深水海底管线S型铺设分析方法与力学特性研究
|
摘要
随着科学技术的进步和人类对海洋石油资源认知水平的不断提高,深水油气开发已成为世界石油工业的焦点和科技创新的前沿。海底管道是深水油气开发的重要组成部分,对海上油气田的开发、生产和外输起着关键性的作用。深水海底管道铺设过程受到众多环境因素和施工因素的影响。诸多因素的耦合作用具有很强的非线性特性,从而导致了安装过程中管线的形态,运动及其控制相当复杂。因此,针对管线S型铺设的关键力学问题及分析方法开展研究是非常必要的。本文以我国南海油气开发模式为依据,对深水S型铺设海底管线进行相应的力学分析及分析方法研究。
本文应用大变形理论建立了深水S型铺管中管道形态的大挠度梁微分方程,证明管道悬垂段形态可以用自然悬链线进行近似模拟。此外,还对安装过程中管线非线性边界条件采用专门方法进行了处理。首先对海底土壤地基对触底段管道的垂向、侧向和轴向的反力作用进行了模拟。接下来又提出了铺设过程中托管架托辊与过弯段管道的全接触模型,真实模拟了铺管作业中过弯段管道的实际状态。同时,还实现了通过对托管架上托辊进行曲线拟合来调节托辊的位置。这些都为S型铺管中管线的整体非线性力学特性研究奠定了基础。
利用上述分析方法,研究了海流、托管架管道入水角、托管架尺寸以及铺管船运动等对管线铺设过程中安全性的影响,得到了相应的规律,为深水管道铺设工艺和技术提出了十分重要的建议。本文还对文中所得结果进行了计算验证,使本文提出的数值模拟方法和力学分析方法更具准确性。这些都将有效指导工程实际,并为深水铺管作业动态监测及铺管阶段管道完整性管理提供了技术支持。
With the progress of science and technology and the improvement of Human cognitive level of offshore oil resources, deepwater oil and gas exploitation has been becoming the focus of the world's petroleum industry and the forefront of technological innovation. Submarine pipeline is an important assembly part of deep sea oil and gas exploitation, which plays a key role in the offshore oil and gas field exploitation, production and transportation. Seriously impacts of many kinds of environmental and construction factors have been subject to the pipeline in pipe-laying process. Coupling effects of these factors have strong nonlinear characteristics, which resulted in the complex of pipeline configuration, movement and control during the pipe laying. Therefore, relevant researching on key mechanical problems and analysis method of pipeline S-lay is indeed necessary. In this paper, research on mechanical analysis and analytical methods on deepwater S-lay have been carried out, based on the oil and gas exploitation model in the South China Sea.
Large-angle deflection beam theory was used to establish differential equations of deepwater S-lay in this paper. The feasibility was demonstrated whether simple catenary theory could be approximated to the configuration of the sagbend. In addition, nonlinear boundary conditions of the pipeline during the installation were processed using special methods. Firstly, the reaction forces of vertical, lateral and axial directions of soil foundation subject to the on-bottom were processed with special simulating method. And then, total contact model of stinger rollers and the overbend was brought up, which could simulate the real state of the pipeline of that part during the pipe laying. At the same time, Curve fitting of stinger rollers was worked out to adjust the positions of the rollers. These have laid the foundations for the researches on global nonlinear mechanical characteristics of the pipeline.
The impacts of ocean current, entrance angle of the overbend, stinger size and pipe-laying vessel movements were comprehensively analyzed, using the above analysis method. Corresponding laws were obtained, and very important recommendations have been proposed for the deepwater pipe laying process and technology. The results were also verified, to ensure the accuracy of numerical simulation methods and mechanical analysis method used in this paper. These are surely going to make more effective guidance for the actual engineering projects, and provide technical support for dynamic monitoring and integrity management of the deepwater pipe-lay.
