水基成膜钻井液体系的研究与应用
|
摘要
目前,随着金刚石绳索取心工艺在地质取心钻探工程中的普及,钻井液与绳索取心工艺相匹配的问题也随之凸显出来,诸如钻井液的流变性能不满足绳索取心工艺对钻井液的要求、钻遇复杂地层尤其是强水敏性地层时,传统钻井液体系不能达到较好的护壁效果,从而导致孔内垮塌等问题。在石油钻探工程中出现了新型水基钻井液成膜技术理论,这类技术理论强调钻井液的成膜性能,能较好的解决复杂地层的护壁问题。
该理论认为,通过在水基钻井液中加入一种或几种具有成膜性能的处理剂,使钻井液能在泥页岩等这类强水敏性地层孔壁上形成一种高质量的膜,减弱或阻止钻井液滤液侵入地层,从而维持孔壁稳定,防止孔内事故的发生。因此,将水基钻井液成膜技术与理论引入到地质取心钻探工程中,并加以研究,使之形成与绳索取心工艺相匹配的钻井液体系,以期解决这些问题是很有必要的。
本文从金刚石绳索取心钻探工艺对钻井液的要求出发,运用水基钻井液成膜理论,通过大量正交试验,研究和开发了三种水基成膜钻井液体系,分别是:植物胶成膜钻井液体系、硅酸盐成膜钻井液体系和聚合物成膜钻井液体系,这三种水基成膜钻井液体系具有良好的成膜性能,对水敏性地层具有较强的抑制能力。同时运用回归分析方法,找出了在这三种钻井液体系中,标准岩心膨胀量与时间之间的关系。
植物胶成膜钻井液体系的研究采用正交试验的设计和分析方法,使用了KL植物胶作为成膜主剂,并通过与成膜助剂PAM、PVA以及Na2SiO3的复配试验,筛选出性能较好的复配方案,形成对水敏性和破碎性地层有较强抑制能力的植物胶成膜钻井液体系。
硅酸盐成膜钻井液体系的研究同样采用正交试验的设计和分析方法,使用了硅酸钠作为成膜主剂,并通过与成膜助剂PAM和抑制剂KCl的复配试验,筛选出性能较好的复配方案,形成对强水敏性地层有较强抑制、胶结能力的硅酸盐成膜钻井液体系。
聚合物成膜钻井液体系包括XY系列聚合物成膜钻井液体系和DP聚合物成膜钻井液体系两大部分。XY系列聚合物成膜钻井液体系使用了丙烯酸类聚合物作为成膜主剂,并通过与成膜助剂WST-100和S-1的复配试验,筛选出性能较好的复配方案。DP聚合物成膜钻井液体系使用了聚合醇类聚合物作为成膜主剂,并通过与成膜助剂P和成膜助剂C的复配试验,筛选出性能较好的复配方案。这两种聚合物成膜钻井液体系对水敏性地层都有较好的综合护壁效果。
植物胶成膜钻井液体系在四川地勘局113地质队所属古叙煤田石宝矿段ZK003孔和ZK6403孔和重庆巫山二郎庙滑坡勘察工程的BZK2孔和BZK19孔中得到应用,较好的解决了复杂地层的护壁问题和岩心采取率的问题,取得了较好的经济效益。
聚合物成膜钻井液体系在四川省木里县牦牛坪铜矿勘察项目的ZK0409孔和ZK0807孔和四川省筠连县孔雀乡塘坝煤田勘察中的ZK11-1和ZK9-1孔得到应用,较好的解决了水敏性地层的护壁问题和钻井液与绳索取心工艺的匹配问题,取得了良好的应用效果。
At the present time, with popularization of the diamond wire-line coring drilling technology in geology core drilling filed, the match problem of drilling fluid and diamond wire-line coring drilling technology has exposed now, such as rheology behavior of drilling fluid isn’t satisfaction the requirement of diamond wire-line coring drilling technology to drilling fluid, when drilling complex strata especially the water-sensitive strata, the traditional drilling fluid system can’t achieve a good effect of wall protection, thus lead to an hole collapsing accident and other issues.
Water-based film-forming drilling fluid technology is based on the film-forming theory of water-based drilling fluid, which proposed in recent years. According to this theory, by adding one or several kinds of film former into water-based drilling fluid, so enable it can form a kind of high quality film on the hole wall of strong water sensitivity formation such as shale etc. Thus weaken or prevent filtrate invasion the formation, maintenance the stability of hole wall, and avoid the occurrence of hole accident. Therefore, it’s very necessary to introduce the film-forming theory to geology core drilling filed and study it, give it a match system for wire-line coring drilling technology, finally solve these problems.
