光面爆破技术在不稳固岩体掘进中的研究和应用
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摘要
在国内许多诸如山东省焦家金矿开拓巷道掘进中,遇到了大量不稳固岩体,岩体主要以碎裂蚀变花岗岩为主,结构发育,裂隙面多,坚固性系数f=4～5,属于Ⅳ类不稳固围岩。若采用普通的爆破方法,极易破碎塌落,给掘进带来很大困难和安全隐患。笔者从有利于巷道维护的角度出发,对不稳固岩体巷道掘进的光爆技术进行了综合性研究。运用爆炸应力波和岩石断裂力学理论,对光面爆破的成缝机理(即启裂、扩展、止裂)进行研究,在分析光面爆破成缝机理的基础上,推导出了光面爆破周边参数理论计算公式。运用爆轰波理论对光面爆破空气垫层装药时孔壁的初始压力和准静压力作了推导,分析了不耦合系数大小对光面爆破效果的影响,得出了不产生压碎区的最佳不耦合系数。同时较详细地分析了影响光面爆破效果的因素并提出了有效的控制措施。在理论分析的基础上,结合焦家金矿-190m北大巷光面爆破现场工业试验,并运用多目标灰色局势决策原理,优化了一组适合焦家金矿不稳固岩体掘进的螺旋掏槽方式和光爆参数(最佳光爆参数是:E=450mm,W=550mm,q=0.22kg/m)。通过在焦家金矿不稳固岩体全断面一次光面爆破掘进的试验应用,取得了良好的光面爆破效果,控制了超挖量、巷道成型质量好、掘进速度快、施工安全性高。
因此,本文的研究成果可为类似不稳固围岩巷进行光面爆破施工提供有益的参考。
During the development of tunnel drivage of many domestic gold mine such as Jiaojia Gold Mine in Shandong Province, encountered a lot of unstable rock mass, The rock mass is mainly disruption and alteration granite, Rock's structure growth and many crevasse surface, and rugged coefficient is f=4～5, It belongs to IV kide unstable wall rock. If using ordinary blasting, rock is extremely easy to collapse, It can bring to the tunneling is very great difficulties and potential safety problems. From angle embarking of the author is advantageous to maintain the tunnel, Comprehensively researched to the smooth blasting technology of the underground unstable rock mass. Using explosives stress wave and rock fracture mechanics theory, researched about the cracking mechanism(opening the crack、Expansion、Fracture-arrest) of smooth blasting, On the basis of analysising smooth blasting's cracking mechanism, Inferred theoretical calculation formula of smooth blasting's Peripheral parameters. The initial pressure and quasi-static pressure of the hole wall was deduced with detonation wave theory when smooth blasting charged with air cushion, Have analyzed not coupling coefficient size to influence the effect of smooth blasting, Obtained the best not coupling coefficient without the squash area. Simultaneously has analyzed the factors of impacting smooth blasting's effect and proposed the effective regulatory measures. In theoretical analysis foundation, Combined the smooth blasting industrial test in the North tunnel of Jiaojia Gold Mine and used the multi-objective grey situation theory, Optimized a group to suit the spiral cutting ways and the smooth blasting parameters of Jiaojia gold mine's unstable rock drivage(the best smooth blasting parameters: E=450mm, W=550mm, q=0.22kg/m) . Through the experiment and application of using whole cross section smooth blasting in Jiaojia Gold Mine's unstable rock mass, It can obtain the good smooth blasting effect, And Controll overbreak quantity、the tunnel forming quality is good、driving fast、the construction security is high.
So, The research results of this paper can provide the beneficial reference for Similar smooth blasting construction in the unstable rock tunnel.