本文应用大变形理论建立了深水S型铺管中管道形态的大挠度梁微分方程,证明管道悬垂段形态可以用自然悬链线进行近似模拟。此外,还对安装过程中管线非线性边界条件采用专门方法进行了处理。首先对海底土壤地基对触底段管道的垂向、侧向和轴向的反力作用进行了模拟。接下来又提出了铺设过程中托管架托辊与过弯段管道的全接触模型,真实模拟了铺管作业中过弯段管道的实际状态。同时,还实现了通过对托管架上托辊进行曲线拟合来调节托辊的位置。这些都为S型铺管中管线的整体非线性力学特性研究奠定了基础。
利用上述分析方法,研究了海流、托管架管道入水角、托管架尺寸以及铺管船运动等对管线铺设过程中安全性的影响,得到了相应的规律,为深水管道铺设工艺和技术提出了十分重要的建议。本文还对文中所得结果进行了计算验证,使本文提出的数值模拟方法和力学分析方法更具准确性。这些都将有效指导工程实际,并为深水铺管作业动态监测及铺管阶段管道完整性管理提供了技术支持。
With the progress of science and technology and the improvement of Human cognitive level of offshore oil resources, deepwater oil and gas exploitation has been becoming the focus of the world's petroleum industry and the forefront of technological innovation. Submarine pipeline is an important assembly part of deep sea oil and gas exploitation, which plays a key role in the offshore oil and gas field exploitation, production and transportation. Seriously impacts of many kinds of environmental and construction factors have been subject to the pipeline in pipe-laying process. Coupling effects of these factors have strong nonlinear characteristics, which resulted in the complex of pipeline configuration, movement and control during the pipe laying. Therefore, relevant researching on key mechanical problems and analysis method of pipeline S-lay is indeed necessary. In this paper, research on mechanical analysis and analytical methods on deepwater S-lay have been carried out, based on the oil and gas exploitation model in the South China Sea.
Large-angle deflection beam theory was used to establish differential equations of deepwater S-lay in this paper. The feasibility was demonstrated whether simple catenary theory could be approximated to the configuration of the sagbend. In addition, nonlinear boundary conditions of the pipeline during the installation were processed using special methods. Firstly, the reaction forces of vertical, lateral and axial directions of soil foundation subject to the on-bottom were processed with special simulating method. And then, total contact model of stinger rollers and the overbend was brought up, which could simulate the real state of the pipeline of that part during the pipe laying. At the same time, Curve fitting of stinger rollers was worked out to adjust the positions of the rollers. These have laid the foundations for the researches on global nonlinear mechanical characteristics of the pipeline.
The impacts of ocean current, entrance angle of the overbend, stinger size and pipe-laying vessel movements were comprehensively analyzed, using the above analysis method. Corresponding laws were obtained, and very important recommendations have been proposed for the deepwater pipe laying process and technology. The results were also verified, to ensure the accuracy of numerical simulation methods and mechanical analysis method used in this paper. These are surely going to make more effective guidance for the actual engineering projects, and provide technical support for dynamic monitoring and integrity management of the deepwater pipe-lay.
引文
[1]C.A. Martins, C.A.N. Harada and A.B. Costa, R.M.C. Silva. "Parametric Analysis of Steel Catenary Riser Under Extreme Loads" [A]. Proceedings of the 9th International Offshore & Polar Engineering Conference, Brest, France,1999:309-313.
[2]Chul H. Jo. "Limitation and Comparison of S-lay and J-lay Methods" [A]. Proceedings of the 3rd International Offshore & Polar Engineering Conference, Singapore,1993:201-206.
[3]V.J. Modi and S.M. Calisal, A.S. Atadan, Y. Guo. "Dynamic Analysis of a Marine Riser" [A]. Proceedings of the 4th International Offshore & Polar Engineering Conference, Osaka, Japan, 1994:224-230.
[4]Koji Otsuka, Akiyoshi Bando and Yoshiho Ikeda. "Dynamic Analysis of Deepwater Risers" [A]. Proceedings of the 9th International Offshore & Polar Engineering Conference, Brest, France, 1999:302-308.
[5]M.A. Kamyshev, A.I.Ermolenko and L.V. Melnyk. "Stress Analysis of Submarine Pipeline During Installation From a Lay-barge" [A]. Proceedings of the 2nd International Offshore & Polar Engineering Conference, San Francisco,USA,1992:60-67.
