论妇联组织在公共服务中的作用
摘要
随着改革开放与社会主义市场经济体制的确立,我国政府职能进行了根本性的转变。在此过程中,妇联组织作为具有双重身份的公共部门,其扮演的角色和承担的任务也发生了相应改变。党的十七大报告明确提出“支持工会、共青团、妇联等人民团体依照法律和各自章程开展工作,参与社会管理和公共服务,维护群众合法权益”,为妇联组织参与社会管理和公共服务提供了机遇。妇联组织作为社会建设和管理的重要力量,在当前构建新型社会管理格局的大背景下,如何更好地关注民生、反映诉求,加强协调、化解矛盾、提供服务,让妇女儿童更平等、更便捷、更顺畅地共享社会公共产品,是妇联组织必须长期思考并探索实践的重大课题。近年来,妇联组织积极运用社会化、市场化、项目化手段,在党政所托、妇女需求、市场缺位、妇联能为的结合点上找准社会管理和公共服务的最佳位置,主动承接政府转移出来的部分职能,积极拓展参与公共服务的空间和领域,逐步探索出了一条有效参与公共服务、切实代表和维护妇女儿童利益的新路子,真正发挥了妇联作为非政府组织代表妇女利益的重要作用。本文以公共服务理论为基础,从妇联组织的定位、任务和在参与公共服务的实践层面上阐释妇联组织在社会公共服务中的重要作用,以期在今后更好地发挥妇联组织在参与公共服务中的作用。
Along with the reform and open policy with the socialist market economic system's establishment, Our country government's function has carried on the fundamental transformation. During this process, the Women's Federation Organization achievement has the dual status Public sectors, whose acting's role and undertakes the duty has also correspondingly changed. The Women's Federation Organization takes the social construction and the management important force. Under the current constructiing new social management pattern's big background, how to pay more attention to the livelihood of the people, the reflection demand well, strengthens, the melt contradictory, to provide the service coordinated, lets the women and children be more equal, be more convenient, shares the social public product smoothly, is the Women's Federation Organization must ponder and explore the practice for a long time the important issue. This article's researching goal is to take the collective services theory as the foundation, from the Women's Federation Organization's nature, the function and the duty embarks, to elaborate the Women's Federation Organization participates in the principle which the collective services the possibility and must follow. It takes Jilin Province as the example to elaborate the Women's Federation Organization to utilize the socialization, the marketability, the project method positively, in the party politics backing, the woman demand, the market vacancy, Women's Federation could for the combining site in looked for the accurate social management and the collective services optimum position, continued the partial functions which on own initiative the government shifted, developed the participation collective services positively the space and the domain, displayed Women's Federation in the participation collective services to take the Non-governmental organizations to represent the woman benefit the influential role. Simultaneously it proposes the current question which exists in the participation collective services and puzzled;and it proposes some ponders and the suggestion to the Women's Federation Organization for the better participation collective services. The full text is divided into four parts:
The first part mainly elaborated the collective services elementary theory and the Women's Federation Organization's function duty. First is the collective services elementary theory. This part takes internationally“the new public administration theory”and“the new collective services theory”as the foundation; and embarking from the domestic experts in the collective services domain's scholarly research achievement, it proposes that collective services' connotation is refers to by the legal authorization government, the non-government public organization and the related personal Business, in purely the public goods, the mixing property public goods as well as in the special personal effects' production and the supplies undertakes the responsibility and the fulfillment function. In the collective services operation's overall process, the government is the leader who is duty-bound. It has pointed out the important meaning to strengthen the collective services function in present stage .
The second part elaborates in the new time the Women's Federation Organization's function, duty and the localization in the collective services. It is thought that along with the Chinese society's vicissituding, specially party's ruling way and the government function's transformation, the Women's Federation Organization's function has also tremendously changed. From its nature, the function, the duty looked that it has two localizations: First, intermediary status.The Women's Federation Organization fully displays the contacting with woman populace's intermediary function as the government and party, and the intermediary of the coordination and communication ; it organizes,and promotes the basic woman populace to participate in the democracy participation, the democratic management, the democratic supervision.Second, service status. The Women's Federation Organization provides the collective services product for the women and children ,which positively the government shifts in women and children's social collective services function. This article in the discussion government by the traditional administration pattern to modern public administration pattern reforming, constructs the new social collective services system, better maintains the woman benefit, to promote the woman to develop the aspect to have certain practical significance and the theory significance.
