基于遥感技术的山西五台东腰庄金矿成矿前景分析
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摘要
矿产资源是十分重要的不可再生自然资源,是人类社会赖以生存和发展的物质基础。随着我国国民经济的迅速发展,对矿产资源的需求越来越大,矿产资源对我国国民经济发展的瓶颈制约凸显。遥感技术作为一种成矿预测手段具有时效性、宏观性、波谱信息量丰富、地形地貌特征明显等特点,利用多光谱遥感图像数据和高空间分辨率地物光谱数据为基础,通过遥感图像处理从宏观上反映各级断裂构造、识别岩性与地层,能够为矿产资源勘查与成矿预测提供有效信息。
山西省五台山区五台群是我国前寒武系典型研究地区之一,五台-恒山地区金矿床金矿点极为发育,本文选用山西省五台县东腰庄高空间分辨率Quickbird数据及大比例尺(不小于1：10万)七波段ETM数据作为遥感数据源,分析遥感数据特征和研究区内地物的光谱特征,利用遥感技术进行研究区的地层、岩性、构造、矿化蚀变信息等找矿信息的提取,将遥感找矿信息与已有的地质、物探等信息进行叠加分析,对该区进行成矿预测,主要完成以下研究内容：
(1)结合研究区多源遥感数据的特征,分析了遥感图像波段的最佳组合,并对研究区高空间分辨率的Quickbird影像与大比例尺(不小于1：10万)七波段的ETM影像进行图像的几何校正、图像融合、图像增强等遥感图像预处理。
(2)建立遥感解译标志,运用遥感图像目视解译方法提取研究区地层、岩性、线环构造等遥感地质信息,通过分析发现研究区地层发育较为齐全区内主要岩组有柏枝岩岩组、芦咀头岩组及鸿门岩岩组,线性构造主要为NW-SE向、NE-SW向及S-N向三组,环形构造多在研究区四周分布。
(3)利用主成分分析、阈值分割等方法提取研究区大比例尺(不小于1：10万)七波段ETM影像的铁化蚀变信息与羟基矿化蚀变信息,通过分析发现研究区矿化蚀变信息主要分布在李家寨—大草坪韧性剪切带内,剔除遥感假异常信息,获取研究区最终遥感蚀变信息。
(4)对研究区地层、岩性、线环构造、矿化蚀变信息等遥感找矿信息进行叠加分析,并结合研究区已有的地质、物探等资料,提出最佳找矿远景靶区2处。
Mineral resources are very important non-renewable natural resources, and the material basis of the survival and development of human society. With the rapid development of China's national economy, the demand for mineral resources are growing, mineral resources on the bottleneck of China's national economic development highlights. As a means of metallogenic prediction remote sensing technology has characteristics such as timeliness, macro, spectral information-rich, landform features obvious and so on, which is based on Multi-spectral remote sensing image data and high spatial resolution spectral data, by remote sensing image processing at all levels from macroscopic to reflect faults, identify lithology and stratigraphy, exploration of mineral resources can provide useful information for metallogenic prediction.
Wutai Mountain in Shanxi Province Area group is one of the typical study area of Precambrian, and gold deposits develops very well in Wutai-Hengshan region. This paper selects the high spatial resolution data and Large-scale (not less than 1:10 million) seven-band ETM data about East Waist Village in Wutai County, Shanxi Province as a source of remote sensing data, analyzing remote sensing data characteristic and research the spectral features in study area, using remote sensing techniques studying area of the rock, construction, alteration to extract ore-finding information. And integrated analyzing the ore-finding information from geologic, geophysical exploration and remote sensing made ore-prospecting prognosis and proposed ore-hunting prospect areas. The following are the main research contents of this paper:
(1) With the characteristics of multi-source remote sensing data of study area, analyzing the bands'best combination of remote sensing images, and preprocessing the high spatial resolution Quickbird images and Large-scale (not less than 1:10 million) seven-band ETM images by geometric correction, image fusion, image enhancement.
(2) Establish remote sensing geological interpretation symbols, extract the study area formation, lithology, structure and other remote sensing wireloop geological information by visual interpretating remote sensing images, in the study area by analyzing the formation and found that the development is more complete, the main rock groups are Myricaria Yanyan group, Lo Tsui group and Hong MenYan yan group, linear structure information mainly contains the three groups that are the NW-SE, NE-SW and S-N direction, ring structures distribute around the study area.