[6]S.R. Sattamini, Agustin J. Ferranti. "Computational Analysis of Deep Water Risers During Installation and Hang off'[A]. Proceedings of the 3rd International Offshore & Polar Engineering Conference, Singapore,1993:301-310.
[7]C.A. Martins, A.B. Costa and C.A.N. Harada, R.M.C. Silva. "Parametric Analysis of Steel Catenary Riser:Fatigue Behavior Near the Touchdown Point" [A]. Proceedings of the 9th International Offshore & Polar EngineeringConference, Brest, France,1999:314-319.
[8]C.A. Martins and E. Higashi, R.M.C. Silva. "A Parametric Analysis of Steel Catenary Risers:Fatigue Behavior Near the Top" [A]. Proceedings of the 10th International Offshore & Polar Engineering Conference, Seattle, USA,2000:54-59.
[9]Tseng Huang, Qing Liang Kang. "Three Dimensional Analysis of a Marine Riser with Large Displacements" [A]. Proceedings of the 1st International Offshore & Polar Engineering Conference, Edinburgh, United Kingdom,1991:170-177.
[10JC.A. Nunes Dias, Flavio Torres Lopez da Cruz. "Structural Analysis of Flexible Pipe Using Finite Element Method" [A]. Proceedings of the 7th International Offshore & Polar Engineering Conference, Honolulu, USA,1997:137-143.
[11]Powers J T, Firm L D.Stress analysis of offshore pipelines during installing [J]. OTC 1071,1969
[12]KONUK I, Higher order approximations in stress analysis of subsea pipelines [J]. J.Energy Resources Tech, Tr.ASME,1980,102:190-196
[13]KONUK I, Application of an adaptive numerical technique to 3D pipeline problems with strong nonlinearities [J]. J.Energy Resources Tech. Tr.ASME,1982,104:58-62
[14]郭艳林,梁政.海底管道铺设施工设计分析[J],石油学报,20(4),1999,83-87
[15]王丹,刘家新.一般状态下悬链线方程的应用[J],船海工程,36(3),2007,26-28
[16]DNV, DNV-RP-F105 FREE SPANNING PIPELINES[S], DET NORSKE VERITAS,2006,34-38
[17]李远林,近海结构水动力学[M],华南理工大学出版社,1999：41-75
[18]李宁.我国海洋石油油气储运回顾与展望[J].油气储运,2003,22(9)：32-34.
[19]梁政.海洋管道“J”型铺设研究[J].中国海上油气,1993,5(2)：22-28.
[20]徐芝纶.弹性力学简明教程[M].北京：高等教育出版社.2001.
[21]詹侃,陆仁华.海底管道在铺设过程中的二维静态分析[J].海洋工程,1991,9(4)：14-20.
[22]徐德会,冯刚.确定海洋管道铺设作业参数的软件实现[D].大连：大连理工大学,2001.3.
[23]周延东,刘日柱.我国海底管道的发展状况和前景[J].中国海上油气,1998,10(4)：1-5.
[24]朱伯芳.有限单元法原理与应用[M].北京：中国水利水电出版社.1998.
[25]戴英杰,宋甲宗,郭东明.多点支撑托管架支撑下的海洋管道铺设中的静力分析[J],海洋工[程,17(2),1999
[26]戴英杰.海洋管道铺设过程中的力学性质及相关技术的研究[D].大连：大连理工大学,1999.
[26]宋甲宗,戴英杰.海洋管道铺设时的二维静力分析[J].大连理工大学学报,1999,39(1)：91294.
[27]赵婷 冯刚.“S”型海洋管道铺设中的力学性质研究[D].大连：大连理工大学2007.12.
[28]曾宝,程景彬,周云龙等.国内外铺管船概况[J].油气储运,2007,26(6)：11-15.
[29]董丽丽,徐慧,郭振邦.海底管道悬跨长度的计算[J].中国海上油气,2003,15(6)：16-23.
[30]黄玉盈,朱达善.海洋管线铺设时的静力分析[J].海洋工程,1986,4(1)：32-45.
[31]王海期,马仑.海洋管道在铺设时的静动力分析[J].海洋工程1986,4(3)：23-39.
