钢筋混凝土框架结构的性态水准研究
|
摘要
近十年的地震震害调查显示,除了人员伤亡,地震正在造成越来越大的经济损失,根据这一特征性态抗震设计概念被提出。尽管性态抗震设计的概念已经进入各国的抗震规范当中,但是根据现有设防标准设计的结构能否达到设计要求的性态水准,缺乏有效的定量的检验手段。因此这方面的研究具有非常重要的现实意义。
本文以王自法研究员提出的考虑全概率和后果的抗震设计方法为框架,结合自己的分析结果和国内外研究成果,提出计算结构的年平均损失率和人员伤亡率的公式,为决策者提供了重要的信息。本文所作的主要内容如下:首先,总结当代地震震害的新特征和国内外性态抗震设计的研究状况,分析优缺点;其次简单介绍考虑全概率和后果的抗震设计方法的大体框架和增量动力分析方法;然后通过IDARC_2D5.0软件和增量动力分析方法,计算六栋不同钢筋混凝土框架结构在七个不同等级地震动作用下破坏指数的分布情况,并回归得到破坏指数的概率分布公式;最后应用上述公式和国内外研究成果,计算一栋按照现有规范设计的具体结构在当地地震动作用下的年平均损失率和人员伤亡率,与期望水准进行比较并得出结论。
本文的研究成果对重要结构的抗震设计中,设防等级的确定具有一定的参考意义。
According to the investigation on damage due to earthquakes during the last 10 years, earthquakes are making more economical losses in recent years besides human casualty. To accommodate this trend, then the concept of Performance Based Seismic Design (PBSD) is proposed. Although the concept of PBSD has been incorporated into seismic codes in many countries, a quantitative measure is still needed to check if the designed structures can achieve the expected performance level. Therefore, the study on quantitative measure for PBSD bears very practical and realistic importance.
This paper is based on the framework of decision-based earthquake engineering which is proposed by Prof. Zifa Wang. Based on the results of my own analysis and those of previous studies all over the world, the formulas for calculating of the average annual loss ratio and human casualty ratio for a structure are proposed. The main contents of this paper are listed as follows:1)summarizing the new characteristics of modern earthquakes and current status of studies on PBSD and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of various related studies;2)brief introduction to the framework of decision-based earthquake engineering and the method of Incremental Dynamic Analysis(IDA);3)Based on the results by IDARC_2D 5.0 and IDA, calculating the distribution of damage index for 6 different RC frame structures subjected to the excitation of a series of earthquake records scaled to several levels, and then obtaining the probabilistic distribution function of damage index by regression analysis;4)calculating the average annual loss ratio and human casualty ratio of a structure designed under modern seismic code affected by future earthquakes, and compare them to the expected level.
The result of this study has potential application value in the selection of fortification criterion during the seismic design.
本文以王自法研究员提出的考虑全概率和后果的抗震设计方法为框架,结合自己的分析结果和国内外研究成果,提出计算结构的年平均损失率和人员伤亡率的公式,为决策者提供了重要的信息。本文所作的主要内容如下:首先,总结当代地震震害的新特征和国内外性态抗震设计的研究状况,分析优缺点;其次简单介绍考虑全概率和后果的抗震设计方法的大体框架和增量动力分析方法;然后通过IDARC_2D5.0软件和增量动力分析方法,计算六栋不同钢筋混凝土框架结构在七个不同等级地震动作用下破坏指数的分布情况,并回归得到破坏指数的概率分布公式;最后应用上述公式和国内外研究成果,计算一栋按照现有规范设计的具体结构在当地地震动作用下的年平均损失率和人员伤亡率,与期望水准进行比较并得出结论。
本文的研究成果对重要结构的抗震设计中,设防等级的确定具有一定的参考意义。
According to the investigation on damage due to earthquakes during the last 10 years, earthquakes are making more economical losses in recent years besides human casualty. To accommodate this trend, then the concept of Performance Based Seismic Design (PBSD) is proposed. Although the concept of PBSD has been incorporated into seismic codes in many countries, a quantitative measure is still needed to check if the designed structures can achieve the expected performance level. Therefore, the study on quantitative measure for PBSD bears very practical and realistic importance.
This paper is based on the framework of decision-based earthquake engineering which is proposed by Prof. Zifa Wang. Based on the results of my own analysis and those of previous studies all over the world, the formulas for calculating of the average annual loss ratio and human casualty ratio for a structure are proposed. The main contents of this paper are listed as follows:1)summarizing the new characteristics of modern earthquakes and current status of studies on PBSD and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of various related studies;2)brief introduction to the framework of decision-based earthquake engineering and the method of Incremental Dynamic Analysis(IDA);3)Based on the results by IDARC_2D 5.0 and IDA, calculating the distribution of damage index for 6 different RC frame structures subjected to the excitation of a series of earthquake records scaled to several levels, and then obtaining the probabilistic distribution function of damage index by regression analysis;4)calculating the average annual loss ratio and human casualty ratio of a structure designed under modern seismic code affected by future earthquakes, and compare them to the expected level.
The result of this study has potential application value in the selection of fortification criterion during the seismic design.
