude. Fourthly, it studies systematically university student's behavior management theory and practice .The five is safeguarding steps for university student's behavior management.Firstly, relevant concepts of colleges' behavior. On broad sense colleges' behavior refers to: all words and deeds behaving in the daily study , life , activity and work of university students, who study , live in the campus and accept higher education. University students' behavior is the object of behaviouristics, which is a science that studies the character and regulation of colleges behavior's emergence, development and changing and predicts , regulates and controls university student's behavior activity. The behavior of university students is made up of three key elements, namely the stimulation from
external environment , structure and behavior of personality motive force. The structure of university students 'personality motive force is made up of "three class structures and ten key elements ".The behavior that simply applies Marlow's behavioral science theory as university student's behavior theory method can only encourage individualism and belittle university student's personality judgment in moral and thought, contrary to the objective of training all-round talents for social development. By studying universal law of university student behavior's produce and change, we can not only make the practice in university students' management get rid of the state of tackling a problem on the surface, find methods meeting university student's behavior characteristic and guide , correct and train university student's behavior, but also find the basis for students realizing themselves correctly at the same time.Secondly, analysis of university student's behavior characteristic. This text analyses university students' potential behavior character from four aspects: recognition, emotion, interest and self-consciousness .It also studies nine main aspects of outsider behavior which are studying .social practice and scientific innovation, finding and choosing a job, network, social behavior, consumer behavior, love behavior , impermissible behavior and setback behavior etc. Sum up university students' behavior as the following characteristic: firstly, entity. Contemporary university students' subject consciousness is generally strengthened, emphasizing the independence , indbehaependence , alternative and creativity. Secondly, dual character . University students have the contradictions of independence with disciplined by others , purpose and random , steady and sudden and independence and dependence in the course of growing up, which reflecting the dual character .Thirdly, practical. With gradual establishment of socialist market economy system, university students begin keeping practical and progressive value orientation .Fourthly, the change . The change of the behavior is a remarkable characteristic of contemporary university students. Through analyzing university students' lagging personality ,it appears easily that : on the one hand,
the environmental stimulation university students face changes more. On the other hand, the intelligence is powerful among all kinds of forces in university students' black case of personality. But thought and morals strength, will strength and strength of introspecting are more or less insufficient and not powerful.Thirdly, analysis of current situation in university students' behavior management. University students management is a sum of probing and studying the law of university student's behavior course and guiding, appraising , correcting and controlling university student's behavior purpose , behavior means and behavior result to make them get correct positive behavior , form good behavior habit , prevent wrong passive behavior, correct the bad behavior habit and cultivate the noble moral. On one hand, the higher school makes great efforts to explore a set of effectual working way and method around talent's training objective, and has carried on beneficial research and discussion on the scientific process , standardization of student's management, having obtained certain achievement. The management idea of" People First " can be admitted and reflected basically. On the other hand, the factors of the society transition, teaching management system's reforming ,expansion of the enrollment, logistics socializing and swift development in information age bring severe challenge to university student's behavior management. And a lot of new problems have appeared , which requiring university's educators to change the idea and meet the difficulty.Fourthly, stratagem and application of university student's behavior management .The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issues " the suggestion on strengthening and improving university student's ideological and political education further " (File No. 14) in October of 2004, putting forward the requirement for university student's ideological and political education, has offered the theoretical foundation for research of university student's behavior management and pointed out the political orientation. This text has focused on intact research in the intension , characteristic , concrete content, way and method of university student's behavior management