(3) Using the principal component analysis, threshold segmentation method to extract the iron altered information and hydroxyl mineralized alteration information Large-scale (not less than 1:10 million) seven-band ETM images of study area, through analysis of study area mineralized alteration information mainly distributed in Li jia Zhai-da cao ping ductile shear zone, and eliminate the false anomaly information gain the research area's remote sensing altered information eventually.
(4) Combining the superposition analysis study area of geological with the remote sensing prospecting information about the strata, lithology, line ring structure, mineralized alteration information, using the existed geological, geophysical exploration material of study area, propose two best prospecting target areas.
山西省五台山区五台群是我国前寒武系典型研究地区之一,五台-恒山地区金矿床金矿点极为发育,本文选用山西省五台县东腰庄高空间分辨率Quickbird数据及大比例尺(不小于1：10万)七波段ETM数据作为遥感数据源,分析遥感数据特征和研究区内地物的光谱特征,利用遥感技术进行研究区的地层、岩性、构造、矿化蚀变信息等找矿信息的提取,将遥感找矿信息与已有的地质、物探等信息进行叠加分析,对该区进行成矿预测,主要完成以下研究内容：
(1)结合研究区多源遥感数据的特征,分析了遥感图像波段的最佳组合,并对研究区高空间分辨率的Quickbird影像与大比例尺(不小于1：10万)七波段的ETM影像进行图像的几何校正、图像融合、图像增强等遥感图像预处理。
(2)建立遥感解译标志,运用遥感图像目视解译方法提取研究区地层、岩性、线环构造等遥感地质信息,通过分析发现研究区地层发育较为齐全区内主要岩组有柏枝岩岩组、芦咀头岩组及鸿门岩岩组,线性构造主要为NW-SE向、NE-SW向及S-N向三组,环形构造多在研究区四周分布。
(3)利用主成分分析、阈值分割等方法提取研究区大比例尺(不小于1：10万)七波段ETM影像的铁化蚀变信息与羟基矿化蚀变信息,通过分析发现研究区矿化蚀变信息主要分布在李家寨—大草坪韧性剪切带内,剔除遥感假异常信息,获取研究区最终遥感蚀变信息。
(4)对研究区地层、岩性、线环构造、矿化蚀变信息等遥感找矿信息进行叠加分析,并结合研究区已有的地质、物探等资料,提出最佳找矿远景靶区2处。
Mineral resources are very important non-renewable natural resources, and the material basis of the survival and development of human society. With the rapid development of China's national economy, the demand for mineral resources are growing, mineral resources on the bottleneck of China's national economic development highlights. As a means of metallogenic prediction remote sensing technology has characteristics such as timeliness, macro, spectral information-rich, landform features obvious and so on, which is based on Multi-spectral remote sensing image data and high spatial resolution spectral data, by remote sensing image processing at all levels from macroscopic to reflect faults, identify lithology and stratigraphy, exploration of mineral resources can provide useful information for metallogenic prediction.
Wutai Mountain in Shanxi Province Area group is one of the typical study area of Precambrian, and gold deposits develops very well in Wutai-Hengshan region. This paper selects the high spatial resolution data and Large-scale (not less than 1:10 million) seven-band ETM data about East Waist Village in Wutai County, Shanxi Province as a source of remote sensing data, analyzing remote sensing data characteristic and research the spectral features in study area, using remote sensing techniques studying area of the rock, construction, alteration to extract ore-finding information. And integrated analyzing the ore-finding information from geologic, geophysical exploration and remote sensing made ore-prospecting prognosis and proposed ore-hunting prospect areas. The following are the main research contents of this paper:
(1) With the characteristics of multi-source remote sensing data of study area, analyzing the bands'best combination of remote sensing images, and preprocessing the high spatial resolution Quickbird images and Large-scale (not less than 1:10 million) seven-band ETM images by geometric correction, image fusion, image enhancement.
(2) Establish remote sensing geological interpretation symbols, extract the study area formation, lithology, structure and other remote sensing wireloop geological information by visual interpretating remote sensing images, in the study area by analyzing the formation and found that the development is more complete, the main rock groups are Myricaria Yanyan group, Lo Tsui group and Hong MenYan yan group, linear structure information mainly contains the three groups that are the NW-SE, NE-SW and S-N direction, ring structures distribute around the study area.
(3) Using the principal component analysis, threshold segmentation method to extract the iron altered information and hydroxyl mineralized alteration information Large-scale (not less than 1:10 million) seven-band ETM images of study area, through analysis of study area mineralized alteration information mainly distributed in Li jia Zhai-da cao ping ductile shear zone, and eliminate the false anomaly information gain the research area's remote sensing altered information eventually.
