Mg-Li合金冲击变形行为研究
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摘要
制备四种不同的镁合金:Mg-8%L(i双相合金)、Mg-3.5%L(i单相合金)及Mg-Li-RE合金(Mg-Li-Y、Mg-Li-Nd),分析了四种合金的动态应力-应变行为,并对Mg-8% Li合金的变形局部化行为进行了探讨。对Mg-8% Li合金利用不同弹长子弹(100mm、200mm、300mm)进行冲击压缩实验,对Mg-3.5% Li及Mg-Li-RE合金利用200mm弹长子弹进行动态冲击压缩实验,得到的主要研究结果如下:
(1)利用Hopkinson压杆使用不同弹长子弹对Mg-8%Li合金进行动态冲击压缩实验。获得了不同应变率下Mg-8%Li合金的动态应力-应变曲线;分析了Mg-8%Li合金动态应力-应变行为的应变率效应及其变形局部化现象产生的条件。结果表明,Mg-8% Li合金的动态应力-应变曲线随应变率提高先升高后降低,即Mg-8% Li合金的应力-应变行为由正应变率效应向负应变率效应转化,且应变率效应转折点正好对应于产生明显变形局部化现象的应变率。合金在应变率提高(2750/s→3700/s→4600/s)后,产生变形局部化需要的应变逐渐下降(0.32→0.28→0.185),表明Mg-8%Li合金要形成变形带,必须使材料在一定的应变率下获得相应的应变。但当应变率提高到一定程度时,产生的墩粗会抑制变形局部化的进一步发展。变形局部化及微裂纹损伤都对合金的应变率弱化效应起一定作用。
(2)利用Hopkinson压杆技术对Mg-3.5%Li合金及Mg-Li-RE合金进行了冲击压缩实验,分析了三种合金铸态时的动态应力-应变行为及其应变率效应。结果表明, Mg-3.5% Li合金表现出应变率强化效应与应变率弱化效应的双重特性。添加稀土元素Y及在Nd后,都使合金的强度得以提高而脆性增大。Mg-Li-Y合金及Mg-Li-Nd合金的动态应力-应变曲线都随着应变率的增大而降低,表现为应变率负效应。其中,微裂纹引起的损伤对合金的应变率弱化效应起一定的作用。
Four different magnesium alloys, Mg-8%Li alloy (two-phase alloy), Mg-3.5%Li (single-phase alloy) and Mg-Li-RE alloys (Mg-Li-Y, Mg-Li-Nd) were processed. The dynamic stress-strain behavior of four different magnesium alloys were investigated and the localized deformation behavior of Mg-8%Li alloy were discussed. The dynamic impact compression experiments were carried out on Mg-8% Li alloy by using different length projectiles(100mm, 200mm, 300mm)while the Mg-3.5%Li alloy and Mg-Li-RE alloys used 200mm length projectile.The main results are as follows.
(1)The dynamic impact compression experiments for the Mg-8%Li alloy were carried out using the Hopkinson pressure bar.The dynamic stress-strain curves were gained.The strain-rate effect and the condition of the localized deformation were analyzed.The results showed that Mg-8%Li alloy dynamic stress-strain curve increased (strain rate positive effect) at first and then decreased (strain rate negative effect) with the strain rate increasing,that is,the behavior of stress-strain of Mg-8%Li alloy transformed the positive effect of strain rate to the negative effect of strain rate.The turning point of the strain rate effect had closely relation with the phenomenon of the localized deformation. The strain of this alloy that the localized deformation needed decreased (0.32→0.28→0.185) with the increasing strain rate (2750/s→3700/s→4600/s). This indicated that the Mg-8%Li alloy must get the corresponding strain at certain strain rate to form deformation band.But when the strain-rate increased to some certain degree, distortion will restrain the localized deformation. Localized deformation and the damnification caused by the tiny crack both took some action to the negative strain-rate effect.
(2)The dynamic impact compression experiments for the Mg-Li alloy and Mg-Li-RE (RE:Y、Nd) alloys were carried out using the Hopkinson pressure bar.The dynamic stress-strain behavior and strain rate effect of the three alloys were analyzed. Mg-3.5%Li alloy showed the doubt characteristics as the positive and negative strain-rate effects. After the addition of rare-earth elements Y、Nd, the strengths of Mg-Li-RE (RE:Y、Nd) alloys were improved while the brittleness enhanced. The dynamic stress-strain curves of Mg-Li-Y alloy and Mg-Li-Nd alloy decreased with the strain rate increasing and showed the negative strain-rate effect. The damnification caused by the tiny crack took some action to the negative strain-rate effect.
