长距离HF射频识别关键技术研究与实现
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摘要
在信息化的时代里，企业越来越依靠各种管理信息系统来实现营运。无论是内部管理还是外部协同，只要是通过信息系统进行的，都会涉及到对人员、物品给予信息标识或信息数据采集(信息交互)。因此，自动识别技术的影响作用在今天显得更为举足轻重。条形码技术作为自动识别的始祖，在信息自动化需求日新月异的今天早已显得力不从心。射频识别(Radio Frequency Identification，RFID)技术作为一种新颖的信息技术异军突起，将自动识别的技术优势发挥得淋漓尽致。
在实际应用中，UHF(915MHz)射频识别技术对含水物质比较敏感，且不能在潮湿的环境中使用。这是因为UHF信号的频率高、波长短，易被含水量大的物质所吸收，导致能量削弱，性能急剧下跌。然而，长距离HF(13.56MHz)射频识别信号的频率低、波长较长，因此对含水物质不敏感，可有效地补充UHF的不足之处。国内的零售、医药和物流等行业对长距离HF射频识别技术应用存在需求，因此本课题研究将会带来较好的经济效益和社会效益。
本文首先从电磁场与能量传输的角度，分析射频识别系统天线的辐射模式及其性能参数。运用电磁感应的经典理论，解剖长距离HF射频识别系统实质，并导出系统关键参数的计算方法。详细探讨无源射频识别系统的两种基本通信机制。
其次，分析射频识别系统基带信号与频带信号的特性，以及信道噪声与干扰的特点，指明信号的潜在影响因素。然后讨论松耦合的微弱反射信号检测方法，提出有效的信号增强与滤波方法，进一步运用小波分析法提升检测灵敏度。
第三，以环形天线为主要研究对象，提出读写器天线性能的几种优化方案，并导出关键参数计算与测量方法。分析不同材料的标签天线性能，提出改进标签性能的方法。提出天线馈电的实用工程匹配法，并实测分析天线性能。
第四，研究长距离射频识别技术的电磁兼容安全问题。对比不同的HF频段射频识别技术规范，分析其优缺点，进而探讨射频识别多协议兼容通信技术。
第五，分析射频识别无线通信的防冲撞问题。运用随机过程理论，剖析通信冲撞问题。对比分析现有防冲撞算法的不足之处，提出改进的二进制搜索算法，并验证算法性能与效率。
最后，提出一种可行的长距离HF射频识别读写器设计方案。从硬件和软件设计方面具体阐述技术细节。
In the information stage, the corporations depend more and more on the information operating system. No matter the inside operation or the outside cooperation, once using the information system, it will involve identification of personnel or commodity data collection (information exchange). So the influences of auto identification become much greater nowadays. The bar code technology is the primogenitor of auto identification, but less and less adapting to the development of information automatization. The RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology is a novel information technology, and become more and more important in auto identification system.
In practical application, UHF (915MHz) RFID technology is sensitive to material containing water, and it doesn't apply to wet circumstance. Because the UHF signal is high frequency and short wavelength, it can easily be absorbed by the material containing much water. It causes the weakening of the energy and the decline of the performance. However, the long distance HF (13.56MHz) RFID signal is low frequency and long wavelength, so it's not sensitive to the material containing water. Then it can overcome the shortcoming of UHF effectively. The internal retail, medicine and logistic have high demand of the application of long distance HF RFID technology. Therefore, the research of such subject will bring preferable economy and social benefit.
Firstly, the radiate model and performance parameter of the frequency identification system antenna are analyzed from the electromagnetic filed and energy transmission. Using the classical theory of electromagnetic induction, the paper discusses the essence of the long distance HF radio frequency identification system and derives the calculation method of the key system parameters. Also the two basic communication methods of passive RFID system are discussed.