(4) Combining the superposition analysis study area of geological with the remote sensing prospecting information about the strata, lithology, line ring structure, mineralized alteration information, using the existed geological, geophysical exploration material of study area, propose two best prospecting target areas.
引文
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[8]Rowan, L. C. Goetz, A. F. H. and Ashley, R. P. Discrimination of hydrotheamallyaltered and unaltered rocks in visible and near infrared multispectral images. Geophysics,1977(42):522-535.
[9]Gahegan M. and Flack J.,1996, Model to Support the Integration of Image Understangding Techniques within a GIS,62(5):483-490.
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[14]王志刚,朱振海,刘庆生等,1999,光谱角度填图方法及其在岩性识别中的应用,遥感学报,3(1)：60-65.
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[16]丁振举,1996,金矿遥感找矿模式探讨,河南地质,14(2)：132-138.
[17]马建文.利用TM数据快速提取含矿蚀变带方法研究[J].遥感学报,1997,1(3)：208-210.
[18]Zhao, G. C. kroner, A., Wilde, S. A., Sun, M., et al. Lithotectonic elements and geological events in the Hengshan-Wutai-Fuping belt:a synthesis and implications for theevolution of the Trans-North China Orogen. Geol. Mag,2007,144(5):753-755.
[19]姜峰贤.山西五台县东腰庄金矿成矿地质特征及矿床成因.地质与勘探,2006,42(3)：24-29.
[20]田永清,王安建,余克忍等.山西省五台山-恒山地区脉状金矿成矿的地球动力学.华北地质矿床杂志,1998,13(4)：301-456.
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[22]田永清,苗培森,余克忍等.紧闭褶皱翼部的剪切变形作用-五台山绿岩带金矿化的一种构造控矿机制.前寒武纪研究进展,1999,22(4)：18-29.
[23]宁书年等.遥感图像处理与应用[M].北京：清华大学出版社.1995：75-76.
[24]杨昕,汤国安,邓凤东等.ERDAS遥感数字图像处理实验教程[M].北京：科学出版社,2009,24-26.
[25]曹广真.多元数据融合在金矿成矿预测中的应用[D].青岛.山东科技大学.2003.
[26]梅安新,彭望碌,秦其明等.遥感导论[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2001：133-135.
[27]刘海军.可可西里盆地构造特征及其对油气保存条件的遥感研究[D].成都.成都理工大学,2007,14-15.
[28]杨建明,张玉君,陈薇.ETM+(TM)蚀变遥感异常技术方法在东山戈壁地区的应用[J].矿床地质,2003.22(3)：278-285.
[29]李永颐,李斌山,陆成.遥感地质学[M].重庆：重庆大学出版社,1990：98.
[30]陈述彭,童庆禧,郭华东.遥感信息机理研究[M].北京：科学出版社,1998.
[31]成永生.桂北区带九万大山成矿区遥感找矿预测研究[M].长沙：中南大学,2005.
[32]张樵英,闻立峰.遥感图像目视地质解译方法[M]：北京：地质出版社,1986：10-11.
[33]荆凤.内蒙古大兴安岭南段多金属成矿带遥感多源信息综合研究[D].北京：中国地质大学(北京)硕士学位论文,2005.
[34]袁见奇等.矿床学[M].北京地质出版社.1979,12：92.
[35]姚凤良,孙丰月.矿床学教程[M].北京：地质出版社,2006.
[36]陈赶良.黔桂地区微细浸染型金矿遥感找矿研究[J].贵州地质,1996.13(4)：300-310.
[37]W. P. Loughlin. Principal Component Analysis for Alteration mapping. The Eighth thematic conference on Geology Remote Sensing,Denver Colorado, USA., April 29-May 2,1991(C),293-306.
[38]成功.广西元宝山地区遥感图像处理与找矿研究[D].长沙：中南大学,2002.
[39]姬俊虎.新疆维族自治区库米什—伊热大阪地区ETM遥感图象处理及信息提取[D].长沙：中南大学,2002.
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[41]徐争强.遥感技术在西藏隆子地区矿产资源勘查中的应用[D].成都.成都理工大学,2009.
[42]杨自安,徐国端,邹林等.遥感与多元地学信息综合找矿定位预测[J].矿产与地质,2004,18(4)：343-345.
[2]Erdman, J. A., etal.:J. Geochem.. Explor.,1985, Vol.24,281-304.
[3]GR. Hunt and J, w. Salisloury, Visibal and Near-infrared Spectra of Rocks and Minerals, Modem Geology,1975,5(1).