(1)利用Hopkinson压杆使用不同弹长子弹对Mg-8%Li合金进行动态冲击压缩实验。获得了不同应变率下Mg-8%Li合金的动态应力-应变曲线;分析了Mg-8%Li合金动态应力-应变行为的应变率效应及其变形局部化现象产生的条件。结果表明,Mg-8% Li合金的动态应力-应变曲线随应变率提高先升高后降低,即Mg-8% Li合金的应力-应变行为由正应变率效应向负应变率效应转化,且应变率效应转折点正好对应于产生明显变形局部化现象的应变率。合金在应变率提高(2750/s→3700/s→4600/s)后,产生变形局部化需要的应变逐渐下降(0.32→0.28→0.185),表明Mg-8%Li合金要形成变形带,必须使材料在一定的应变率下获得相应的应变。但当应变率提高到一定程度时,产生的墩粗会抑制变形局部化的进一步发展。变形局部化及微裂纹损伤都对合金的应变率弱化效应起一定作用。
(2)利用Hopkinson压杆技术对Mg-3.5%Li合金及Mg-Li-RE合金进行了冲击压缩实验,分析了三种合金铸态时的动态应力-应变行为及其应变率效应。结果表明, Mg-3.5% Li合金表现出应变率强化效应与应变率弱化效应的双重特性。添加稀土元素Y及在Nd后,都使合金的强度得以提高而脆性增大。Mg-Li-Y合金及Mg-Li-Nd合金的动态应力-应变曲线都随着应变率的增大而降低,表现为应变率负效应。其中,微裂纹引起的损伤对合金的应变率弱化效应起一定的作用。
Four different magnesium alloys, Mg-8%Li alloy (two-phase alloy), Mg-3.5%Li (single-phase alloy) and Mg-Li-RE alloys (Mg-Li-Y, Mg-Li-Nd) were processed. The dynamic stress-strain behavior of four different magnesium alloys were investigated and the localized deformation behavior of Mg-8%Li alloy were discussed. The dynamic impact compression experiments were carried out on Mg-8% Li alloy by using different length projectiles(100mm, 200mm, 300mm)while the Mg-3.5%Li alloy and Mg-Li-RE alloys used 200mm length projectile.The main results are as follows.
(1)The dynamic impact compression experiments for the Mg-8%Li alloy were carried out using the Hopkinson pressure bar.The dynamic stress-strain curves were gained.The strain-rate effect and the condition of the localized deformation were analyzed.The results showed that Mg-8%Li alloy dynamic stress-strain curve increased (strain rate positive effect) at first and then decreased (strain rate negative effect) with the strain rate increasing,that is,the behavior of stress-strain of Mg-8%Li alloy transformed the positive effect of strain rate to the negative effect of strain rate.The turning point of the strain rate effect had closely relation with the phenomenon of the localized deformation. The strain of this alloy that the localized deformation needed decreased (0.32→0.28→0.185) with the increasing strain rate (2750/s→3700/s→4600/s). This indicated that the Mg-8%Li alloy must get the corresponding strain at certain strain rate to form deformation band.But when the strain-rate increased to some certain degree, distortion will restrain the localized deformation. Localized deformation and the damnification caused by the tiny crack both took some action to the negative strain-rate effect.
(2)The dynamic impact compression experiments for the Mg-Li alloy and Mg-Li-RE (RE:Y、Nd) alloys were carried out using the Hopkinson pressure bar.The dynamic stress-strain behavior and strain rate effect of the three alloys were analyzed. Mg-3.5%Li alloy showed the doubt characteristics as the positive and negative strain-rate effects. After the addition of rare-earth elements Y、Nd, the strengths of Mg-Li-RE (RE:Y、Nd) alloys were improved while the brittleness enhanced. The dynamic stress-strain curves of Mg-Li-Y alloy and Mg-Li-Nd alloy decreased with the strain rate increasing and showed the negative strain-rate effect. The damnification caused by the tiny crack took some action to the negative strain-rate effect.
