宁镇中段铁铜多金属矿床遥感信息找矿研究
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摘要
本文在分析研究区宁镇中段区域地质特征与铜多金属矿床成矿规律的基础上,根据遥感数据的空间分辨率、光谱分辨率和时相分辨率以及本次研究的经济技术条件,确定了遥感数据源及遥感信息提取方法。分析遥感图像数据特征和研究区内地物及蚀变矿物岩石的光谱特征,针对两种不同遥感数据来源,采用多种遥感信息处理方法,分别解译和提取了该区岩性、构造、矿化蚀变等找矿信息。然后利用地理信息技术,将地质、物探、化探等方面的各类找矿信息进行空间位置叠加分析,剔除无用信息,找到具有一定相关性的各类信息集中区或点,同时运用对比和类推思想合理利用有用信息,最终圈定找矿靶区。工作成果主要包括：
(1)通过多种腰杆图像增强处理方法解译了宁镇中段区域遥感地质信息,包括地层岩性、线性构造、环形构造。
(2)利用Landsat-7 ETM+数据,主要得到铁化蚀变信息和泥化蚀变信息。针对ASTER数据,主要采用基于主分量门限法,是通过设定合理的阈值提取蚀变信息,然后再和比值法、光谱角填图法提取出的蚀变信息进行对比研究,剔除假异常信息以得到筛选后的蚀变信息。
(3)本文综合遥感蚀变信息提取的结果和地质、物探、化探及磁异常等各类成矿预测信息,划分出了研究区内的蚀变异常区及其蚀变等级,列出了综合表。
(4)综合叠加地质、物探、化探、遥感等找矿信息,得到宁镇中段铜多金属矿综合预测图,提出了共十一个具有找矿意义的预测靶区。
According to the geological characteristics and the ore-formation regularities of the studied region, the remote sensing data sources and processing methods are chosen by balancing the spatial resolution, spectral and temporal resolution, economic and technological situations as well. Through analyzing the features of the two sources of remote sensing data and the spectral character of ground objects, different processing methods are used to extract the lithologic, tectonic and mineralization alternation information from RS images. Then, being assisted by the geologic, geophysical and geochemical information, useless and pseudo information can be eliminated and these special anomaly sections or points can be abstracted. Finally, the prospecting targets were outlined by comprehensive analysis of all kinds of prospecting information.
The primary work and results of this paper as follows:
(1) The author abstracted the lithologic, lineal and annular structural information by using different RS processing methods.
(2)Based on the patterns of mineralization-alteration and spectrum characters of altered rock, chalybeate and argillation information are extracted from Landsat-7 ETM+ data. About ASTER data, the main processing method is principal component analysis which is based on threshold method to extract the altered information, then contrasts these altered information with those ones being extracted by the band ratio and spectral angel mapping methods, the pseudo anomaly information is eliminated and then the filtered remote sensing information is obtained.
(3) The alteration information, extracted by the remote sensing technology, is comprehensively analyzed and integrated with geologic, geophysical and geochemical exploration data. Then the author obtained the comprehensive alteration information for polymetallic ore prospecting and listed these information on the table of mineral prospecting targets.
(4)on the basis of remote sensing anomaly information, a comprehensive prospecting map has been drawn. On this map, eleven prospecting targets for polymetallic ores are orientated in the studied region.
(1)通过多种腰杆图像增强处理方法解译了宁镇中段区域遥感地质信息,包括地层岩性、线性构造、环形构造。
(2)利用Landsat-7 ETM+数据,主要得到铁化蚀变信息和泥化蚀变信息。针对ASTER数据,主要采用基于主分量门限法,是通过设定合理的阈值提取蚀变信息,然后再和比值法、光谱角填图法提取出的蚀变信息进行对比研究,剔除假异常信息以得到筛选后的蚀变信息。
(3)本文综合遥感蚀变信息提取的结果和地质、物探、化探及磁异常等各类成矿预测信息,划分出了研究区内的蚀变异常区及其蚀变等级,列出了综合表。
(4)综合叠加地质、物探、化探、遥感等找矿信息,得到宁镇中段铜多金属矿综合预测图,提出了共十一个具有找矿意义的预测靶区。
According to the geological characteristics and the ore-formation regularities of the studied region, the remote sensing data sources and processing methods are chosen by balancing the spatial resolution, spectral and temporal resolution, economic and technological situations as well. Through analyzing the features of the two sources of remote sensing data and the spectral character of ground objects, different processing methods are used to extract the lithologic, tectonic and mineralization alternation information from RS images. Then, being assisted by the geologic, geophysical and geochemical information, useless and pseudo information can be eliminated and these special anomaly sections or points can be abstracted. Finally, the prospecting targets were outlined by comprehensive analysis of all kinds of prospecting information.
The primary work and results of this paper as follows:
(1) The author abstracted the lithologic, lineal and annular structural information by using different RS processing methods.
(2)Based on the patterns of mineralization-alteration and spectrum characters of altered rock, chalybeate and argillation information are extracted from Landsat-7 ETM+ data. About ASTER data, the main processing method is principal component analysis which is based on threshold method to extract the altered information, then contrasts these altered information with those ones being extracted by the band ratio and spectral angel mapping methods, the pseudo anomaly information is eliminated and then the filtered remote sensing information is obtained.
(3) The alteration information, extracted by the remote sensing technology, is comprehensively analyzed and integrated with geologic, geophysical and geochemical exploration data. Then the author obtained the comprehensive alteration information for polymetallic ore prospecting and listed these information on the table of mineral prospecting targets.
(4)on the basis of remote sensing anomaly information, a comprehensive prospecting map has been drawn. On this map, eleven prospecting targets for polymetallic ores are orientated in the studied region.
引文
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[11]鲍光淑,姚锐,戴塔根,等.地学信息系统在矿产预测中的应用[J].中南工业大学学报,2002,33(5)：445～448
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[19]张玉君,杨建民,陈薇.ETM+(TM)蚀变遥感异常提取方法研究与应用-地质依据和波谱前提[J].国土资源遥感,2002,54(4)：30～37
[20]甘甫平,王润生,马蔼乃,等.遥感地质信息提取集成与矿物遥感地质分析模型[J].遥感学报.2003,7(3)：207-212
[21]王润生,杨苏明,阎柏棍.成像光谱矿物识别方法与识别模型评述[J].国土资源遥感,2007,71(1)：1～7
[22]薛虎,施华生,徐国泉.宁镇山脉的推覆构造与褶皱[J].中国地质科学院南京地质矿产研究所所刊,1985,6(3)：1～14
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[24]梅安新.遥感导论[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2001
[25]白雅文.遥感技术在地质构造信息提取中的应用：[硕士学位论文].北京：中国地质大学,2006
[26]荆凤,陈建平.矿化蚀变信息的遥感提取方法综述[J].遥感信息,2005(2)：62～64
[27]KR McClay and NJ Price, Thrust and Nappe Tectonics, Blackwell Scientific Publication, London (1981).
[28]Du CG, Wang YL. Demand predictions of the medium and long-term of China's coal sources, Journal of Dongbei University of Finance and Economics.2007,50(2):67～69.
[29]汤国安,张友顺,浏咏梅,等.遥感数字图像处理[M].北京：科学出版社,2004
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