TiB_（2P）/Al复合材料的显微组织及室温拉伸性能的研究
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摘要
本文采用压力浸渗法制备了体积分数为27%、33%和40%的TiB_(2P)/6061Al复合材料和TiB_(2P) /2024Al复合材料,对复合材料进行热挤压加工。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、拉伸试验等多种分析测试手段对复合材料的微观组织、力学性能进行了系统的研究,探讨了增强体含量、热处理工艺对热挤压前后复合材料力学性能的影响。
研究表明:TiB_2颗粒在基体中的分布随着颗粒体积分数的增加而趋于均匀。挤压后复合材料组织致密,颗粒分布均匀。TEM观察表明,TiB_2颗粒与基体合金界面结合状况良好,有轻微的界面反应,TiB_2颗粒附近基体中存在由热错配产生的位错;热挤压可明显细化基体晶粒,挤压后的晶粒尺寸为1~3μm,TiB_(2P)/6061Al复合材料的时效析出相为β′相;TiB_(2P)/2024Al复合材料的时效析出相为S′相,且后者的时效后析出相细小弥散。
压力浸渗法制备的TiB_(2P)/6061Al和TiB_(2P)/2024Al复合材料的抗拉强度、屈服强度和弹性模量均随TiB_2颗粒体积分数的增加而获得提高,TiB_(2P)/2024Al复合材料的抗拉强度在380MPa至550MPa之间,体积分数40%的TiB_(2P)/2024Al的抗拉强度可达550MPa,经热挤压之后,复合材料的力学性能获得进一步的提高,TiB_(2P)/2024Al复合材料的抗拉强度在410MPa至580MPa之间,体积分数40%的TiB_(2P)/2024Al挤压热处理之后的抗拉强度可达580MPa以上。而复合材料的延伸率随着颗粒体积分数的增加逐步下降,挤压后复合材料的延伸率还是随着颗粒体积分数的增加而下降,但较挤压之前有很大提高,尤其是体积分数40%的TiB_(2P)/6061Al的延伸率较挤压前提高了100%。
三种体积分数TiB_(2P)/6061Al复合材料和TiB_(2P) /2024Al复合材料断口分析表明,复合材料的断裂方式为微观上基体铝合金的韧性断裂特征,且随着体积分数的增加,复合材料体积分数的提高,由宏观上的塑性断裂转变为脆性断裂的特征。
TiB_2 particles reinforced 6061 aluminum matrix composites and TiB_2 particles reinforced 2024 aluminum matrix composites which volume fraction are 27%,33% and 40%, which were fabricated by pressure infiltration technique, then were extruded on the hot extrusion process. The effects of reinforcement, heat treatment and hot extrusion on microstructure characteristics, tensile properties, were studied by using of SEM, TEM, tensile testing machine.
Results indicate that the particles tend to uniformity with the volume fraction increased of the particles. The composites are dense and reinforcement particles distribute uniformly after hot extrusion. The TiB_2-Al interface combined well, and there are slight reactants on the interface and some dislocations in the matrix alloy beside TiB_2 particles caused by mismatch stress; sub grains are found after hot extrusion, and grain size are refined to 1~3μm, the precipitation of TiB_2/6061Al areβ′;the precipitation of TiB_2/6061Al are S’,and the fine S’there are dispersive in the matrix alloy.
The tensile strengths、yield strengths and elasticity modulus of TiB_(2P)/6061Al and TiB_(2P)/2024Al are increased with the volume fraction increased of the particles .The tensile strengths of TiB_(2P)/2024Al which volume fraction is 40% is 550MPa, the mechanics properties of the composites which extruded are more strength than which unextruded , the tensile strengths of TiB_(2P)/2024Al which volume fraction is 40% after hot extrusion in T6 state are 583MPa. The elongation ratios of the composites are descend with the volume fraction increased of the particles , the elongation ratios of the composites which extruded are descend with the volume fraction increased of the particles, but the elongation ratios which extruded are increased compare with unextruded composites respectively, the elongation ratios of TiB_(2P)/6061Al which volume fraction is 40% is increased 100%.