引文
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[3]刘腾,张伟,吴世丁,等.双相合金Mg-8Li-1Ai的等通道转角挤压[J].金属学报,2003,39(8):790-798
[4]沙桂英,徐永波,韩恩厚,等.高速冲击载荷下Mg-Li合金的动态裂纹扩展行为[J].航空材料学报,2005,25(5):50-53
[5]陈军,赵永庆,杨海瑛. Ti-B19钛合金绝热剪切带研究[J].热加工工艺,2006,35(22):17-19
[6]钟万里.8090Al-Li合金在动态载荷下变形局部化的结构与演化[D].中科院金属研究所硕士学位论文,1998
[7]段占强,程国强,李守新,等.高速冲击下钢板的微观组织及绝热剪切带[J].金属学报,2003,39(5):486-491
[8]丁文江,袁广银,吴国华,等.镁合金科学与技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2007.1:367
[9]吕炎.镁合金上机闸等温精锻工艺的研究. [J]哈尔滨工业大学学报,2000,32(4):127-129
[10]江泺.确定汽车产业在我国的地位[J].上海汽车报,2003,06-15
[11]orimer G W, Apps P J,Karimzadeh H,et al.Improving the performance of Mg-rare earth alloys by the use of Gd or Dy additions[J].Materials Science Forum,2003:419-422,279-284
[12]Emely E F.Principles of Magnesium technology[J].Oxford:Pergamon Press,1996
[13]陈振华.镁合金[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004
[14]Hansen,Eschurmann,G Formneyer.The deformation and strengthening mechanisms of the multiphase Mg-Li-Al alloys[J].Metals,1986,40:126
[15]Abhijit Dutta,P Prabhakar,KumarA D.Superplastic Behavior of Mg-8Li-6.5Al alloy[J]. ManufacturingTechnology,2000:459-463
[16]Kazakov A K,Timonava M A,Borisova L G.Manufacturing Properties and Workability of Mg-Li-Alβ-based Alloys[J]. MetalSci and HeatTreat.(USSR),1983,25:9-10
[17]Siddhartha Das, Mg-Li alloys of RSP[J]. ManufacturingTechnology,1992:236-250
[18]Le Qichi,Cui Jianzhong,liu Hanwu.Quenching and aging behaviors of Mg-Li-Zn alloy[J].Tran Nonferrous Met allSoc China 1997,7(3):40
[19]乐启炽,李洪斌,崔建忠.稀土和银对Mg-Li合金显微组织及力学性能的影响[J].兵器材料科学与工程,1997,20(4):9
[20]Polmear L J. Magnesium alloys and application[J]. Materials Science and Technology.1994,10 (1):1-16
[21]刘子利,沈以赴,李子全等.铸造镁合金的晶粒细化技术[J].材料科学与工程学报,2004,22(2): 146-139
[22]Schemme K,Huppert G.Surface modifications of Mg-Li alloy by laser alloying and by laser particles impregnation[J].Metall,1993,39(4):445
[23]Matsuda A,Wan C C,Yang J M,et al.Rapid Solidification processing of a Mg-Li-Si-Ag alloy[J].Mater Sci,1996,5:1363
[24]Grensing F C,Fraser H L.Microstructure and perspective of rapidly solidified magnesium-lithium alloy[C].In:F H,Savage S J.Processing of structural metals by rapid solidification.Metals Park,OH:AMS Int.1987,6
[25]P J Meschter, J E O’eal . Effect of RSP on the Microstructure and the Properties of Mg-9Li[J], Mg-9Li-1Si and Mg- 9Li-1Ce Alloys.Met.Trans.A,1984,15A:237
[26]马春江,张荻,张国定.Mg-Li基复合材料[J].稀有金属材料与工程,1998,27(3):125
[27]Doncel G G, Wolfenstine J,Metenier P.The use of foil metallurgy Processing to achieve ultrafine grained Mg-9Li laminates.Adv Mg-9Li-B4C particulate composites[J].Mater Sci,1990,25:4535
[28]SiC Coatings Fail to Improve Mg-Li/Carbon Fiber Composites[J].Adv Compos Bull,1994,9:5
[29]Jensen J A,Laabs F C,Chumbley L S.Microstructure of heavily deformed magnesium-lithium composites containing steel fibers[J].Master Eng and Perform,1998,1:375
[30]Mason J F,Warwick C M,Smith P J,et al. Magnesium-lithium alloys in metal matrix composites-a preliminary report[J].Mater Sci,1989,24:3934
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