and established the solid theoretical foundation for practice of university student's behavior management. The concrete practice stratagem includes: First, It is to guide student's behavior from two respects to encouraging and strengthening: Exciting university students' subjective motive and more high-level inherent demand and encouraging them to adopt the correct and appropriate behavior towards the correct goal; Affirm and reward the correct behavior of university students in time. Criticize and correct the wrong behavior of university students in time and the serious one should be disciplined as a warning. Second, university students will appear with two kinds of passive attitudes actively after suffering the setback .Try to regulate them and transform the passive attitude into a positive one. Third, establish objective management to university student's behavior , set up the total management objectives and the sub goal of layer and form the goal network, resolving and controlling step by step , to make university student's behavior more systematic, standardizing and scientific in management. Fourth, facing the more and more serious university students' psychological problem, it is demanded to launch the psychological health education taking psychological consultation as main content with different psychological reason and characteristic. Fifth, It is necessary to implement the own managing of university students. After melting in one selfs consciousness and further outside turn behavior, it needs " want me to make " for " I want to make ". Sixth, try to keep up with the tendency of the day, press close to student's reality. According to the reality with expanded intension and piracy in behavior management and thought work during Internet era, try to go into the network and utilize the network to manage university student's behavior. Seventh, utilize the campus culture 's science trait as a platform to structure outstanding campus culture, promoting managing in university student's behavior.Fifthly, safeguarding steps for university student's behavior management. It can't go without the school's polices and rules and material holds in order to do well in managing university student's behavior. The highly stressing of political leaders in high schools is the
本文从五个方面对大学生行为特点及管理进行了研究和论述。第一,从“行为”相关概念入手,从“行为”、“行为学”的定义导出“大学生行为”这一研究对象,阐明了大学生行为产生机制,揭示了大学生行为特点及管理研究的重要意义。第二,从内潜、外现两方面详细分析大学生不同侧面的行为特点,在归纳出这些行为总的特点后,对其进行了人格滞后分析。第三,从正反两个方面阐述了大学生行为管理的现状。第四,系统地研究了大学生行为管理理论及对策。第五,提出了做好大学生行为管理工作的保障措施。这些研究对于新形势下做好高校大学生管理工作具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。
Since college entrance examination resumed in 1978,there has been more than twenty years of reforming and opening up to the world. The higher education in our country has developed swiftly, offering enormous intellectual support and exportable talent for national economic and social development. But with the international and domestic developing and changing situation and university's own deepening reformation, there has presented a lot of new problems in the management of college students' education, which requires university's educators to change educational thought objectively, upgrade the educational idea, reply actively , think calmly, analyze rationally and summarize scientifically.This text has discussed university students' behavior characteristic and management from five aspects. First is the relevant concepts of colleges' behavior. Secondly, it analyses their behavior characteristics and the lagging personality in detail from different sides. Thirdly, it explains the current situation of university student's behavior management from two respects in positive and negative attitude. Fourthly, it studies systematically university student's behavior management theory and practice .The five is safeguarding steps for university student's behavior management.Firstly, relevant concepts of colleges' behavior. On broad sense colleges' behavior refers to: all words and deeds behaving in the daily study , life , activity and work of university students, who study , live in the campus and accept higher education. University students' behavior is the object of behaviouristics, which is a science that studies the character and regulation of colleges behavior's emergence, development and changing and predicts , regulates and controls university student's behavior activity. The behavior of university students is made up of three key elements, namely the stimulation from
