山东省烟草野火病的调查鉴定及其综合防治技术的研究
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摘要
烟草野火病是烟草上的重要细菌性病害之一。世界各主产烟区均普遍发生,以美国、德国等发病较重,甚至是毁灭性的。国内自二十世纪八十年代中期以来各主产烟区频繁发生,局部烟区呈暴发现象,以黑龙江、辽宁、云南等省区发生面积大、危害重。近年来烟草野火病在山东主产烟区频繁发生,局部烟区呈爆发现象,已经成为烟叶稳产优质的重要影响因素之一。为明确病害的发生、分布及危害情况,鉴定明确及其生理生化、生物学特性、发生规律,研究有效的防治方法,于2004～2007年对山东主产烟区烟草野火病的发生、分布及危害、发病规律及其综合防治技术等进行了较系统研究,获得结果如下:
1.调查明确了山东省烟草野火病的发生范围已达临沂、潍坊、日照、淄博、青岛等5个主要生产烟区的18个县(市),分别为沂水、沂南、临沐、费县、平邑、蒙阴、诸城、安丘、临朐、昌乐、潍城区、东港区、莒县、沂源、临淄、博山和胶南等县(市)区。
2.鉴定明确了山东省烟草野火病菌为假单胞杆菌属,丁香假单胞菌烟草变种Pseudomonas syringae pv.tabaci[Wolf & Foster(1917)Young,Dye & Wilkie(1978)]。
3.室内人工接种测定明确了烟草野火病菌可侵染烟草(NC82)、心叶烟、辣椒、番茄、菜豆、蔓陀萝和龙葵等7种植物。
4.调查明确山东烟区野火病每年有两次明显的发病高峰。第一次发生在6月中下旬,第二次发生在7月下旬至8月上旬。
5.室内接种测定明确了45个烟草品种对野火病的抗病性,根据品种抗病程度,表现高抗的有白肋21和G80,病情指数为12.5,仅占供试总品种的4.44%;表现抗病的品种有NC89、白肋37、小黄金1025等,占总品种的31.1%;K326、红花大金元等表现感病,占35.6%;高感品种有云烟85、G28等,病情指数都在70以上,占供试总品种的28.9%。
6.室内药剂测定筛选、组合复配、田间小区试验,选择出对野火病具有良好防治效果的铜高尚+新植霉素药剂组合。
7.研究组合成“以种植抗病品种和药剂防治相结合的综合防治技术”,分别在沂水、沂南等县病区进行了田间多点综合防治应用。在沂水、沂南两个县平均防效分别达80.5%和78.4%,有效控制了野火病的危害。
Wildfire disease of tobacco is one of the important bacterial diseases on tobacco. The main product cigarettes areas happened commonly with morbidity serious in the world,such as USA and Germany,even is fatal.Every host product cigarette area frequently happens in the homeland since twenty centuries eighties medium term,part cigarette area presents to phenomenon break out,some province area sarea happened heavy such as Heilongjiang,Liaoning,Yunnan and so on..The tobacco wild fire disease frequently happens in recent years in Shandong host product cigarette area,part cigarette area assumes the outburst phenomenon,what has becoming one of affect factors in tobacco leaf dependable crop high grade.For definituding occurrence,distribution and damage condition,making disease clear,identify clear and definite their physiology biochemistry,Biology characteristic,rule happened,method studying effective control technology research,author carried out the studies of occurrence,distribution and damage,morbidity rule and their integrated control technology producing the cigarette area tobacco wild fire disease in 2004 to 2007 in Shandong host.The result having gained as follows:
1.On inquiry clear and definite the range of Shandong Province tobacco wild fire disease happened already have reached 18 county(city),as follows LinYi City,Wei Fang City,RiZhao,ZiBo City,Qingdao and so on 5 main product cigarette area.such as YiShui county,YiNan county,LinMu,Fei county,PingYi county,Meng Yin county,ZhuCheng City,AnQiu,LinQu county,ChangLe county,WeiCheng Qu,Dong Gang District,Ju county,JiaoNan City,YiYuan county,LinZi,BoShan district and JiaoNan City and so on county(city) area.
2.The appraisal has made clear that Shandong Province tobacco wild fire germs is Pseudomonas svringae pv.tabaci[Wolf & Foster(1917) Youngs,Dye & Wilkie(1978)].
3.The indoor inoculation determining clear tobacco wild fire germs having invaded 7 kinds plant such as tobacco(NC82),heart leaf cigarette,capsicum,tomato,kidney bean,tendrilled vine lump trailing plants and black nightshade.
4.Make clear that the Shandong cigarette area wild fire disease has twice the obvious morbidity peak every year on inquiry.In happening for the first time on June,the last ten-day period of a month,second time happen in the last ten-day period of a month in July till the first ten-day period of a month in August.
5.The indoor inoculation determining clear disease resistance of 45 tobacco cultivars on P.s.pv.tabaci were identified,the result indicated that each cultivar was different form others.Burley 21 and G80,whose disease index were 12.5,were the two most resistant of all cultivars;Resistant cultivars including Burley 37 and Xiao huangjin 1025 et al took 31.1%of total tested cultivars;Susceptible cultivars,such as K326, Honghuadajinyuan and so on,took 35.6%;Highly suscepible cultivars including Yunyan 85,G28 et al,whose disease index were more than 70%,and they took 28.9%of all tested cultivars.
6.The interior medicament admeasurement filtration,combination matches for again,field state tests,choosing fine copper of control technology effect to wild fire disease is medicament combination,noblenessthe copper + the newly plant mildew element in the field.
