纳米Al_2O_3和Cr_2O_3对镁铬质耐火材料性能和结构的影响
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摘要
本文主要研究了纳米Al_2O_3和纳米Cr_2O_3对镁铬质耐火材料性能和结构的影响。在镁铬质耐火材料中分别加入不同量的纳米Al_2O_3和纳米Cr_2O_3粉体,研究了两种纳米粉对不同温度烧成的镁铬质耐火材料的烧结与力学性能的影响,同时借助扫描电镜和能量色散谱仪等手段对材料显微结构进行分析。结果表明:
(1)加入纳米粉可有效改善镁铬质耐火材料的烧结性能、力学性能和抗热震性能,并且提高材料高温相的直接结合程度。烧成温度越低,纳米粉的加入对其性能影响就越显著。
(2)加入适量纳米粉可以有效填充坯体颗粒中的纳米级空隙,提高坯体的密度,使得坯体更加致密。当纳米粉恰好能完全填充于坯体的纳米级孔隙中,对坯体性能提升最高,如加入过量,反而会降低其性能。本文中,4%的Al_2O_3和Cr_2O_3纳米粉均是最佳加入量。
(3)纳米粉的加入能降低镁铬质耐火材料的烧成温度,4%纳米粉大约可降低100℃。
(4)加入适量的纳米Al_2O_3和Cr_2O_3到镁铬质耐火材料中,对制品烧结性能和力学性能的影响不一样,加纳米Al_2O_3在1550℃其助烧结效果就已显露,但加纳米Cr_2O_3要到1650℃才显示出对烧结和力学性能的促进作用。
The influences of nano-Al_2O_3 and nano-Cr_2O_3 on the properties and structure of magnesia-chrome refractory has been studied. Different amounts of nano-Al_2O_3 powders and nano-Cr_2O_3 powders were added to the magnesia-chrome refractory, the influences of this two different nano-powders on the sintering property and mechanical property by different temperature sintered has been studied, meanwhile, the microstructure of the material has been analysised by means of scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy.The following conclusions have been reached:
(1) The sintering property, mechanical property and thermal shock resistance of magnesia-chrome refractory have been improved by adding nano-powder, and direct binding of high temperature phase has been enhanced, the performance affected by the addition of nano-particles is more remarkable of lower sintering temperature.
(2) The nano-gap in the reen body particles can be filled effectively by adding appropriate amount of nanoparticles, making the green body more compact and improving the density of green body. The green body has the highest performance when the nano-gap is filled completely if the number of nanoparticles are just appropriate, and the performance will be reduced if the nanoparticles are added excessively. Both the optimum dosage of Al_2O_3 and Cr_2O_3 nanoparticles are 4% in this paper.
(3) The firing temperature of magnesia-chrome refractory can be reduced by adding nanoparticles, and it can be reduced about 100℃with 4% nano-powder.
(4) The influences of adding nano-Al_2O_3 and nano-Cr_2O_3 to magnesia-chrome refractory on the sintering property and mechanical property of the products are different, the effects of sintering aid has been shown at 1550℃with adding nano-Al_2O_3 ,but at 1650℃with adding nano-Cr_2O_3 .
(1)加入纳米粉可有效改善镁铬质耐火材料的烧结性能、力学性能和抗热震性能,并且提高材料高温相的直接结合程度。烧成温度越低,纳米粉的加入对其性能影响就越显著。
(2)加入适量纳米粉可以有效填充坯体颗粒中的纳米级空隙,提高坯体的密度,使得坯体更加致密。当纳米粉恰好能完全填充于坯体的纳米级孔隙中,对坯体性能提升最高,如加入过量,反而会降低其性能。本文中,4%的Al_2O_3和Cr_2O_3纳米粉均是最佳加入量。
(3)纳米粉的加入能降低镁铬质耐火材料的烧成温度,4%纳米粉大约可降低100℃。
(4)加入适量的纳米Al_2O_3和Cr_2O_3到镁铬质耐火材料中,对制品烧结性能和力学性能的影响不一样,加纳米Al_2O_3在1550℃其助烧结效果就已显露,但加纳米Cr_2O_3要到1650℃才显示出对烧结和力学性能的促进作用。
The influences of nano-Al_2O_3 and nano-Cr_2O_3 on the properties and structure of magnesia-chrome refractory has been studied. Different amounts of nano-Al_2O_3 powders and nano-Cr_2O_3 powders were added to the magnesia-chrome refractory, the influences of this two different nano-powders on the sintering property and mechanical property by different temperature sintered has been studied, meanwhile, the microstructure of the material has been analysised by means of scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy.The following conclusions have been reached:
(1) The sintering property, mechanical property and thermal shock resistance of magnesia-chrome refractory have been improved by adding nano-powder, and direct binding of high temperature phase has been enhanced, the performance affected by the addition of nano-particles is more remarkable of lower sintering temperature.