This article from the basic requirements of diamond wire-line coring drilling technology to drilling fluid, use the film-forming theory of water-based drilling fluid, and through a mass of orthogonal tests, research and develop three water-based film- forming drilling fluid systems: the film forming drilling fluid system of gum, the film forming drilling fluid system of silicate and polymer film forming drilling fluid system. These three drilling fluid system have a good film performance and strong restrain ability to the water-sensitive strata. Meanwhile, by using the Regression Analysis Method, finding out the relationship between expansion amount of the standard-core and the time.
For research the film forming drilling fluid system of gum, adopting the design and analysis method of orthogonal tests, using the KL gum as the main filming agent, through complex formulation tests of the additive filming agent PAM, PVA and Na2SiO3, selected the better performance complex formulation plan. Form film forming drilling fluid system of gum which has a strong restrain ability to water-sensitive and broken strata.
Research of the the film forming drilling fluid system of silicate also adopting the design and analysis method of orthogonal tests, using the Sodium Silicate as the main filming agent, through complex formulation tests of the additive filming agent PAM and inhibitor KCl, selected the better performance complex formulation plan. Form film forming drilling fluid system of gum which has a strong restrain ability to water-sensitive strata.
Polymer film forming drilling fluid system including two parts, which are the XY series of polymer film forming drilling fluid system and DP polymer film forming drilling fluid system. XY series of polymer film forming drilling fluid system, using the acrylic polymer as the main filming agent, through complex formulation tests of the additive filming agent WST-100 and S-1. Selected the better performance complex formulation plan DP polymer film forming drilling fluid system using the polyalcohol polymer as the main filming agent, through complex formulation tests of the additive filming agent P and additive C. selected the better performance complex formulation plan. This two kinds of polymer film forming drilling fluid system have a good synthetic wall protected effects to the water-sensitive strata.
By practical application with film forming drilling fluid system of gum in ZK003 and ZK6403 of Gu-Xu Coalfield Shi-Bao Ore Section, which belong to the Geological Prospecting Bureau of 113 Team. And also in BZK2 and BZK 19 of landslide Investigation Project, which are in the Erlang Temple of Chongqing Wushan. Solved the problem of wall protection and the rate of core recovery in complex strata.
The polymer film forming drilling fluid system applied in ZK0409 and ZK0807 of Copper Investigation Project, which are in Muli Mao-nv-ping of Sichuan. And also applied in ZK11-1 and ZK9-1 of Tangba Coalfield, which is in Junlian of Sichuan. Solved the problem of wall protection in water-sensitive strata and match problem between drilling fluid and diamond wire-line coring drilling technology, good application effect is obtained.
该理论认为,通过在水基钻井液中加入一种或几种具有成膜性能的处理剂,使钻井液能在泥页岩等这类强水敏性地层孔壁上形成一种高质量的膜,减弱或阻止钻井液滤液侵入地层,从而维持孔壁稳定,防止孔内事故的发生。因此,将水基钻井液成膜技术与理论引入到地质取心钻探工程中,并加以研究,使之形成与绳索取心工艺相匹配的钻井液体系,以期解决这些问题是很有必要的。
本文从金刚石绳索取心钻探工艺对钻井液的要求出发,运用水基钻井液成膜理论,通过大量正交试验,研究和开发了三种水基成膜钻井液体系,分别是:植物胶成膜钻井液体系、硅酸盐成膜钻井液体系和聚合物成膜钻井液体系,这三种水基成膜钻井液体系具有良好的成膜性能,对水敏性地层具有较强的抑制能力。同时运用回归分析方法,找出了在这三种钻井液体系中,标准岩心膨胀量与时间之间的关系。
植物胶成膜钻井液体系的研究采用正交试验的设计和分析方法,使用了KL植物胶作为成膜主剂,并通过与成膜助剂PAM、PVA以及Na2SiO3的复配试验,筛选出性能较好的复配方案,形成对水敏性和破碎性地层有较强抑制能力的植物胶成膜钻井液体系。
硅酸盐成膜钻井液体系的研究同样采用正交试验的设计和分析方法,使用了硅酸钠作为成膜主剂,并通过与成膜助剂PAM和抑制剂KCl的复配试验,筛选出性能较好的复配方案,形成对强水敏性地层有较强抑制、胶结能力的硅酸盐成膜钻井液体系。
聚合物成膜钻井液体系包括XY系列聚合物成膜钻井液体系和DP聚合物成膜钻井液体系两大部分。XY系列聚合物成膜钻井液体系使用了丙烯酸类聚合物作为成膜主剂,并通过与成膜助剂WST-100和S-1的复配试验,筛选出性能较好的复配方案。DP聚合物成膜钻井液体系使用了聚合醇类聚合物作为成膜主剂,并通过与成膜助剂P和成膜助剂C的复配试验,筛选出性能较好的复配方案。这两种聚合物成膜钻井液体系对水敏性地层都有较好的综合护壁效果。
植物胶成膜钻井液体系在四川地勘局113地质队所属古叙煤田石宝矿段ZK003孔和ZK6403孔和重庆巫山二郎庙滑坡勘察工程的BZK2孔和BZK19孔中得到应用,较好的解决了复杂地层的护壁问题和岩心采取率的问题,取得了较好的经济效益。
聚合物成膜钻井液体系在四川省木里县牦牛坪铜矿勘察项目的ZK0409孔和ZK0807孔和四川省筠连县孔雀乡塘坝煤田勘察中的ZK11-1和ZK9-1孔得到应用,较好的解决了水敏性地层的护壁问题和钻井液与绳索取心工艺的匹配问题,取得了良好的应用效果。