Third, elaborated the Women's Federation Organization to participate in the principle which the collective services the possibility, the superiority and should follow. Mainly needed the Women's Federation Organization in the possibility from the government function's transformation to participate in the collective services, the harmonious society constructing needs the Women's Federation Organization to participate in the collective services, Women's Federation own function requesting the Women's Federation Organization to participate in the collective services, the woman populace's demand summoning the Women's Federation Organization to participate in the collective services four aspects carrying on the elaboration. The Women's Federation Organization in the participation collective services' unique superiority, the main performance unique politics superiority, relates the woman populace's superiority, perfect organization network superiority, rich resources superiority. Participated in the collective services in the Women's Federation Organization following from the coordination principle, on behalf of the principle, the directional principle, the cooperation principle four aspects has carried on the elaboration emphatically in principle. These elaboration participated in the collective services for the Women's Federation Organization providing the support. The third part elaborated the Women's Federation Organization the function which and the existence question displays in the participation collective services practice. The Women's Federation Organization mainly from served the woman in the participation collective services' function to promote the development, the service family promotion harmony, the Uygur power to promote stable, to pay attention to the child promotion legally to grow, the build collective services platform and the position five aspects has carried on the elaboration. At the same time, proposed the Women's Federation Organization current the question which exists in the participation collective services and puzzled. First, the Women's Federation Organization waits for in the participation collective services' localization is further clear. Second, the Women's Federation Organization participates in the collective services the domain not being wide, the breadth is insufficient. Third, the Women's Federation Organization's social network cover waits for further developing. Fourth, the Women's Federation Organization participates in the collective services ability waiting for enhancing.
The fourth part proposed the Women's Federation Organization in the participation public administration and the service the better display function suggestion. This article thought that the Women's Federation Organization must first look in the participation collective services role localization. Must be clear about the Women's Federation Organization in the participation collective services coordination localization. The Women's Federation Organization should represent well and maintain the woman benefit to participation as the Women's Federation Organization the social service and the public administration starting point and the foothold. In“the party politics hold, the woman to need, the market lacking, Women's Federation energy”on to seek for the participation breakthrough point on own initiative, participates in the women and children vital interest related sociality, the public welfare target-oriented, the businesslike services. Must look for the accurate Women's Federation Organization to participate in the collective services the combining site. Women's Federation in the participation social management and the collective services process, can the work function which with the government, other associations organizes have overlapping, but the emphasis point is different. Women's Federation should take the family primarily position, promote the woman community's balanced development, promote the equality of the sexes accord development as a goal, effective participation collective services. Must strengthen with each kind of Organization for women's communication contacts and exchanges cooperates. Women's Federation must promote the tolerance, is together with each organization equality, and draws support from them in the organization network operation link and“the information bridge”the function, extends the antenna to each benefit community and the social stratum woman.
The next, Women's Federation Organization needs to pay great attention to display the participation collective services the unique superiority. The Women's Federation Organization takes party's grassroots organization's important component, own function localization causes it to have the unique political superiority in the participation collective services, to relate the woman populace's superiority, the organization network superiority and the rich resources superiority. The Women's Federation Organization must display the Women's Federation Organization's superiority, holds key, cuts into effectively, holds the close relation women and children vital interest the domain, implements the participation target-oriented, makes the woman in the participation collective services to work the brand, shows the Women's Federation Organization characteristic.
The third, Women's Federation Organization must look for the accurate participation collective services the key field. Must in defends the women and children legitimate rights and interests, to hold traditional work domains and so on family community, key to pay attention to the women and children livelihood of the people, in the development collective services channel and the space makes diligently. The Women's Federation Organization needs to continue women and children's sociality which, the public welfare positively the government shifts, the businesslike collective services project. May also Civil society organization's status, strive for the social project, the international project positively. Simultaneously wants the key making difference, the personalized collective services product.