Fractographic analysis of the three volume fraction of TiB_(2P)/6061Al and TiB_(2P)/2024Al composites indicates that the fracture of composites is toughness fracture of the matrix alloy in microstructure, but the fracture of composites is brittle fracture with the volume fraction increased.
研究表明:TiB_2颗粒在基体中的分布随着颗粒体积分数的增加而趋于均匀。挤压后复合材料组织致密,颗粒分布均匀。TEM观察表明,TiB_2颗粒与基体合金界面结合状况良好,有轻微的界面反应,TiB_2颗粒附近基体中存在由热错配产生的位错;热挤压可明显细化基体晶粒,挤压后的晶粒尺寸为1~3μm,TiB_(2P)/6061Al复合材料的时效析出相为β′相;TiB_(2P)/2024Al复合材料的时效析出相为S′相,且后者的时效后析出相细小弥散。
压力浸渗法制备的TiB_(2P)/6061Al和TiB_(2P)/2024Al复合材料的抗拉强度、屈服强度和弹性模量均随TiB_2颗粒体积分数的增加而获得提高,TiB_(2P)/2024Al复合材料的抗拉强度在380MPa至550MPa之间,体积分数40%的TiB_(2P)/2024Al的抗拉强度可达550MPa,经热挤压之后,复合材料的力学性能获得进一步的提高,TiB_(2P)/2024Al复合材料的抗拉强度在410MPa至580MPa之间,体积分数40%的TiB_(2P)/2024Al挤压热处理之后的抗拉强度可达580MPa以上。而复合材料的延伸率随着颗粒体积分数的增加逐步下降,挤压后复合材料的延伸率还是随着颗粒体积分数的增加而下降,但较挤压之前有很大提高,尤其是体积分数40%的TiB_(2P)/6061Al的延伸率较挤压前提高了100%。
三种体积分数TiB_(2P)/6061Al复合材料和TiB_(2P) /2024Al复合材料断口分析表明,复合材料的断裂方式为微观上基体铝合金的韧性断裂特征,且随着体积分数的增加,复合材料体积分数的提高,由宏观上的塑性断裂转变为脆性断裂的特征。
TiB_2 particles reinforced 6061 aluminum matrix composites and TiB_2 particles reinforced 2024 aluminum matrix composites which volume fraction are 27%,33% and 40%, which were fabricated by pressure infiltration technique, then were extruded on the hot extrusion process. The effects of reinforcement, heat treatment and hot extrusion on microstructure characteristics, tensile properties, were studied by using of SEM, TEM, tensile testing machine.
Results indicate that the particles tend to uniformity with the volume fraction increased of the particles. The composites are dense and reinforcement particles distribute uniformly after hot extrusion. The TiB_2-Al interface combined well, and there are slight reactants on the interface and some dislocations in the matrix alloy beside TiB_2 particles caused by mismatch stress; sub grains are found after hot extrusion, and grain size are refined to 1~3μm, the precipitation of TiB_2/6061Al areβ′;the precipitation of TiB_2/6061Al are S’,and the fine S’there are dispersive in the matrix alloy.
The tensile strengths、yield strengths and elasticity modulus of TiB_(2P)/6061Al and TiB_(2P)/2024Al are increased with the volume fraction increased of the particles .The tensile strengths of TiB_(2P)/2024Al which volume fraction is 40% is 550MPa, the mechanics properties of the composites which extruded are more strength than which unextruded , the tensile strengths of TiB_(2P)/2024Al which volume fraction is 40% after hot extrusion in T6 state are 583MPa. The elongation ratios of the composites are descend with the volume fraction increased of the particles , the elongation ratios of the composites which extruded are descend with the volume fraction increased of the particles, but the elongation ratios which extruded are increased compare with unextruded composites respectively, the elongation ratios of TiB_(2P)/6061Al which volume fraction is 40% is increased 100%.
Fractographic analysis of the three volume fraction of TiB_(2P)/6061Al and TiB_(2P)/2024Al composites indicates that the fracture of composites is toughness fracture of the matrix alloy in microstructure, but the fracture of composites is brittle fracture with the volume fraction increased.
引文
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2吴人洁.金属基复合材料的现状与展望[J].金属学报,1997, 33(1):78-82.