At the present time, with popularization of the diamond wire-line coring drilling technology in geology core drilling filed, the match problem of drilling fluid and diamond wire-line coring drilling technology has exposed now, such as rheology behavior of drilling fluid isn’t satisfaction the requirement of diamond wire-line coring drilling technology to drilling fluid, when drilling complex strata especially the water-sensitive strata, the traditional drilling fluid system can’t achieve a good effect of wall protection, thus lead to an hole collapsing accident and other issues.
Water-based film-forming drilling fluid technology is based on the film-forming theory of water-based drilling fluid, which proposed in recent years. According to this theory, by adding one or several kinds of film former into water-based drilling fluid, so enable it can form a kind of high quality film on the hole wall of strong water sensitivity formation such as shale etc. Thus weaken or prevent filtrate invasion the formation, maintenance the stability of hole wall, and avoid the occurrence of hole accident. Therefore, it’s very necessary to introduce the film-forming theory to geology core drilling filed and study it, give it a match system for wire-line coring drilling technology, finally solve these problems.
This article from the basic requirements of diamond wire-line coring drilling technology to drilling fluid, use the film-forming theory of water-based drilling fluid, and through a mass of orthogonal tests, research and develop three water-based film- forming drilling fluid systems: the film forming drilling fluid system of gum, the film forming drilling fluid system of silicate and polymer film forming drilling fluid system. These three drilling fluid system have a good film performance and strong restrain ability to the water-sensitive strata. Meanwhile, by using the Regression Analysis Method, finding out the relationship between expansion amount of the standard-core and the time.
For research the film forming drilling fluid system of gum, adopting the design and analysis method of orthogonal tests, using the KL gum as the main filming agent, through complex formulation tests of the additive filming agent PAM, PVA and Na2SiO3, selected the better performance complex formulation plan. Form film forming drilling fluid system of gum which has a strong restrain ability to water-sensitive and broken strata.
Research of the the film forming drilling fluid system of silicate also adopting the design and analysis method of orthogonal tests, using the Sodium Silicate as the main filming agent, through complex formulation tests of the additive filming agent PAM and inhibitor KCl, selected the better performance complex formulation plan. Form film forming drilling fluid system of gum which has a strong restrain ability to water-sensitive strata.
Polymer film forming drilling fluid system including two parts, which are the XY series of polymer film forming drilling fluid system and DP polymer film forming drilling fluid system. XY series of polymer film forming drilling fluid system, using the acrylic polymer as the main filming agent, through complex formulation tests of the additive filming agent WST-100 and S-1. Selected the better performance complex formulation plan DP polymer film forming drilling fluid system using the polyalcohol polymer as the main filming agent, through complex formulation tests of the additive filming agent P and additive C. selected the better performance complex formulation plan. This two kinds of polymer film forming drilling fluid system have a good synthetic wall protected effects to the water-sensitive strata.
By practical application with film forming drilling fluid system of gum in ZK003 and ZK6403 of Gu-Xu Coalfield Shi-Bao Ore Section, which belong to the Geological Prospecting Bureau of 113 Team. And also in BZK2 and BZK 19 of landslide Investigation Project, which are in the Erlang Temple of Chongqing Wushan. Solved the problem of wall protection and the rate of core recovery in complex strata.
The polymer film forming drilling fluid system applied in ZK0409 and ZK0807 of Copper Investigation Project, which are in Muli Mao-nv-ping of Sichuan. And also applied in ZK11-1 and ZK9-1 of Tangba Coalfield, which is in Junlian of Sichuan. Solved the problem of wall protection in water-sensitive strata and match problem between drilling fluid and diamond wire-line coring drilling technology, good application effect is obtained.
