高压大功率异步电动机驱动风机、泵类负载调速技术的研究
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摘要
风机和水泵在国民经济各部门中,应用数量众多,耗电量巨大,存在严重的节流损耗,而对风机、泵类负载进行节能的有效方法就是对其进行调速,因此积极推广高压大功率风机、泵类负载的调速技术具有重大的国民经济意义。
本文在客观分析国内外高压大功率异步电动机驱动风机、泵类负载相关调速技术现状并紧密结合中国实际国情的基础之上,认为转子侧的串级调速技术和定子侧的高压变频调速技术是两种比较好的调速方案,因此本文对这两种调速技术进行了较为全面的研究。
在新型串级调速系统的研究中,阐述了内馈斩波串级调速基本原理和内馈电机基本结构,并分析了其效率、节能效果及启动等问题,然后致力于内馈斩波串级调速的工程应用及基于PWM整流技术的串级调速系统拓扑结构和控制策略的理论研究,其主要研究内容及研究结果如下:
(1)采用DSP板件对内馈斩波串级调速系统中的斩波器实行数字式双闭环控制,并首次成功的应用于工业现场,取得良好的经济效益和社会效益。
(2)采用状态空间平均法建立了内馈斩波串级调速系统的数学模型,以此为基础,按照工程设计方法设计了速度、电流双闭环调节器。此外,还研究了内馈斩波串级调速系统的斩波器占空比同电机转速之间的关系,发现它们之间呈现线性变化关系。
(3)本文探索性地把PWM整流技术引入串级调速系统,不仅可以提高串级调速系统的功率因数和减少网侧谐波含量,还可以有效的防止逆变颠覆故障。同时借助瞬时无功功率理论,分析了基于PWM整流技术的串级调速系统提高功率因数的原理。
(4)建立了应用于串级调速系统的电压型PWM整流器的静态解耦模型,以此为基础进行了系统设计,并通过仿真和实验验证了该方案的可行性。除此之外,对基于电流型PWM整流技术及双PWM技术的串级调速系统进行了一些理论探讨和仿真,并分析了应用于串级调速系统中的三相电流型PWM整流器开关模式及其等效特性。
在高压变频调速系统的研究中,首先综述了定子侧高压变频器的拓扑结构和控制策略,然后主要致力于备受工业现场青睐的级联型多电平变频器及其相关特
Fans and pumps are widely used in industrial field. Huge power is consumed by them and much energy is wasted. The energy-saving method is to regulate their speed. If the speed adjustment technology is popularization, large benefits will be achieved.
In this dissertation, many kinds of speed adjustable technology are analyzed and the situation of our country is considered. In these methods, two better speed drive technologies are cascade speed drive technology and high voltage vary frequency technology. So the two speed drive technologies will be deeply studied in the dissertation.
In addition to the principle of cascade speed drive system and inner-feed motor basic framework are introduced. The engineering application of cascade speed drive system and control strategy and topology based on PWM converter are emphatically studied in novel cascade speed drive system. The main content and research results include:
(1) Digital double closed-loop control strategy on boost chopper of cascade speed drive system is applied in the industrial field for the first time and large benefits have been achieved.. The reliability and dynamic performance of the equipment also can be improved.
(2)The mathematical model of inner-feed chopper cascade speed drive system is presented by state space average method, the author design speed and current regulator according to engineering method based on the mathematical model. At the same time, it is found that the boost chopper of inner-feed cascade speed drive system is different from the conventional boost circuit. It is reverse process, its DC bus capacitance voltage is stabile, the motor speed will be changed by changing the occupation, the change relation between speed and occupation is linear.
(3)If the SCR inverter is substituted with the PWM converter, it can not only improve power factor but also decrease harmonic. Inverter failure can be avoided, too. The power factor compensation principle is analyzed based on the instantaneous reactive power theory.
本文在客观分析国内外高压大功率异步电动机驱动风机、泵类负载相关调速技术现状并紧密结合中国实际国情的基础之上,认为转子侧的串级调速技术和定子侧的高压变频调速技术是两种比较好的调速方案,因此本文对这两种调速技术进行了较为全面的研究。
在新型串级调速系统的研究中,阐述了内馈斩波串级调速基本原理和内馈电机基本结构,并分析了其效率、节能效果及启动等问题,然后致力于内馈斩波串级调速的工程应用及基于PWM整流技术的串级调速系统拓扑结构和控制策略的理论研究,其主要研究内容及研究结果如下:
(1)采用DSP板件对内馈斩波串级调速系统中的斩波器实行数字式双闭环控制,并首次成功的应用于工业现场,取得良好的经济效益和社会效益。
(2)采用状态空间平均法建立了内馈斩波串级调速系统的数学模型,以此为基础,按照工程设计方法设计了速度、电流双闭环调节器。此外,还研究了内馈斩波串级调速系统的斩波器占空比同电机转速之间的关系,发现它们之间呈现线性变化关系。
(3)本文探索性地把PWM整流技术引入串级调速系统,不仅可以提高串级调速系统的功率因数和减少网侧谐波含量,还可以有效的防止逆变颠覆故障。同时借助瞬时无功功率理论,分析了基于PWM整流技术的串级调速系统提高功率因数的原理。
(4)建立了应用于串级调速系统的电压型PWM整流器的静态解耦模型,以此为基础进行了系统设计,并通过仿真和实验验证了该方案的可行性。除此之外,对基于电流型PWM整流技术及双PWM技术的串级调速系统进行了一些理论探讨和仿真,并分析了应用于串级调速系统中的三相电流型PWM整流器开关模式及其等效特性。
在高压变频调速系统的研究中,首先综述了定子侧高压变频器的拓扑结构和控制策略,然后主要致力于备受工业现场青睐的级联型多电平变频器及其相关特
Fans and pumps are widely used in industrial field. Huge power is consumed by them and much energy is wasted. The energy-saving method is to regulate their speed. If the speed adjustment technology is popularization, large benefits will be achieved.
In this dissertation, many kinds of speed adjustable technology are analyzed and the situation of our country is considered. In these methods, two better speed drive technologies are cascade speed drive technology and high voltage vary frequency technology. So the two speed drive technologies will be deeply studied in the dissertation.
In addition to the principle of cascade speed drive system and inner-feed motor basic framework are introduced. The engineering application of cascade speed drive system and control strategy and topology based on PWM converter are emphatically studied in novel cascade speed drive system. The main content and research results include:
(1) Digital double closed-loop control strategy on boost chopper of cascade speed drive system is applied in the industrial field for the first time and large benefits have been achieved.. The reliability and dynamic performance of the equipment also can be improved.
(2)The mathematical model of inner-feed chopper cascade speed drive system is presented by state space average method, the author design speed and current regulator according to engineering method based on the mathematical model. At the same time, it is found that the boost chopper of inner-feed cascade speed drive system is different from the conventional boost circuit. It is reverse process, its DC bus capacitance voltage is stabile, the motor speed will be changed by changing the occupation, the change relation between speed and occupation is linear.
(3)If the SCR inverter is substituted with the PWM converter, it can not only improve power factor but also decrease harmonic. Inverter failure can be avoided, too. The power factor compensation principle is analyzed based on the instantaneous reactive power theory.
引文
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