The fourth, Women's Federation Organization must enhance the participation collective services unceasingly ability. Must further develop the organization network, the expanded collective services coverage; Must strengthen the Women's Federation social work talented person troop construction; Must promote the investigation and study ability; Must establish and consummate the socialized coordinated mechanism, thus achieves promotes the Women's Federation collective services level the goal.
This article believes that discusses the Women's Federation Organization in the participation collective services function is the new time, the new situation the new task which proposed to the Women's Federation Organization, new challenge. The current Women's Federation Organization's function, the duty had the recent development change, understood fully the Women's Federation Organization participates in the principle which the collective services the possibility and follows, during the acknowledgment participation collective services already made certain progress, will treat the existence the question is the next Women's Federation Organization better display function premise correctly. The Women's Federation Organization must revolve the party politics, the woman to hope that anxiously, the basic unit needs, looks for the accurate work localization, the design activity carrier, seeks the service items, strives for the policy support, achieves the service general situation, the service basic unit, the service woman earnestly, enhances the Women's Federation Organization's creativity, the cohesive force and the battle efficiency comprehensively, causes the Women's Federation Organization to become the party to contact the woman populace's solid bridge, the reliable link truly with the government, becomes the women in general populace's maternal home. Must safeguard the women and children most to care that most is direct, the most realistic vital interest is the starting point, take assists the party and the government solves the critical time women and children's livelihood of the people problem as the point of application, take participates in the social management and the collective services as the breakthrough point, in the government entrusts, the woman needs, the market vacancy, Women's Federation to be able in the combining site to strengthen the woman to participate in the function, impels to consummate the women and children benefit coordinated mechanism, the demand expression mechanism, to mediate the mechanism and the rights and interests safeguard mechanism construction contradictory, fulfills the organization, the guidance, to serve the woman and to defend the women and children legitimate rights and interests well the responsibility, achieves in the sentiment to draw close to truly the woman, the motion in the thorough woman, the work to serveThe woman, causes achievement most wide range Hui Jigewho diligently the harmonious society constructs the races various social strata women in general and the child from all walks of life.
Along with the reform and open policy with the socialist market economic system's establishment, Our country government's function has carried on the fundamental transformation. During this process, the Women's Federation Organization achievement has the dual status Public sectors, whose acting's role and undertakes the duty has also correspondingly changed. The Women's Federation Organization takes the social construction and the management important force. Under the current constructiing new social management pattern's big background, how to pay more attention to the livelihood of the people, the reflection demand well, strengthens, the melt contradictory, to provide the service coordinated, lets the women and children be more equal, be more convenient, shares the social public product smoothly, is the Women's Federation Organization must ponder and explore the practice for a long time the important issue. This article's researching goal is to take the collective services theory as the foundation, from the Women's Federation Organization's nature, the function and the duty embarks, to elaborate the Women's Federation Organization participates in the principle which the collective services the possibility and must follow. It takes Jilin Province as the example to elaborate the Women's Federation Organization to utilize the socialization, the marketability, the project method positively, in the party politics backing, the woman demand, the market vacancy, Women's Federation could for the combining site in looked for the accurate social management and the collective services optimum position, continued the partial functions which on own initiative the government shifted, developed the participation collective services positively the space and the domain, displayed Women's Federation in the participation collective services to take the Non-governmental organizations to represent the woman benefit the influential role. Simultaneously it proposes the current question which exists in the participation collective services and puzzled;and it proposes some ponders and the suggestion to the Women's Federation Organization for the better participation collective services. The full text is divided into four parts:
The first part mainly elaborated the collective services elementary theory and the Women's Federation Organization's function duty. First is the collective services elementary theory. This part takes internationally“the new public administration theory”and“the new collective services theory”as the foundation; and embarking from the domestic experts in the collective services domain's scholarly research achievement, it proposes that collective services' connotation is refers to by the legal authorization government, the non-government public organization and the related personal Business, in purely the public goods, the mixing property public goods as well as in the special personal effects' production and the supplies undertakes the responsibility and the fulfillment function. In the collective services operation's overall process, the government is the leader who is duty-bound. It has pointed out the important meaning to strengthen the collective services function in present stage .
