TiO_2纳米材料及其薄膜的制备和性能研究
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摘要
纳米材料因其特殊的性能和潜在的应用前景而成为当前科学研究的焦点之一。纳米材料的光学、电学和机械性能强烈依赖其形态和维度。如何操纵纳米粒子的形貌、晶体结构和尺寸并将纳米粒子按照人们的意愿有序的组织起来构成具有特定功能的纳米器件,是纳米科学研究的热点,也是纳米科学走向实际应用的关键。本论文以TiO2材料为研究对象,发展了TiO2纳米结构材料及其薄膜的制备方法,研究了材料的光催化性能。主要研究内容和结果如下:
1.有序一维TiO2纳米结构阵列的构建。利用液相沉积方法(LPD)在导电玻璃表面一步直接生长出有序排列的单晶TiO2纳米棒和纳米线阵列薄膜。运用XRD、TEM、SEM、Raman等手段对薄膜的形貌和结构进行了表征。考察了各种沉积条件对薄膜形貌的影响。
2. TiO2纳米晶的低温合成及其光催化性能研究。系统研究了TiO2纳米晶的低温生长习性,提出一种简单的方法于室温、常压、水溶液中合成了晶化程度高、形貌均一、单相TiO2纳米晶,实现了室温下对TiO2纳米晶形貌、晶相和尺寸的调控。合成的花状和棒状TiO2纳米晶展现出优异的光催化性能,其对甲基橙的光催化降解效率是商用光催化剂P25的两倍。
3.气泡模板方法构建中空TiO2纳微米材料。利用一种新颖的气泡模板路线构建出微米尺寸、中空的TiO2材料。运用XRD、TEM、SEM等手段对产物的形貌和结构进行了表征。并提出了中空TiO2材料可能的形成机制。为中空TiO2纳微材料的构建提供了一条新颖的途径。
Nanostructured materials have become an active research field due to their unique properties different from bulk materials and potential applications. Optical,electronic and mechanical properties of nanostructure materials strongly depend on their morphology and dimensionality. Therefore, it is very significant to develop simple methods to synthesize highly active nanocrystals with controlled morphology, size and crystalline structure, and align nanocrystals to fabricate nanodevices with special functions. In this work, novel approaches to synthesize TiO2 nanostructure materials and films with various morphologies and dimensionalities were proposed, and their properties were also investigated. The main contents are as follows:
1. Fabrication of aligned TiO2 nanorod and nanowire arrays. A systematic study on the method to fabricate one-dimensional TiO2 nanostructure arrays was performed. And aligned single-crystalline TiO2 nanorod and nanowire arrays were fabricated directly on conductive glasses coated with SnO2:F film by a simple liquid phase deposition (LPD) method. The one-dimensional nanostructure arrays were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transition electron microscopy and Raman spectrometry. And the effects of various experimental conditions on the morphology of the films were concluded.
2. Room temperature synthesis of uniform TiO2 nanocrystals. A systematic study on the low-temperature growth behavior of TiO2 nanocrystals was performed. Uniform TiO2 nanocrystals with controlled morphology and crystalline form were synthesized at room temperature and under atmospheric pressure by a simple method. The as-prepared flowerlike and rodlike rutile TiO2 nanocrystals exhibit excellent photocatalytic performance, and their photocatalytic degradation effeciencies for methyl orange are almost twice that of the commercial photocatalyst P25.
3. Fabrication of micrometer-scale hollow TiO2 materials via a bubble-template approach. Micrometer-scale hollow TiO2 materials have been synthesized by a bubble-template method. The as-prepared products were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. And a possible mechanism was proposed. The bubble-template strategy used in the synthetic process may represent a general approach to fabricate hollow micro- and nanostructures.
1.有序一维TiO2纳米结构阵列的构建。利用液相沉积方法(LPD)在导电玻璃表面一步直接生长出有序排列的单晶TiO2纳米棒和纳米线阵列薄膜。运用XRD、TEM、SEM、Raman等手段对薄膜的形貌和结构进行了表征。考察了各种沉积条件对薄膜形貌的影响。
2. TiO2纳米晶的低温合成及其光催化性能研究。系统研究了TiO2纳米晶的低温生长习性,提出一种简单的方法于室温、常压、水溶液中合成了晶化程度高、形貌均一、单相TiO2纳米晶,实现了室温下对TiO2纳米晶形貌、晶相和尺寸的调控。合成的花状和棒状TiO2纳米晶展现出优异的光催化性能,其对甲基橙的光催化降解效率是商用光催化剂P25的两倍。
3.气泡模板方法构建中空TiO2纳微米材料。利用一种新颖的气泡模板路线构建出微米尺寸、中空的TiO2材料。运用XRD、TEM、SEM等手段对产物的形貌和结构进行了表征。并提出了中空TiO2材料可能的形成机制。为中空TiO2纳微材料的构建提供了一条新颖的途径。
Nanostructured materials have become an active research field due to their unique properties different from bulk materials and potential applications. Optical,electronic and mechanical properties of nanostructure materials strongly depend on their morphology and dimensionality. Therefore, it is very significant to develop simple methods to synthesize highly active nanocrystals with controlled morphology, size and crystalline structure, and align nanocrystals to fabricate nanodevices with special functions. In this work, novel approaches to synthesize TiO2 nanostructure materials and films with various morphologies and dimensionalities were proposed, and their properties were also investigated. The main contents are as follows:
1. Fabrication of aligned TiO2 nanorod and nanowire arrays. A systematic study on the method to fabricate one-dimensional TiO2 nanostructure arrays was performed. And aligned single-crystalline TiO2 nanorod and nanowire arrays were fabricated directly on conductive glasses coated with SnO2:F film by a simple liquid phase deposition (LPD) method. The one-dimensional nanostructure arrays were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transition electron microscopy and Raman spectrometry. And the effects of various experimental conditions on the morphology of the films were concluded.
2. Room temperature synthesis of uniform TiO2 nanocrystals. A systematic study on the low-temperature growth behavior of TiO2 nanocrystals was performed. Uniform TiO2 nanocrystals with controlled morphology and crystalline form were synthesized at room temperature and under atmospheric pressure by a simple method. The as-prepared flowerlike and rodlike rutile TiO2 nanocrystals exhibit excellent photocatalytic performance, and their photocatalytic degradation effeciencies for methyl orange are almost twice that of the commercial photocatalyst P25.
3. Fabrication of micrometer-scale hollow TiO2 materials via a bubble-template approach. Micrometer-scale hollow TiO2 materials have been synthesized by a bubble-template method. The as-prepared products were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. And a possible mechanism was proposed. The bubble-template strategy used in the synthetic process may represent a general approach to fabricate hollow micro- and nanostructures.
引文
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