7.Study combination "cultivate integrated control technology of integration of disease-resistant breed with medicament prevention and cure",the integrated control having carried out the field multiple;spot respectively applies to county disease area such as Yi Shui county,Yi Nan county.Two counties guard against an effect averagely in Yi Shui county,Yi Nan county amounting to 80.5%and 78.4%respectively,have an effect to hay controlled result on wild fire disease damage.
1.调查明确了山东省烟草野火病的发生范围已达临沂、潍坊、日照、淄博、青岛等5个主要生产烟区的18个县(市),分别为沂水、沂南、临沐、费县、平邑、蒙阴、诸城、安丘、临朐、昌乐、潍城区、东港区、莒县、沂源、临淄、博山和胶南等县(市)区。
2.鉴定明确了山东省烟草野火病菌为假单胞杆菌属,丁香假单胞菌烟草变种Pseudomonas syringae pv.tabaci[Wolf & Foster(1917)Young,Dye & Wilkie(1978)]。
3.室内人工接种测定明确了烟草野火病菌可侵染烟草(NC82)、心叶烟、辣椒、番茄、菜豆、蔓陀萝和龙葵等7种植物。
4.调查明确山东烟区野火病每年有两次明显的发病高峰。第一次发生在6月中下旬,第二次发生在7月下旬至8月上旬。
5.室内接种测定明确了45个烟草品种对野火病的抗病性,根据品种抗病程度,表现高抗的有白肋21和G80,病情指数为12.5,仅占供试总品种的4.44%;表现抗病的品种有NC89、白肋37、小黄金1025等,占总品种的31.1%;K326、红花大金元等表现感病,占35.6%;高感品种有云烟85、G28等,病情指数都在70以上,占供试总品种的28.9%。
6.室内药剂测定筛选、组合复配、田间小区试验,选择出对野火病具有良好防治效果的铜高尚+新植霉素药剂组合。
7.研究组合成“以种植抗病品种和药剂防治相结合的综合防治技术”,分别在沂水、沂南等县病区进行了田间多点综合防治应用。在沂水、沂南两个县平均防效分别达80.5%和78.4%,有效控制了野火病的危害。
Wildfire disease of tobacco is one of the important bacterial diseases on tobacco. The main product cigarettes areas happened commonly with morbidity serious in the world,such as USA and Germany,even is fatal.Every host product cigarette area frequently happens in the homeland since twenty centuries eighties medium term,part cigarette area presents to phenomenon break out,some province area sarea happened heavy such as Heilongjiang,Liaoning,Yunnan and so on..The tobacco wild fire disease frequently happens in recent years in Shandong host product cigarette area,part cigarette area assumes the outburst phenomenon,what has becoming one of affect factors in tobacco leaf dependable crop high grade.For definituding occurrence,distribution and damage condition,making disease clear,identify clear and definite their physiology biochemistry,Biology characteristic,rule happened,method studying effective control technology research,author carried out the studies of occurrence,distribution and damage,morbidity rule and their integrated control technology producing the cigarette area tobacco wild fire disease in 2004 to 2007 in Shandong host.The result having gained as follows:
1.On inquiry clear and definite the range of Shandong Province tobacco wild fire disease happened already have reached 18 county(city),as follows LinYi City,Wei Fang City,RiZhao,ZiBo City,Qingdao and so on 5 main product cigarette area.such as YiShui county,YiNan county,LinMu,Fei county,PingYi county,Meng Yin county,ZhuCheng City,AnQiu,LinQu county,ChangLe county,WeiCheng Qu,Dong Gang District,Ju county,JiaoNan City,YiYuan county,LinZi,BoShan district and JiaoNan City and so on county(city) area.
2.The appraisal has made clear that Shandong Province tobacco wild fire germs is Pseudomonas svringae pv.tabaci[Wolf & Foster(1917) Youngs,Dye & Wilkie(1978)].
3.The indoor inoculation determining clear tobacco wild fire germs having invaded 7 kinds plant such as tobacco(NC82),heart leaf cigarette,capsicum,tomato,kidney bean,tendrilled vine lump trailing plants and black nightshade.
4.Make clear that the Shandong cigarette area wild fire disease has twice the obvious morbidity peak every year on inquiry.In happening for the first time on June,the last ten-day period of a month,second time happen in the last ten-day period of a month in July till the first ten-day period of a month in August.
5.The indoor inoculation determining clear disease resistance of 45 tobacco cultivars on P.s.pv.tabaci were identified,the result indicated that each cultivar was different form others.Burley 21 and G80,whose disease index were 12.5,were the two most resistant of all cultivars;Resistant cultivars including Burley 37 and Xiao huangjin 1025 et al took 31.1%of total tested cultivars;Susceptible cultivars,such as K326, Honghuadajinyuan and so on,took 35.6%;Highly suscepible cultivars including Yunyan 85,G28 et al,whose disease index were more than 70%,and they took 28.9%of all tested cultivars.
6.The interior medicament admeasurement filtration,combination matches for again,field state tests,choosing fine copper of control technology effect to wild fire disease is medicament combination,noblenessthe copper + the newly plant mildew element in the field.
7.Study combination "cultivate integrated control technology of integration of disease-resistant breed with medicament prevention and cure",the integrated control having carried out the field multiple;spot respectively applies to county disease area such as Yi Shui county,Yi Nan county.Two counties guard against an effect averagely in Yi Shui county,Yi Nan county amounting to 80.5%and 78.4%respectively,have an effect to hay controlled result on wild fire disease damage.
引文
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