Secondly, the characteristic of baseband signal and frequency band signal in RFID system are analyzed. The features of channel noise and interference, and the signal potential influence factors are showed in this section. Then discuss the weak reflective signal detection method of loose coupling and bring forward the effective signal enhanced and noise filtered method. Furthermore, use the wavelet analysis method to improve the detection sensitivity.
Thirdly, investigate the loop antenna as the major object and bringing forward several optimizing schemes for reader antennas. Also the calculating and measuring
在实际应用中，UHF(915MHz)射频识别技术对含水物质比较敏感，且不能在潮湿的环境中使用。这是因为UHF信号的频率高、波长短，易被含水量大的物质所吸收，导致能量削弱，性能急剧下跌。然而，长距离HF(13.56MHz)射频识别信号的频率低、波长较长，因此对含水物质不敏感，可有效地补充UHF的不足之处。国内的零售、医药和物流等行业对长距离HF射频识别技术应用存在需求，因此本课题研究将会带来较好的经济效益和社会效益。
本文首先从电磁场与能量传输的角度，分析射频识别系统天线的辐射模式及其性能参数。运用电磁感应的经典理论，解剖长距离HF射频识别系统实质，并导出系统关键参数的计算方法。详细探讨无源射频识别系统的两种基本通信机制。
其次，分析射频识别系统基带信号与频带信号的特性，以及信道噪声与干扰的特点，指明信号的潜在影响因素。然后讨论松耦合的微弱反射信号检测方法，提出有效的信号增强与滤波方法，进一步运用小波分析法提升检测灵敏度。
第三，以环形天线为主要研究对象，提出读写器天线性能的几种优化方案，并导出关键参数计算与测量方法。分析不同材料的标签天线性能，提出改进标签性能的方法。提出天线馈电的实用工程匹配法，并实测分析天线性能。
第四，研究长距离射频识别技术的电磁兼容安全问题。对比不同的HF频段射频识别技术规范，分析其优缺点，进而探讨射频识别多协议兼容通信技术。
第五，分析射频识别无线通信的防冲撞问题。运用随机过程理论，剖析通信冲撞问题。对比分析现有防冲撞算法的不足之处，提出改进的二进制搜索算法，并验证算法性能与效率。
最后，提出一种可行的长距离HF射频识别读写器设计方案。从硬件和软件设计方面具体阐述技术细节。
In the information stage, the corporations depend more and more on the information operating system. No matter the inside operation or the outside cooperation, once using the information system, it will involve identification of personnel or commodity data collection (information exchange). So the influences of auto identification become much greater nowadays. The bar code technology is the primogenitor of auto identification, but less and less adapting to the development of information automatization. The RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology is a novel information technology, and become more and more important in auto identification system.
In practical application, UHF (915MHz) RFID technology is sensitive to material containing water, and it doesn't apply to wet circumstance. Because the UHF signal is high frequency and short wavelength, it can easily be absorbed by the material containing much water. It causes the weakening of the energy and the decline of the performance. However, the long distance HF (13.56MHz) RFID signal is low frequency and long wavelength, so it's not sensitive to the material containing water. Then it can overcome the shortcoming of UHF effectively. The internal retail, medicine and logistic have high demand of the application of long distance HF RFID technology. Therefore, the research of such subject will bring preferable economy and social benefit.
Firstly, the radiate model and performance parameter of the frequency identification system antenna are analyzed from the electromagnetic filed and energy transmission. Using the classical theory of electromagnetic induction, the paper discusses the essence of the long distance HF radio frequency identification system and derives the calculation method of the key system parameters. Also the two basic communication methods of passive RFID system are discussed.
Secondly, the characteristic of baseband signal and frequency band signal in RFID system are analyzed. The features of channel noise and interference, and the signal potential influence factors are showed in this section. Then discuss the weak reflective signal detection method of loose coupling and bring forward the effective signal enhanced and noise filtered method. Furthermore, use the wavelet analysis method to improve the detection sensitivity.
Thirdly, investigate the loop antenna as the major object and bringing forward several optimizing schemes for reader antennas. Also the calculating and measuring
引文
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