external environment , structure and behavior of personality motive force. The structure of university students 'personality motive force is made up of "three class structures and ten key elements ".The behavior that simply applies Marlow's behavioral science theory as university student's behavior theory method can only encourage individualism and belittle university student's personality judgment in moral and thought, contrary to the objective of training all-round talents for social development. By studying universal law of university student behavior's produce and change, we can not only make the practice in university students' management get rid of the state of tackling a problem on the surface, find methods meeting university student's behavior characteristic and guide , correct and train university student's behavior, but also find the basis for students realizing themselves correctly at the same time.Secondly, analysis of university student's behavior characteristic. This text analyses university students' potential behavior character from four aspects: recognition, emotion, interest and self-consciousness .It also studies nine main aspects of outsider behavior which are studying .social practice and scientific innovation, finding and choosing a job, network, social behavior, consumer behavior, love behavior , impermissible behavior and setback behavior etc. Sum up university students' behavior as the following characteristic: firstly, entity. Contemporary university students' subject consciousness is generally strengthened, emphasizing the independence , indbehaependence , alternative and creativity. Secondly, dual character . University students have the contradictions of independence with disciplined by others , purpose and random , steady and sudden and independence and dependence in the course of growing up, which reflecting the dual character .Thirdly, practical. With gradual establishment of socialist market economy system, university students begin keeping practical and progressive value orientation .Fourthly, the change . The change of the behavior is a remarkable characteristic of contemporary university students. Through analyzing university students' lagging personality ,it appears easily that : on the one hand,
the environmental stimulation university students face changes more. On the other hand, the intelligence is powerful among all kinds of forces in university students' black case of personality. But thought and morals strength, will strength and strength of introspecting are more or less insufficient and not powerful.Thirdly, analysis of current situation in university students' behavior management. University students management is a sum of probing and studying the law of university student's behavior course and guiding, appraising , correcting and controlling university student's behavior purpose , behavior means and behavior result to make them get correct positive behavior , form good behavior habit , prevent wrong passive behavior, correct the bad behavior habit and cultivate the noble moral. On one hand, the higher school makes great efforts to explore a set of effectual working way and method around talent's training objective, and has carried on beneficial research and discussion on the scientific process , standardization of student's management, having obtained certain achievement. The management idea of" People First " can be admitted and reflected basically. On the other hand, the factors of the society transition, teaching management system's reforming ,expansion of the enrollment, logistics socializing and swift development in information age bring severe challenge to university student's behavior management. And a lot of new problems have appeared , which requiring university's educators to change the idea and meet the difficulty.Fourthly, stratagem and application of university student's behavior management .The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issues " the suggestion on strengthening and improving university student's ideological and political education further " (File No. 14) in October of 2004, putting forward the requirement for university student's ideological and political education, has offered the theoretical foundation for research of university student's behavior management and pointed out the political orientation. This text has focused on intact research in the intension , characteristic , concrete content, way and method of university student's behavior management