引文
[1]孙金声,林喜斌,张斌,等.国外低渗透钻井液技术综述[J].钻井液与完井液,2005,1(1):57-59.
[2]乌效鸣,胡郁乐,贺冰新,等.钻井液与岩土工程浆液[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,2002.
[3]聂宇,徐滨.国内外水基钻井液新技术[J].西部探矿工程,2006,11:177-178.
[4]徐同台,赵忠举,袁春.国外钻井液和完井液技术新进展[J].钻井液与完井液,2004,21(2):2-10.
[5]王平全,孙金声,李晓红,等.成膜(隔离膜)水基钻井液体系试验研究[J].西南石油学院学报,2004,26(6):60-63.
[6]崔迎春,王贵和.钻井液技术发展趋势浅析[J].钻井液与完井液, 2005,22(1):60-62.
[7]贺会群,张洪川.纳米技术在石油领域的独特应用与前景展望[J].石油机械, 2007,35(2):42-44.
[8]崔迎春,李家芬,苏长明.纳米技术在石油工业上游领域应用初探[J].钻井液与完井液, 2003,20(6):11-12.
[9] Steven Young, Gamal Ramses, et al. Drilling Performance and Environmental Compliance-Resolution of Both With a Unique Water-Based Fluid[R]. SPE/IADC 103967.
[10] Mody F K,Tare U A,Tan C P, et al. Development of novel membrane efficient water-based drilling fluids through fundamental understanding of osmotic membrane generation in shales.SPE 77447.
[11] Tan C P, Drummond C J, Mody F K, et al. High membrane efficient water-based drilling fluids: alternatives to invert emulsion fluids for drilling troublesome shale formation.SPE 77865.
[12]雷刚.水基聚合物成膜钻井液研究[D].成都:西南石油学院,2004.
[13]白小东,蒲晓林.水基钻井液成膜技术研究进展[J].天然气工业,2006, 26(8):75-77.
[14] SCHLEMMER R,FRIEDHEIM J E. Chemical osmosis, shale, and drilling fluid[J].SPE,2003:318-331.
[15]彭平,李效东.亲水性渗透蒸发脱盐膜的研究[J].膜科学与技术,1999, 19(1):40-44.
[16]史可人,李永昕,吉安欣,等.聚合物膜的研制[J].塑料工业,2004,32(1):47-49.
[17]岳玉梅,苏雪峰,王丕新. PAA/PVA互穿网络水凝胶膜的制备和药物输送研究[J].化工新型材料,2007, 35(12):37-39.
[18]刘锋,张康肋,王晓洁,等.聚乙烯醇薄膜的共混改性[J].化学推进剂与高分子材料,2006,4(3):43-51.
[19] HALS BI AIR. Chitosan and Modified Chitosan Membrane[J]. J of Applied Polymer Sic, 1987,33:641-656.
[20]王胜,陈礼仪,刘科宇,等. KL植物胶钻井液的环保特性研究[J].探矿工程,2009,5:13-15.
[21]鄢捷年.钻井液工艺学[M].北京:石油大学出版社,2006.
[22]乌效鸣,蔡记华,李云波. LG植物胶处理剂的试验研究[J].钻井液与完井液,2005,22(1):19-24.
[23]王文臣,靖向党,何世鸣.无固相钻井液的研制与护壁作用机理[J].地质与勘探,1990,26(4):54-58.
[24]张红红,徐会文,冯哲.吉林省油页岩勘探中聚合物钻井液防塌机理的试验研究与应用[J].世界地质,2006,25(4):445-448.
[25]郭健康,鄢捷年.硅酸盐钻井液体系的研究与应用[J].石油钻采工艺,2003,25(5):20-24.
[26]蓝强,邱正松.硅酸盐钻井液试验研究[J].钻井液与完井液,2007,24(1):20-22.
[27]丁锐.硅酸盐钻井液防塌性能的室内研究[J].油田化学,1998,15(1):1-5.
[28]李浩,陈礼仪,陈尔志,等.新型水基钻井液成膜处理剂的研制与应用[J].探矿工程(岩土钻掘工程),2010,37(4):20-22,26.
[29]中国科学院数学研究所数理统计组.正交试验法[M].北京:人民教育出版社,1975.
[30]上海市科学技术交流站组编.正交试验设计法[M].上海:上海人民出版社,1975.
[31]王黎明,陈颖,杨楠.应用回归分析[M].上海:复旦大学出版社. 2008.
[32] S.Weiberg著,王静龙,梁小筠,李宝慧译.应用线性回归[M].北京:中国统计出版社, 1998.