The second part elaborates in the new time the Women's Federation Organization's function, duty and the localization in the collective services. It is thought that along with the Chinese society's vicissituding, specially party's ruling way and the government function's transformation, the Women's Federation Organization's function has also tremendously changed. From its nature, the function, the duty looked that it has two localizations: First, intermediary status.The Women's Federation Organization fully displays the contacting with woman populace's intermediary function as the government and party, and the intermediary of the coordination and communication ; it organizes,and promotes the basic woman populace to participate in the democracy participation, the democratic management, the democratic supervision.Second, service status. The Women's Federation Organization provides the collective services product for the women and children ,which positively the government shifts in women and children's social collective services function. This article in the discussion government by the traditional administration pattern to modern public administration pattern reforming, constructs the new social collective services system, better maintains the woman benefit, to promote the woman to develop the aspect to have certain practical significance and the theory significance.
Third, elaborated the Women's Federation Organization to participate in the principle which the collective services the possibility, the superiority and should follow. Mainly needed the Women's Federation Organization in the possibility from the government function's transformation to participate in the collective services, the harmonious society constructing needs the Women's Federation Organization to participate in the collective services, Women's Federation own function requesting the Women's Federation Organization to participate in the collective services, the woman populace's demand summoning the Women's Federation Organization to participate in the collective services four aspects carrying on the elaboration. The Women's Federation Organization in the participation collective services' unique superiority, the main performance unique politics superiority, relates the woman populace's superiority, perfect organization network superiority, rich resources superiority. Participated in the collective services in the Women's Federation Organization following from the coordination principle, on behalf of the principle, the directional principle, the cooperation principle four aspects has carried on the elaboration emphatically in principle. These elaboration participated in the collective services for the Women's Federation Organization providing the support. The third part elaborated the Women's Federation Organization the function which and the existence question displays in the participation collective services practice. The Women's Federation Organization mainly from served the woman in the participation collective services' function to promote the development, the service family promotion harmony, the Uygur power to promote stable, to pay attention to the child promotion legally to grow, the build collective services platform and the position five aspects has carried on the elaboration. At the same time, proposed the Women's Federation Organization current the question which exists in the participation collective services and puzzled. First, the Women's Federation Organization waits for in the participation collective services' localization is further clear. Second, the Women's Federation Organization participates in the collective services the domain not being wide, the breadth is insufficient. Third, the Women's Federation Organization's social network cover waits for further developing. Fourth, the Women's Federation Organization participates in the collective services ability waiting for enhancing.
The fourth part proposed the Women's Federation Organization in the participation public administration and the service the better display function suggestion. This article thought that the Women's Federation Organization must first look in the participation collective services role localization. Must be clear about the Women's Federation Organization in the participation collective services coordination localization. The Women's Federation Organization should represent well and maintain the woman benefit to participation as the Women's Federation Organization the social service and the public administration starting point and the foothold. In“the party politics hold, the woman to need, the market lacking, Women's Federation energy”on to seek for the participation breakthrough point on own initiative, participates in the women and children vital interest related sociality, the public welfare target-oriented, the businesslike services. Must look for the accurate Women's Federation Organization to participate in the collective services the combining site. Women's Federation in the participation social management and the collective services process, can the work function which with the government, other associations organizes have overlapping, but the emphasis point is different. Women's Federation should take the family primarily position, promote the woman community's balanced development, promote the equality of the sexes accord development as a goal, effective participation collective services. Must strengthen with each kind of Organization for women's communication contacts and exchanges cooperates. Women's Federation must promote the tolerance, is together with each organization equality, and draws support from them in the organization network operation link and“the information bridge”the function, extends the antenna to each benefit community and the social stratum woman.