[32]曾晓辉,柳春图,刑静忠.海底管道铺设的力学分析[J].力学与实践2002.2.24(2)：19-21.
[33]马锐,冯刚.非线性有限元法在海洋管道铺设中的应用[D].大连：大连理工大学,2007.1.
[34]肖锡武,王海期.悬跨管道的非线性自由振动[J].海洋工程,1982,10(1)：20-34.
[35]甄国强,胡宗武.铺设过程中海底管道的静态分析[J].水动力学研究与进展A辑,1993,8(3)：302-30
[36]帅健,吕英民,张进国.用动坐标迭代法分析海洋管道敷设时的应力[J].油气储运,1996,15(10)：21-24.
[37]顾永宁.海底管线铺管作业状态分析[J].海洋工程,1987,6(2).
[38]何炎平,邓德衡,谭家华.大直径薄壁管道浅海铺设时的空间形态和应力分布[J].中国海上油气工程,2001,04.
[39]Ted Belytschko,Wing Kam Liu,Brian Moran连续体和结构的有限元[M].清华大学出版社.
[40]周俊,金伟良,龚顺风.深水海底管线S型铺管形态及施工工艺研究[D].杭州：浙江大学,2008.5.
[41]于林,钟万怒,岳前进.深海托管架概念设计要素研究[D].大连：大连理工大学2008.5.
[42]叶玮.海底管道新型铺管方法-卷管法的施工技术研究[D].杭州：浙江大学硕士学位论文.2006.
[43]李有法.数值计算方法[M].北京：高等教育出版社.1996.
[2]Chul H. Jo. "Limitation and Comparison of S-lay and J-lay Methods" [A]. Proceedings of the 3rd International Offshore & Polar Engineering Conference, Singapore,1993:201-206.
[3]V.J. Modi and S.M. Calisal, A.S. Atadan, Y. Guo. "Dynamic Analysis of a Marine Riser" [A]. Proceedings of the 4th International Offshore & Polar Engineering Conference, Osaka, Japan, 1994:224-230.
[4]Koji Otsuka, Akiyoshi Bando and Yoshiho Ikeda. "Dynamic Analysis of Deepwater Risers" [A]. Proceedings of the 9th International Offshore & Polar Engineering Conference, Brest, France, 1999:302-308.
[5]M.A. Kamyshev, A.I.Ermolenko and L.V. Melnyk. "Stress Analysis of Submarine Pipeline During Installation From a Lay-barge" [A]. Proceedings of the 2nd International Offshore & Polar Engineering Conference, San Francisco,USA,1992:60-67.
[6]S.R. Sattamini, Agustin J. Ferranti. "Computational Analysis of Deep Water Risers During Installation and Hang off'[A]. Proceedings of the 3rd International Offshore & Polar Engineering Conference, Singapore,1993:301-310.
[7]C.A. Martins, A.B. Costa and C.A.N. Harada, R.M.C. Silva. "Parametric Analysis of Steel Catenary Riser:Fatigue Behavior Near the Touchdown Point" [A]. Proceedings of the 9th International Offshore & Polar EngineeringConference, Brest, France,1999:314-319.
[8]C.A. Martins and E. Higashi, R.M.C. Silva. "A Parametric Analysis of Steel Catenary Risers:Fatigue Behavior Near the Top" [A]. Proceedings of the 10th International Offshore & Polar Engineering Conference, Seattle, USA,2000:54-59.
[9]Tseng Huang, Qing Liang Kang. "Three Dimensional Analysis of a Marine Riser with Large Displacements" [A]. Proceedings of the 1st International Offshore & Polar Engineering Conference, Edinburgh, United Kingdom,1991:170-177.
[10JC.A. Nunes Dias, Flavio Torres Lopez da Cruz. "Structural Analysis of Flexible Pipe Using Finite Element Method" [A]. Proceedings of the 7th International Offshore & Polar Engineering Conference, Honolulu, USA,1997:137-143.