3 J.W.Kaczmar,K.Pietrzak,et al.The Production and Application of Metal Matrix Composites Materials. Journal of Materials Processing Technology.2000,106:56~68
4凌兴珠,徐振民.颗粒增强铝基复合材料的组织和性能.中国有色金属学报.1998,8(2):286~290
5向新,秦岩. TiB_2及其复合材料的研究进展.陶瓷学报.1999,2(20):112~117
6 B. Roebuck and A.E. Forno.J. Modern developments in Powder Metallargy. 1998.20:451
7 Kuruvilla A K,Prasad K S, Bhanuprasad V V et al. Scripta Metallurgicalet Meterlalia.1990.24:873.
8李久荣主编,陶瓷-金属复合材料,冶金工业出版社,2002:
9王军,严彪.金属基复合材料的发展和未来.上海有色金属.1999,20(4):188~192
10欧阳柳章,罗承平,隋贤栋,骆灼旋.外加颗粒增强铝基复合材料的现状和展望.中国铸造装备与技术。2000,(1):3~7
11 M.K. Surappa,P.Sivakumar. Fracture Toughness Evaluation of Al2O3/2024Al Composites Science and Tchnology.1993,(46):287~295
12 D.J.Lloyd. Particle Reinforced Aluminum and Magnesium Matrix Composites . Int. Mater. Rev. 1994,39(1):1~23
13 Eliosson,R. Somclstrom. Application of Aluminum Matrix Composites. Key Engineering Materials.1995,(104-107)Part1:3~36
14黄泽文.金属基复合材料的大规模生产和商品化发展.材料导报.增刊:18~25
15 N. Ham , G.Pollard , R. Stevens. Interfacial Structure and Fracture of Aluminum Alloy A356-SiC Partical Metal Matrix Composites. Mater SiC Tech.1992,8(2):184~187
16桂满昌,王殿武.颗粒增强金属基复合材料的制备及应用.材料导报.1996,3:65~71
17吴波,刘一薇.复合材料在惯性器件的应用研究.导弹与航天运载技术.2000,3:17~20
18马森林,杨峰,吴高辉,李义春.高尺寸稳定性铝基复合材料研究新进展.中国惯性技术学报.1998,6(3):64~68
19 Lioyd D J. Particle reinforced aluminium and magnesium matrix composites[J]. Inter. Mater. Rev, 1994,39(1): 1
20 Shiono T, Noda K. Fabrication of Ceramic Composites Consisting of Powders with Different Specific Gravity by the Slip-casting Technique[J]. J. Mater Sci, 1997, 32:2665.
21 Watanabe Yoshimi. Nakamura Tatsuru. Microstructure and wear resistance of hybrid Al-(Al3Ti+Al3Ni) FGMs fabricated by a centrifugal method[J]. Intermetallics, 2001, (9):33.
22朵军,颗粒增强铝基复合材料的研究现状.青海科技.2006.4:58~60
23 Lee Konbaeeal. Interfacial reaction in SiCp/Al composite fabricated by pressureless infiltration[J] . Scripta,Maerialia,1997 ,36 (8) :847.
24 Fan Tongxiang, Zhang Di ,Yang Guang ,etc. Chemical reaction of SiCp/ Al composites during multiple remelting[J] .Composites :Pate A :291 - 299.
25 Fan Tongxiang, Zhang Di ,Yang Guang. Temperature dependence of melt structure in SiCp/Al composites above the hquidus[J]. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2005, 93 :208 - 216.
26宋和国,吴申庆.自生铝基复合材料的制备、性能及生成机理[J]材料导报,1998 ,12(4):61- 641
27 J.R.Brockenbrough, S.Suresh, H.A.Wienecke. Deformation of MMCs with continuous fibers: geometrical effects of fiber distribution and shape[J]. Acta Metall.Mater,1991,39:735-752
28 YWKwon, J.M.Berber. Micromechanics model for damage and failure analysis of laminated fibrous composites. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 1995, 29(8):628-632
29 Lilholt H, Jaul Jensen D. Proceedings of the second international conference on testing, evaluation and quality control of composites. JJ.TEQC-87, Seven Oaks, UK:Butterworths,1987,P 156-160
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