The next, Women's Federation Organization needs to pay great attention to display the participation collective services the unique superiority. The Women's Federation Organization takes party's grassroots organization's important component, own function localization causes it to have the unique political superiority in the participation collective services, to relate the woman populace's superiority, the organization network superiority and the rich resources superiority. The Women's Federation Organization must display the Women's Federation Organization's superiority, holds key, cuts into effectively, holds the close relation women and children vital interest the domain, implements the participation target-oriented, makes the woman in the participation collective services to work the brand, shows the Women's Federation Organization characteristic.
The third, Women's Federation Organization must look for the accurate participation collective services the key field. Must in defends the women and children legitimate rights and interests, to hold traditional work domains and so on family community, key to pay attention to the women and children livelihood of the people, in the development collective services channel and the space makes diligently. The Women's Federation Organization needs to continue women and children's sociality which, the public welfare positively the government shifts, the businesslike collective services project. May also Civil society organization's status, strive for the social project, the international project positively. Simultaneously wants the key making difference, the personalized collective services product.
The fourth, Women's Federation Organization must enhance the participation collective services unceasingly ability. Must further develop the organization network, the expanded collective services coverage; Must strengthen the Women's Federation social work talented person troop construction; Must promote the investigation and study ability; Must establish and consummate the socialized coordinated mechanism, thus achieves promotes the Women's Federation collective services level the goal.
This article believes that discusses the Women's Federation Organization in the participation collective services function is the new time, the new situation the new task which proposed to the Women's Federation Organization, new challenge. The current Women's Federation Organization's function, the duty had the recent development change, understood fully the Women's Federation Organization participates in the principle which the collective services the possibility and follows, during the acknowledgment participation collective services already made certain progress, will treat the existence the question is the next Women's Federation Organization better display function premise correctly. The Women's Federation Organization must revolve the party politics, the woman to hope that anxiously, the basic unit needs, looks for the accurate work localization, the design activity carrier, seeks the service items, strives for the policy support, achieves the service general situation, the service basic unit, the service woman earnestly, enhances the Women's Federation Organization's creativity, the cohesive force and the battle efficiency comprehensively, causes the Women's Federation Organization to become the party to contact the woman populace's solid bridge, the reliable link truly with the government, becomes the women in general populace's maternal home. Must safeguard the women and children most to care that most is direct, the most realistic vital interest is the starting point, take assists the party and the government solves the critical time women and children's livelihood of the people problem as the point of application, take participates in the social management and the collective services as the breakthrough point, in the government entrusts, the woman needs, the market vacancy, Women's Federation to be able in the combining site to strengthen the woman to participate in the function, impels to consummate the women and children benefit coordinated mechanism, the demand expression mechanism, to mediate the mechanism and the rights and interests safeguard mechanism construction contradictory, fulfills the organization, the guidance, to serve the woman and to defend the women and children legitimate rights and interests well the responsibility, achieves in the sentiment to draw close to truly the woman, the motion in the thorough woman, the work to serveThe woman, causes achievement most wide range Hui Jigewho diligently the harmonious society constructs the races various social strata women in general and the child from all walks of life.