[11]Powers J T, Firm L D.Stress analysis of offshore pipelines during installing [J]. OTC 1071,1969
[12]KONUK I, Higher order approximations in stress analysis of subsea pipelines [J]. J.Energy Resources Tech, Tr.ASME,1980,102:190-196
[13]KONUK I, Application of an adaptive numerical technique to 3D pipeline problems with strong nonlinearities [J]. J.Energy Resources Tech. Tr.ASME,1982,104:58-62
[14]郭艳林,梁政.海底管道铺设施工设计分析[J],石油学报,20(4),1999,83-87
[15]王丹,刘家新.一般状态下悬链线方程的应用[J],船海工程,36(3),2007,26-28
[16]DNV, DNV-RP-F105 FREE SPANNING PIPELINES[S], DET NORSKE VERITAS,2006,34-38
[17]李远林,近海结构水动力学[M],华南理工大学出版社,1999：41-75
[18]李宁.我国海洋石油油气储运回顾与展望[J].油气储运,2003,22(9)：32-34.
[19]梁政.海洋管道“J”型铺设研究[J].中国海上油气,1993,5(2)：22-28.
[20]徐芝纶.弹性力学简明教程[M].北京：高等教育出版社.2001.
[21]詹侃,陆仁华.海底管道在铺设过程中的二维静态分析[J].海洋工程,1991,9(4)：14-20.
[22]徐德会,冯刚.确定海洋管道铺设作业参数的软件实现[D].大连：大连理工大学,2001.3.
[23]周延东,刘日柱.我国海底管道的发展状况和前景[J].中国海上油气,1998,10(4)：1-5.
[24]朱伯芳.有限单元法原理与应用[M].北京：中国水利水电出版社.1998.
[25]戴英杰,宋甲宗,郭东明.多点支撑托管架支撑下的海洋管道铺设中的静力分析[J],海洋工[程,17(2),1999
[26]戴英杰.海洋管道铺设过程中的力学性质及相关技术的研究[D].大连：大连理工大学,1999.
[26]宋甲宗,戴英杰.海洋管道铺设时的二维静力分析[J].大连理工大学学报,1999,39(1)：91294.
[27]赵婷 冯刚.“S”型海洋管道铺设中的力学性质研究[D].大连：大连理工大学2007.12.
[28]曾宝,程景彬,周云龙等.国内外铺管船概况[J].油气储运,2007,26(6)：11-15.
[29]董丽丽,徐慧,郭振邦.海底管道悬跨长度的计算[J].中国海上油气,2003,15(6)：16-23.
[30]黄玉盈,朱达善.海洋管线铺设时的静力分析[J].海洋工程,1986,4(1)：32-45.
[31]王海期,马仑.海洋管道在铺设时的静动力分析[J].海洋工程1986,4(3)：23-39.
[32]曾晓辉,柳春图,刑静忠.海底管道铺设的力学分析[J].力学与实践2002.2.24(2)：19-21.
[33]马锐,冯刚.非线性有限元法在海洋管道铺设中的应用[D].大连：大连理工大学,2007.1.
[34]肖锡武,王海期.悬跨管道的非线性自由振动[J].海洋工程,1982,10(1)：20-34.
[35]甄国强,胡宗武.铺设过程中海底管道的静态分析[J].水动力学研究与进展A辑,1993,8(3)：302-30
[36]帅健,吕英民,张进国.用动坐标迭代法分析海洋管道敷设时的应力[J].油气储运,1996,15(10)：21-24.
[37]顾永宁.海底管线铺管作业状态分析[J].海洋工程,1987,6(2).
[38]何炎平,邓德衡,谭家华.大直径薄壁管道浅海铺设时的空间形态和应力分布[J].中国海上油气工程,2001,04.
[39]Ted Belytschko,Wing Kam Liu,Brian Moran连续体和结构的有限元[M].清华大学出版社.
[40]周俊,金伟良,龚顺风.深水海底管线S型铺管形态及施工工艺研究[D].杭州：浙江大学,2008.5.
[41]于林,钟万怒,岳前进.深海托管架概念设计要素研究[D].大连：大连理工大学2008.5.
[42]叶玮.海底管道新型铺管方法-卷管法的施工技术研究[D].杭州：浙江大学硕士学位论文.2006.
[43]李有法.数值计算方法[M].北京：高等教育出版社.1996.