(2) The nano-gap in the reen body particles can be filled effectively by adding appropriate amount of nanoparticles, making the green body more compact and improving the density of green body. The green body has the highest performance when the nano-gap is filled completely if the number of nanoparticles are just appropriate, and the performance will be reduced if the nanoparticles are added excessively. Both the optimum dosage of Al_2O_3 and Cr_2O_3 nanoparticles are 4% in this paper.
(3) The firing temperature of magnesia-chrome refractory can be reduced by adding nanoparticles, and it can be reduced about 100℃with 4% nano-powder.
(4) The influences of adding nano-Al_2O_3 and nano-Cr_2O_3 to magnesia-chrome refractory on the sintering property and mechanical property of the products are different, the effects of sintering aid has been shown at 1550℃with adding nano-Al_2O_3 ,but at 1650℃with adding nano-Cr_2O_3 .
引文
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[8]李红霞.耐火材料手册[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2007:381-388.
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[10]陈肇友.炼铜、炼镍炉用耐火材料的选择与发展[J].耐火材料.1992,26(2):108.
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[15]武文林.RH炉用优质镁铬砖的损毁机理研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2003.
[16]蒋明学,陈肇友.炉渣在耐火材料中的等温渗透[J].硅酸盐学报,1980,18(3):256.
[17] Bilkerman J. Surface chemistry[M]. New York: Academic Press Inc,1958: 23.
[18]陈肇友.炉渣对氧化转炉炉衬的侵蚀[J].硅酸盐学报,1980,8(4):397.
[19]陈肇友.炉外精炼用耐火材料提高寿命的途径及其发展动向[J].耐火材料2007,41 (1):1-12.
[20]陈肇友.Cr2O3在耐火材料中的行为[J].耐火材料,1990,24(2):37-44.
[21] Miglani S. Effect of surface area on the properties of rebonded fused grain brick [C] //UNITECR’93 Congress Proceedings, Sao Paulo, Brazil , 1993: 1455-1465.
[22] Czapka Z, Skalska M, Zelik W. Mechanisms of wear of refractory materials in snorkels of RH degasser and the possibilities for their reduction[C] //UNITECR’05 Congress Proceedings, Orlando, US,2005: 18-22.
[23]王宝玉,于仁红,师素环,等.浸渍镁盐对镁铬砖性能的影响[J].耐火材料,2008, 42(4) :279-281.
[24]李新,窦叔菊.TiO2对镁铬砖抗渣蚀性的影响[J].耐火材料,2001,35(3):144-146.
[25]陈肇友.含碳耐火材料在炼铜、炼镍转炉中使用效果不理想原因分析[J].耐火材料,1992,26(3) :177.
[26]蒋明学.渣对镁白云石质耐火材料的侵蚀[J].耐火材料,1992,26(4):193.
[27]郭天立.国内炼铜企业工艺改造方案的选择[J].有色冶炼,2003,01 .
[28]杜明玺译.工业窑炉用耐火材料[J].国外耐火材料, 1997,03.
[29]王诚训,栾永杰,李洪申.炉外精炼用耐火材料[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1996:2.
[30]陈肇友.RH精炼炉用耐火材料及提高其寿命的途径[J].耐火材料,2009,43 (2):81-95.
[31] Hong GI-Gon, Chon Uong , Kim Hyo-Joon. Wear of magnesia-chrome brick for RH-OB vessel [C] / /UNITECR’97 Congress Proceedings ,New Orleans , US, 1997: 231-239.
[32]武文林,蒋明学,李勇.RH炉用优质镁铬砖的损毁机理研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2003.
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[34]徐志军,初瑞清.纳米材料与纳米技术[M].化学工业出版社,2010:1.
[35]潘劲松,黄学辉,顾少轩.纳米材料的类别划分及其依据[J].材料导报,2000,14(11):28-29.
[36]戴遐明,艾德生,李庆丰,等.纳米陶瓷材料及其应用[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2005:276.
[37]姜东梅,李红霞,王战民,曹喜营.纳米科技在耐火材料中的研究现状及发展趋势[J].耐火材料,2006,40 (4 ):297-299 ,305.
[38]庞维强,樊学忠.不同粒径团聚硼颗粒的堆积密度研究[J].含能材料,2010,18(3) :304-308.
[39]计道珺,赵惠忠,李轩科,等.纳米技术在耐火材料中的应用[J].耐火材料,2003,41(3):1-2.
[40]陆彩云,陈敏,于景坤.纳米ZrO2对MgO-CaO材料烧结及抗热震性的影响[J].耐火材料,2007,41 (4):255-258.
[41]赵惠忠,李红,魏建修,等.纳米Fe2O3对镁铬耐火材料烧结及力学性能的影响[J].耐火材料,2003,37(5):256-258.
[42]邓勇跃,汪厚植,赵惠忠.溶胶浸渍对镁铬砖性能的影响[J].耐火材料,2005,39 (6):401-404.
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