引文
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5、[美]埃莉诺·奥斯特罗姆等著,宋全喜、任睿译,《公共服务的制度建构》,上海三联书店,2000年版
6、章原编著,《重塑政府》,中华工商联合出版社,1998年版
7、孙晓莉著,《中外公共服务体制比较》,国家行政学院出版社,2007
8、吴锦良,《政府改革与第三部门发展》,中国社会科学出版社,2005年10月
9、劳顿著,冯周卓,汤林弟译《公共服务伦理管理:》,清华大学出版社,2008年
10、珍妮特·V·丹哈特罗伯特·B·丹哈特著,《新公共服务:服务,而不是掌舵》,丁煌等译,中国人民大学出版社,2004年6月
11、奥斯特罗姆.帕克斯和惠特克著,《公共服务的制度建构--上海三联大众心理译丛》,三联书店上海分店,2000年6月
12、赵黎青著,《NGOS非政府组织与可持续发展》,经济科学出版社,1998年
13、李军鹏编著,《公共服务型政府建设指南》,中共党史出版社,2006年
14、王名,刘国翰,何建宇编写,《中国社团改革》,社会科学文献出版社,2001年12月
15、张康之,《公共管理伦理学》,中国人民大学出版社,2003年
16、《中华全国妇女联合会章程》
1、马庆钰、杨庆东,《公共服务的理性及其运作框架》,《国家行政学院学报》,2005年第2期
2、徐惠茹,潘敏敏,《中国非政府组织在政府职能转变过程中的角色定位》,《学习与探索》,2005年第2期
3、孙小华,《新形势下妇联参与社会公共事务管理的思考》,《韶关学院学报(社会科学版)》,2008,第4期
4、陈庆云,《公共管理研究中的若干问题》,《中国人民大学学报》,2001年第1期
5、丁娟、曲雯,《妇联在政府职能转变中的作用研究》,《云南民族大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》,2006年23卷第4期
6、肖百灵,《妇联组织在促进妇女参与社会管理中的角色和作用》,《湖南社会科学》,2007年第6期
7、顾丽梅,《新公共服务理论及其对我国公共服务改革之启示》,《南京社会科学》,2005年第1期
8、樊涛生,《现代公共管理服务理论探讨》,《大众科学(科学研究与实践)》,2007年21期
9、郑进顺;《论政府公共服务市场化社会化》,《中国人才》,2002年第2期
10、罗忠桓,《我国公共服务社会化发展趋势探析》,《湖南社会科学》,2002年第4期
11、刘静波,《公共服务的多主体供给分析》,中国优秀博硕士学位论文全文数据库,2006第7期
12、王名,《中国的非政府公共部门》,《中国行政管理》,2001年第5期
13、广州大学,刘莉,《妇联组织参与社会管理和公共服务的新思考》,广州妇女网,http://www.3861.gov.cn/ggkf/singleview.jsp?id=771
14、丁元竹,《公共服务与非营利组织的作用》,中国改革论坛网,http://www.cird.org.cn/cgi-bin/kxwk/Cird_zhg_Read.asp?text_id=314
15、马庆玉,《公共服务的几个基本问题》,《中共中央党校学报》,2005年第1期
16、张青,《论我国的非政府组织及其在公共服务领域的运作》,《广东行政学院学报》,2005年第4期
17、《吉林省妇联十届七次执委会议上的工作报告》,2008年12月22日
18、苏州市妇联,《关于妇联参与社会管理与公共服务的调研》,中国妇女网, http://www.women.org.cn/allnews/02/2093.html
19、江西省妇联,《关于妇联组织参与社会管理和公共服务的思考》,中国妇女网,http://www.women.org.cn/allnews/02/1999.html
20、厦门市妇联,《妇联组织应在参与社会管理和公共服务中积极发挥作用》,厦门妇女网http://www.fl.xm.gov.cn/sys/article/data/7325.htm
21、龚咏梅,《“社会中的国家”与妇联的政治资源》,《妇女研究论丛》,2006年第6期
22、《公共服务的种类及实现形式》,《中国国策报告(2005)》,中国政务信息网,http://www.ccgov.net.cn/2005gcbg/xglj/xglj_007.htm
23、《公共服务内涵的理性认识》,《新华日报》, 2008年7月29日
24、孙晓莉,《公共服务社会化》,《学习时报》,2009年3月
25、《加快我国社会管理和公共服务改革的研究报告》,《中国行政管理》,2005年第2期
26、陈昌盛,蔡跃洲,《政府公共服务评估:偏投入而非效益》,上海证券报,2007年03月12日
27、杨团,《关于公营事业的初步分析》,《社会学研究》,2004第4期
28、王志立,《公共服务:国家与公民社会的合作新领域》,《咸宁学院学报》2008年第1期
29、刘尚希:基本公共服务均等化:目标及政策路径,中国经济时报,2007年6月12日