因此,本文的研究成果可为类似不稳固围岩巷进行光面爆破施工提供有益的参考。
During the development of tunnel drivage of many domestic gold mine such as Jiaojia Gold Mine in Shandong Province, encountered a lot of unstable rock mass, The rock mass is mainly disruption and alteration granite, Rock's structure growth and many crevasse surface, and rugged coefficient is f=4～5, It belongs to IV kide unstable wall rock. If using ordinary blasting, rock is extremely easy to collapse, It can bring to the tunneling is very great difficulties and potential safety problems. From angle embarking of the author is advantageous to maintain the tunnel, Comprehensively researched to the smooth blasting technology of the underground unstable rock mass. Using explosives stress wave and rock fracture mechanics theory, researched about the cracking mechanism(opening the crack、Expansion、Fracture-arrest) of smooth blasting, On the basis of analysising smooth blasting's cracking mechanism, Inferred theoretical calculation formula of smooth blasting's Peripheral parameters. The initial pressure and quasi-static pressure of the hole wall was deduced with detonation wave theory when smooth blasting charged with air cushion, Have analyzed not coupling coefficient size to influence the effect of smooth blasting, Obtained the best not coupling coefficient without the squash area. Simultaneously has analyzed the factors of impacting smooth blasting's effect and proposed the effective regulatory measures. In theoretical analysis foundation, Combined the smooth blasting industrial test in the North tunnel of Jiaojia Gold Mine and used the multi-objective grey situation theory, Optimized a group to suit the spiral cutting ways and the smooth blasting parameters of Jiaojia gold mine's unstable rock drivage(the best smooth blasting parameters: E=450mm, W=550mm, q=0.22kg/m) . Through the experiment and application of using whole cross section smooth blasting in Jiaojia Gold Mine's unstable rock mass, It can obtain the good smooth blasting effect, And Controll overbreak quantity、the tunnel forming quality is good、driving fast、the construction security is high.
So, The research results of this paper can provide the beneficial reference for Similar smooth blasting construction in the unstable rock tunnel.
引文
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[39]M.Innaurato,R.Mancini,and M.Cardu.On the Influence of Rock Mass Quality on the Quality of Blasting Work in Tunnel driving[J].Tunnelling and Undergorund Space Technology,2004,13(1):81-98
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[43]Kumano A,Godsmith W,An analytical and experimental investigation of the effect of impact on coarse granuler rock.Rock mech.1982,15:67-97
[44]Fournet.W L,Daily J W,Holloway D C.Controlled blasting with Ligmented charge holder,int,J.Rock Mech,Min,SCI,1978,15(3):184-188
[45]Singh,S.P.Mining industry and blast damage[J].Joumal of Mines Metals and Furls,2003(12):465-472
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[58]郭义奎,张登龙.软岩中巷道掘进光面爆破参数的计算分析[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,2003(1):102-105
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[3]戴俊,杨永琦.软岩巷道周边控制爆破的研究[J].煤炭学报,2003,25(4):374-378
[4]郭义奎,张登龙.软岩中巷道掘进光面爆破参数的计算分析[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,2003(1):102-105
[5]徐彦胜.小断面深埋软岩隧道光面爆破试验研究[J],武汉科技大学学报(自然科学版),2005,28(2):188-190
[6]边振华.用有限元动力分析法计算光面爆破的光面层厚度[J].爆破,1998,15(1):6-9
[7]刘海增.光面爆破技术在不稳固采准巷道中的应用[J].中国矿山工程,2006,(2):32-35
[8]王辉镜.软弱岩层中平巷掘进的光面爆破[J].中国钨业,2002,17(3):24-26
[9]王剑波等.不稳固采矿巷道光面爆破技术及应用[J].西部探矿工程,2004(2):91-92
[10]肖木恩.光面爆破技术在破碎岩体掘进中的应用[J].矿业研究与开发,2005,(4):78-79
[11]杨军.现代爆破技术[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,2004:103-104
[12]徐颖,吕渊.软岩光面爆破参数的理论探讨[J].第七届工程爆破学术会议论文集,2002,111-115
[13]张奇.自由面在光面爆破中的作用[J].爆破,1988,(2):28-29
[14]Koehler,M,Carey,J.Blasting techniques to control roof failure in underground Limestone mine.In:Proceedings of the 28 Conference on Explosive sand B lasting Techniques,Febniary 2003,Las Vegas:91-102
[15]程玉生等.平巷预裂成缝机理的理论研究[J].建井技术,1997(增刊):15-18
[16]李庆芬主编.断裂力学及其工程应用[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,1998
[17]Fcumey W.L.Fragmentations tudies with smallf laws.Rock Fracture Mechanics.Fed,by Rossmanith HP.CISM,Udine(1983):321-324
[18]张志呈.岩石爆破裂纹的起裂、扩展、分岔与止裂[J].爆破,1999,16(4):21-24
[19]Perrson P A,Lundborg N,Johansson C H,The Basic Mechanisms in Rock Blasting,In:Proc 2th CongrInt Soc Rock Mech,Beograd,1970,19-33
[20]卢文波等.爆生气体驱动的裂纹扩展速度研究[J].爆炸与冲击,1994(3):264-268.