引文
[1]胡聿贤,地震工程学[M],地震出版社,1988。
[2]李刚,程耿东,基于性能的结构抗震设计-理论[M],方法与应用,科学出版社,2004。
[3]马玉宏,基于性态的抗震设防标准研究[D],中国地震局工程力学研究所工学博士学位论文,2000.8。
[4]王自法,郭恩栋,陈国兴,中国抗震规范的演变与现状[C],2002。
[5]王自法,考虑全概率和后果的抗震设计方法[C],7NCEE,2006.8。
[6]谢礼立等,论工程抗震设防标准[J],地震工程与工程振动,1996,16(1)。
[7]谢礼立,抗震性态设计和基于性态的抗震设防[C],国家自然科学基金重大项目专题年度研究报告(1998-1999),1999。
[8]杨仁孟,框架结构的地震易损性分析方法的研究[D],中国地震局工程力学研究所工学硕士学位论文,2007.1。
[9]章在墉,地震危险性分析及其应用[M],同济大学出版社,1996.1。
[10]中国地震局工程力学研究所,强震及工程震害资料数据库。
[11]中华人民共和国国家标准[S],GB50011-2001,建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001年10月。
[12]Applied Technology Council, Earthquake Damage Evaluation Data for California (ATC-13)[S], 1985,Menlo Park, California, USA。
[13]EDMUND BOOTH,The Estimation of Peak Ground-motion Parameters from Spectral Ordinates[J],Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 2007,11:13–32。
[14]Eduardo Miranda, Hesameddin Aslani, Probabilistic Response Assessment for Building-specific Loss Estimation[C], PEER Research Reports,2003.9。
[15]Gregory Deierlein, Overview of A Comprehensive Framework for Earthquake Performance Assessment[C], Proc. of the International Workshop on Performance-Based Earthquake Engineering, 2004,Bled, Slovenia。
[16] Iunio Iervolino, Gaetano Manfredi, Edoardo Cosenza, Ground motion duration effects on nonlinear seismic response[J], Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics,2005, 35(1):21– 38。
[17]K-NET strong-motion database, http://www.k-net.bosai.go.jp/k-net/search/index_en.html
[18]Jack W. BAKER, C. Allin CORNELL, CHOICE OF A VECTOR OF GROUND MOTION INTENSITY, MEASURES FOR SEISMIC DEMAND HAZARD ANALYSIS[C], 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Vancouver, B.C., Canada, August 1-6, 2004, Paper No. 3384。
[19]Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research (PEER) Strong Motion Database http://peer.berkeley.edu/smcat/index.html
[20]Vamvatsikos D., and Cornell, C. A., Incremental Dynamic Analysis[J], Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 2002a, 31 (3):491–514。
[2]李刚,程耿东,基于性能的结构抗震设计-理论[M],方法与应用,科学出版社,2004。
[3]马玉宏,基于性态的抗震设防标准研究[D],中国地震局工程力学研究所工学博士学位论文,2000.8。
[4]王自法,郭恩栋,陈国兴,中国抗震规范的演变与现状[C],2002。
[5]王自法,考虑全概率和后果的抗震设计方法[C],7NCEE,2006.8。
[6]谢礼立等,论工程抗震设防标准[J],地震工程与工程振动,1996,16(1)。
[7]谢礼立,抗震性态设计和基于性态的抗震设防[C],国家自然科学基金重大项目专题年度研究报告(1998-1999),1999。
[8]杨仁孟,框架结构的地震易损性分析方法的研究[D],中国地震局工程力学研究所工学硕士学位论文,2007.1。
[9]章在墉,地震危险性分析及其应用[M],同济大学出版社,1996.1。
[10]中国地震局工程力学研究所,强震及工程震害资料数据库。
[11]中华人民共和国国家标准[S],GB50011-2001,建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001年10月。
[12]Applied Technology Council, Earthquake Damage Evaluation Data for California (ATC-13)[S], 1985,Menlo Park, California, USA。
[13]EDMUND BOOTH,The Estimation of Peak Ground-motion Parameters from Spectral Ordinates[J],Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 2007,11:13–32。
[14]Eduardo Miranda, Hesameddin Aslani, Probabilistic Response Assessment for Building-specific Loss Estimation[C], PEER Research Reports,2003.9。
[15]Gregory Deierlein, Overview of A Comprehensive Framework for Earthquake Performance Assessment[C], Proc. of the International Workshop on Performance-Based Earthquake Engineering, 2004,Bled, Slovenia。
[16] Iunio Iervolino, Gaetano Manfredi, Edoardo Cosenza, Ground motion duration effects on nonlinear seismic response[J], Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics,2005, 35(1):21– 38。
[17]K-NET strong-motion database, http://www.k-net.bosai.go.jp/k-net/search/index_en.html
[18]Jack W. BAKER, C. Allin CORNELL, CHOICE OF A VECTOR OF GROUND MOTION INTENSITY, MEASURES FOR SEISMIC DEMAND HAZARD ANALYSIS[C], 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Vancouver, B.C., Canada, August 1-6, 2004, Paper No. 3384。
[19]Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research (PEER) Strong Motion Database http://peer.berkeley.edu/smcat/index.html
[20]Vamvatsikos D., and Cornell, C. A., Incremental Dynamic Analysis[J], Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 2002a, 31 (3):491–514。