[4]Kruse, F. A., et al,1993, The Spectral Image Processing System(SIPS)-Interactive Visualization and Analysis of Imagine Spectrometer Data.Remotesens. Environ.,44:145-163.
[5]Woodcock C. E., and Strahler A. H.,1987, The Factor of Scale in Remote Sensing, Remote Sensing of En-vironment,21:311-332.
[6]C. Clark and A. Canas,1995, Spectral identification by artificial neural network and genetic algorithm, Int. J. Remote Sensing,16(12):2255-2275.
[7]Loughlin, W. P. Principal Componet Analysis for alteration mapping. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing,1991(57):1163-1169.
[8]Rowan, L. C. Goetz, A. F. H. and Ashley, R. P. Discrimination of hydrotheamallyaltered and unaltered rocks in visible and near infrared multispectral images. Geophysics,1977(42):522-535.
[9]Gahegan M. and Flack J.,1996, Model to Support the Integration of Image Understangding Techniques within a GIS,62(5):483-490.
[10]赵元洪、张福祥、陈南峰,1991,波段比值的主成分复合在热液蚀变信息提取中的应用,国土资源遥感,第三期：12-17.
[11]田庆久,董卫东,郑兰芬等,1996,新疆柯坪地区沉积岩光谱特征分析,遥感技术与应用,11(2)： 1-8.
[12]张满郎,1996,金矿蚀变信息提取中的主成分分析,遥感技术与应用,11(3)：1-6.
[13]刘庆生,王志刚,荆林海,1999,岩石实验室光谱对应分析研究,遥感学报,3(2)：151-156.
[14]王志刚,朱振海,刘庆生等,1999,光谱角度填图方法及其在岩性识别中的应用,遥感学报,3(1)：60-65.
[15]杨武年.根据遥感图像试论环形构造与矿产之间的关系[J].成都地质学院学报,1983,101-108.
[16]丁振举,1996,金矿遥感找矿模式探讨,河南地质,14(2)：132-138.
[17]马建文.利用TM数据快速提取含矿蚀变带方法研究[J].遥感学报,1997,1(3)：208-210.
[18]Zhao, G. C. kroner, A., Wilde, S. A., Sun, M., et al. Lithotectonic elements and geological events in the Hengshan-Wutai-Fuping belt:a synthesis and implications for theevolution of the Trans-North China Orogen. Geol. Mag,2007,144(5):753-755.
[19]姜峰贤.山西五台县东腰庄金矿成矿地质特征及矿床成因.地质与勘探,2006,42(3)：24-29.
[20]田永清,王安建,余克忍等.山西省五台山-恒山地区脉状金矿成矿的地球动力学.华北地质矿床杂志,1998,13(4)：301-456.
[21]沈保丰,毛德宝.五台山-恒山绿岩带型金矿床的时空分布.前寒武纪研究进展,1999,22(1)：1-11.
[22]田永清,苗培森,余克忍等.紧闭褶皱翼部的剪切变形作用-五台山绿岩带金矿化的一种构造控矿机制.前寒武纪研究进展,1999,22(4)：18-29.
[23]宁书年等.遥感图像处理与应用[M].北京：清华大学出版社.1995：75-76.
[24]杨昕,汤国安,邓凤东等.ERDAS遥感数字图像处理实验教程[M].北京：科学出版社,2009,24-26.
[25]曹广真.多元数据融合在金矿成矿预测中的应用[D].青岛.山东科技大学.2003.
[26]梅安新,彭望碌,秦其明等.遥感导论[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2001：133-135.
[27]刘海军.可可西里盆地构造特征及其对油气保存条件的遥感研究[D].成都.成都理工大学,2007,14-15.
[28]杨建明,张玉君,陈薇.ETM+(TM)蚀变遥感异常技术方法在东山戈壁地区的应用[J].矿床地质,2003.22(3)：278-285.
[29]李永颐,李斌山,陆成.遥感地质学[M].重庆：重庆大学出版社,1990：98.
[30]陈述彭,童庆禧,郭华东.遥感信息机理研究[M].北京：科学出版社,1998.
[31]成永生.桂北区带九万大山成矿区遥感找矿预测研究[M].长沙：中南大学,2005.
[32]张樵英,闻立峰.遥感图像目视地质解译方法[M]：北京：地质出版社,1986：10-11.
[33]荆凤.内蒙古大兴安岭南段多金属成矿带遥感多源信息综合研究[D].北京：中国地质大学(北京)硕士学位论文,2005.
[34]袁见奇等.矿床学[M].北京地质出版社.1979,12：92.
[35]姚凤良,孙丰月.矿床学教程[M].北京：地质出版社,2006.
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