and established the solid theoretical foundation for practice of university student's behavior management. The concrete practice stratagem includes: First, It is to guide student's behavior from two respects to encouraging and strengthening: Exciting university students' subjective motive and more high-level inherent demand and encouraging them to adopt the correct and appropriate behavior towards the correct goal; Affirm and reward the correct behavior of university students in time. Criticize and correct the wrong behavior of university students in time and the serious one should be disciplined as a warning. Second, university students will appear with two kinds of passive attitudes actively after suffering the setback .Try to regulate them and transform the passive attitude into a positive one. Third, establish objective management to university student's behavior , set up the total management objectives and the sub goal of layer and form the goal network, resolving and controlling step by step , to make university student's behavior more systematic, standardizing and scientific in management. Fourth, facing the more and more serious university students' psychological problem, it is demanded to launch the psychological health education taking psychological consultation as main content with different psychological reason and characteristic. Fifth, It is necessary to implement the own managing of university students. After melting in one selfs consciousness and further outside turn behavior, it needs " want me to make " for " I want to make ". Sixth, try to keep up with the tendency of the day, press close to student's reality. According to the reality with expanded intension and piracy in behavior management and thought work during Internet era, try to go into the network and utilize the network to manage university student's behavior. Seventh, utilize the campus culture 's science trait as a platform to structure outstanding campus culture, promoting managing in university student's behavior.Fifthly, safeguarding steps for university student's behavior management. It can't go without the school's polices and rules and material holds in order to do well in managing university student's behavior. The highly stressing of political leaders in high schools is the
引文
1、陈秉公著:《21世纪思想政治教育工作创新理论体系》吉林教育出版社2000年12月版 第334、618页。
2、王淑兰著:《青年心理学概论》陕西师范大学出版社1986年版第81-82、145-148、199-201页。
3、冬青著:《揭开行为的奥秘——行为科学概论》中国经济出版社 1987年版 第45、227-228页。
4、薛天祥著:《高等教育管理学》华东师范大学出版社 1997年版 第32、98-99页。
5、张德著:《组织行为学》高等教育出版社1999年7月版 第40-42页。
6、周三多著:《管理学原理与方法》复旦大学出版社2003年11月版 第523页。
7、陈秉公著:《大学生人格学》长春出版社1989年版 第216-219页。
8、宋书文著:《高校思想政治教育工作心理探索》教育科学出版社1994年版 第359、第364-366页。
9、董新华著:《大学生行为学》东南大学出版社1992年版 第122-124、144-145页。
10、陈秉公著:《追求卓越——怎样成为跨世纪的强者》 吉林人民出版社1998年版第1页。
11、武任恒著:《高校大学生管理模式的新探索》南昌职业技术师范学院学报2000年4期第9-10页。
12、涂争鸣著:《大学生行为学的研究对象和任务》有色金属高教 研究1999年4期第105-107页。
13、邹海贵 常立农:《大学生科技创新活动的内涵、特征及价值探索》华南大学学报2002年4期 第13-14页。
14、徐鹰:《大学生道德知行分离的原因及解决思路》湖南城建高等专科学报2000年4期 第56页。
15、孟风英:《转型时期大学生思想观念与行为模式分析》许昌师专学报2000年6期 第111-112页。
16、张展基 黄文勇:《转型期大学生思想行为特点及其对策》华南农业大学学报2001年2期 第33-34页。
17、王志强:《论大学生行为特点及行为倾向》吉林师范大学学报2002年6期 第70-71页。
18、付彬:《当代大学生行为动力机制诠释》 高教研究2003年5期 第37-38页。
19、张豪锋:《大学生社会实践发展的新趋势》河南师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)1994年1期 第103-104页。
20、赵金凤:《大学生社会实践的发展走向》长春大学学报2002年2期 第72-73页。
21、张昊:《当代大学生越轨行为探析》黑龙江高等教育2004年2期 第106-107页。
22、罗斌:《大学生心理疏导工作探析》长沙民族职业技术学院学报2002年1期 第28-29页。
23、《中共中央国务院关于进一步加强和改进大学生思想政治教育的意见》2004年10月 http://www.gmw.cn。
24、刘福州:《论心理咨询在思想政治工作中的功能与作用》阜阳师院学报1996年1期 第72-74页。
2、王淑兰著:《青年心理学概论》陕西师范大学出版社1986年版第81-82、145-148、199-201页。
3、冬青著:《揭开行为的奥秘——行为科学概论》中国经济出版社 1987年版 第45、227-228页。
4、薛天祥著:《高等教育管理学》华东师范大学出版社 1997年版 第32、98-99页。
5、张德著:《组织行为学》高等教育出版社1999年7月版 第40-42页。
6、周三多著:《管理学原理与方法》复旦大学出版社2003年11月版 第523页。
7、陈秉公著:《大学生人格学》长春出版社1989年版 第216-219页。
8、宋书文著:《高校思想政治教育工作心理探索》教育科学出版社1994年版 第359、第364-366页。
9、董新华著:《大学生行为学》东南大学出版社1992年版 第122-124、144-145页。
10、陈秉公著:《追求卓越——怎样成为跨世纪的强者》 吉林人民出版社1998年版第1页。
11、武任恒著:《高校大学生管理模式的新探索》南昌职业技术师范学院学报2000年4期第9-10页。
12、涂争鸣著:《大学生行为学的研究对象和任务》有色金属高教 研究1999年4期第105-107页。
13、邹海贵 常立农:《大学生科技创新活动的内涵、特征及价值探索》华南大学学报2002年4期 第13-14页。
14、徐鹰:《大学生道德知行分离的原因及解决思路》湖南城建高等专科学报2000年4期 第56页。
15、孟风英:《转型时期大学生思想观念与行为模式分析》许昌师专学报2000年6期 第111-112页。
16、张展基 黄文勇:《转型期大学生思想行为特点及其对策》华南农业大学学报2001年2期 第33-34页。
17、王志强:《论大学生行为特点及行为倾向》吉林师范大学学报2002年6期 第70-71页。
18、付彬:《当代大学生行为动力机制诠释》 高教研究2003年5期 第37-38页。
19、张豪锋:《大学生社会实践发展的新趋势》河南师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)1994年1期 第103-104页。
20、赵金凤:《大学生社会实践的发展走向》长春大学学报2002年2期 第72-73页。
21、张昊:《当代大学生越轨行为探析》黑龙江高等教育2004年2期 第106-107页。
22、罗斌:《大学生心理疏导工作探析》长沙民族职业技术学院学报2002年1期 第28-29页。
23、《中共中央国务院关于进一步加强和改进大学生思想政治教育的意见》2004年10月 http://www.gmw.cn。
24、刘福州:《论心理咨询在思想政治工作中的功能与作用》阜阳师院学报1996年1期 第72-74页。