[21]Rustan Aetal.Cautions Blasting in Hand lionted Rockmodel Studies in:Blasting Committee Discussion Meeting in Stockholm.1979.115-150
[22]秦明武.光面爆破参数设计探讨[J].控制爆破专辑,1994
[23]宗琦,马芹永.光面爆破参数的理论分析[J].阜新矿业学院学报,1994(10):23-25
[24]秦明武.光面爆破参数设计探讨[J].控制爆破专辑,1994
[25]辛洪波.冶金矿山难采矿体采矿技术[M].冶金工业出版社,1994
[26]LiuL、Kasabanis PD.Numerical modeling of the effects of air deck in decoupling in production and controlled blasting.In:Proceed of 5th int symp on rock frag by blasting,Mohanty,Canada:[s.n.],2004
[27]Moxon and Richardso,Air-decloed blasting techniques:Some collaborative experiments Trans.Zestn Min.Metall(sect A:Min industry),v102 January-April,2003。
[28]戴俊.岩石动力学特性与爆破理论[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2002
[29]徐颖,孟益平,程玉生.装药不耦合系数对爆破裂纹控制的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,12
[30]杨光杰,王振强.影响石材爆破效果因素分析及措施[J].中国矿业,2005,(4)
[31]Moxon and Richardson,Air-decloed blasting techniques:Some collaborative experiments Trans.Zestn Min.Metall(sect A:Min industry),v102 January-April,1993
[32]徐颖,宗琦.地下工程爆破理论与应用[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社.2001
[33]纽强.岩石爆破机理[M].沈阳:东北工学院出版社,1990:52-53
[34]Brown A G,Davids T,Jordaan O J,etal.Luck Explosives Test Work at Duvha Opencast[C].Proceeding of the Thiaeenth Conference on Explosives And Blasting Technique.Sponsored by Society Of Explosives Engineers Annual Meeting 1987.Miami.Florida.6-20.
[35]王文龙.钻眼爆破[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1989
[36]宗琦,陆鹏举 罗强.光面爆破空气垫层装药轴向不耦合系数理论研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005(3):1048-1049
[37]张志呈.定向断裂控制爆破[M].重庆:重庆出版社,2003:125
[38]AH.啥努卡耶夫.矿岩爆破物理过程.刘殿中译.北京:冶金工业出版社,1980
[39]M.Innaurato,R.Mancini,and M.Cardu.On the Influence of Rock Mass Quality on the Quality of Blasting Work in Tunnel driving[J].Tunnelling and Undergorund Space Technology,2004,13(1):81-98
[40]戴俊,冯贵文.井巷光面爆破超挖分析与控制[J].建井术,2003,22(1):23-25
[41]W.L.Fourmey,D.C.Holloway.Fracture control blasting.in:DR.Calvin,J.Konya.Proc.of the tenth conf.on expl.and blasting tech.Orlando,FLORIDA.1984,182-195
[42]戴俊.岩石动力学特性与爆破理论[M].北京,冶金工业出版社,2002
[43]Kumano A,Godsmith W,An analytical and experimental investigation of the effect of impact on coarse granuler rock.Rock mech.1982,15:67-97
[44]Fournet.W L,Daily J W,Holloway D C.Controlled blasting with Ligmented charge holder,int,J.Rock Mech,Min,SCI,1978,15(3):184-188
[45]Singh,S.P.Mining industry and blast damage[J].Joumal of Mines Metals and Furls,2003(12):465-472
[46]洪启超.工程断裂力学基础[M].上海:上海交通大学出版社,1987,58-60
[47]Thorne,B.7.Application of a Damage Model for Rock Fragmentation to the straight Creek Mine Blast Experiments,SAND,1991,91-1867
[48]R.L.Ash.The Mechanics of Rock Breakage-Part 1～4.Pit and Quarry,1963,Vol.56,No.2-
[49]宗琦.装药结构对爆破能量传递的影响[J].阜新矿业学院学报,1997,16(1):51-54
[50]王树仁,陈玉生.钻眼爆破简明教程[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1989
[51]王文龙.钻眼爆破[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社[M].1984
[52]段宝福,费鸿禄.岩体性质与爆破效果的灰关联度分析[J].爆破,1998,(3):20-23
[53]徐颖,刘积铭,傅菊根.井巷掘进微差爆破合理间隔时间模型试验研究[J].工程爆破,1996,2(3):14-18
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