[33]任露泉.回归设计及其优化[M].北京:科学出版社, 2009.
[2]乌效鸣,胡郁乐,贺冰新,等.钻井液与岩土工程浆液[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,2002.
[3]聂宇,徐滨.国内外水基钻井液新技术[J].西部探矿工程,2006,11:177-178.
[4]徐同台,赵忠举,袁春.国外钻井液和完井液技术新进展[J].钻井液与完井液,2004,21(2):2-10.
[5]王平全,孙金声,李晓红,等.成膜(隔离膜)水基钻井液体系试验研究[J].西南石油学院学报,2004,26(6):60-63.
[6]崔迎春,王贵和.钻井液技术发展趋势浅析[J].钻井液与完井液, 2005,22(1):60-62.
[7]贺会群,张洪川.纳米技术在石油领域的独特应用与前景展望[J].石油机械, 2007,35(2):42-44.
[8]崔迎春,李家芬,苏长明.纳米技术在石油工业上游领域应用初探[J].钻井液与完井液, 2003,20(6):11-12.
[9] Steven Young, Gamal Ramses, et al. Drilling Performance and Environmental Compliance-Resolution of Both With a Unique Water-Based Fluid[R]. SPE/IADC 103967.
[10] Mody F K,Tare U A,Tan C P, et al. Development of novel membrane efficient water-based drilling fluids through fundamental understanding of osmotic membrane generation in shales.SPE 77447.
[11] Tan C P, Drummond C J, Mody F K, et al. High membrane efficient water-based drilling fluids: alternatives to invert emulsion fluids for drilling troublesome shale formation.SPE 77865.
[12]雷刚.水基聚合物成膜钻井液研究[D].成都:西南石油学院,2004.
[13]白小东,蒲晓林.水基钻井液成膜技术研究进展[J].天然气工业,2006, 26(8):75-77.
[14] SCHLEMMER R,FRIEDHEIM J E. Chemical osmosis, shale, and drilling fluid[J].SPE,2003:318-331.
[15]彭平,李效东.亲水性渗透蒸发脱盐膜的研究[J].膜科学与技术,1999, 19(1):40-44.
[16]史可人,李永昕,吉安欣,等.聚合物膜的研制[J].塑料工业,2004,32(1):47-49.
[17]岳玉梅,苏雪峰,王丕新. PAA/PVA互穿网络水凝胶膜的制备和药物输送研究[J].化工新型材料,2007, 35(12):37-39.
[18]刘锋,张康肋,王晓洁,等.聚乙烯醇薄膜的共混改性[J].化学推进剂与高分子材料,2006,4(3):43-51.
[19] HALS BI AIR. Chitosan and Modified Chitosan Membrane[J]. J of Applied Polymer Sic, 1987,33:641-656.
[20]王胜,陈礼仪,刘科宇,等. KL植物胶钻井液的环保特性研究[J].探矿工程,2009,5:13-15.
[21]鄢捷年.钻井液工艺学[M].北京:石油大学出版社,2006.
[22]乌效鸣,蔡记华,李云波. LG植物胶处理剂的试验研究[J].钻井液与完井液,2005,22(1):19-24.
[23]王文臣,靖向党,何世鸣.无固相钻井液的研制与护壁作用机理[J].地质与勘探,1990,26(4):54-58.
[24]张红红,徐会文,冯哲.吉林省油页岩勘探中聚合物钻井液防塌机理的试验研究与应用[J].世界地质,2006,25(4):445-448.
[25]郭健康,鄢捷年.硅酸盐钻井液体系的研究与应用[J].石油钻采工艺,2003,25(5):20-24.
[26]蓝强,邱正松.硅酸盐钻井液试验研究[J].钻井液与完井液,2007,24(1):20-22.
[27]丁锐.硅酸盐钻井液防塌性能的室内研究[J].油田化学,1998,15(1):1-5.
[28]李浩,陈礼仪,陈尔志,等.新型水基钻井液成膜处理剂的研制与应用[J].探矿工程(岩土钻掘工程),2010,37(4):20-22,26.
[29]中国科学院数学研究所数理统计组.正交试验法[M].北京:人民教育出版社,1975.
[30]上海市科学技术交流站组编.正交试验设计法[M].上海:上海人民出版社,1975.
[31]王黎明,陈颖,杨楠.应用回归分析[M].上海:复旦大学出版社. 2008.
[32] S.Weiberg著,王静龙,梁小筠,李宝慧译.应用线性回归[M].北京:中国统计出版社, 1998.
[33]任露泉.回归设计及其优化[M].北京:科学出版社, 2009.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |