三倍体毛白杨无性系苗期生长及生理指标分析
|
摘要
本研究对花粉和卵细胞染色体加倍所得11个毛白杨三倍体无性系进行根萌育苗,测定生长、叶片性状以及生理指标,比较其存在的差异。
试验结果表明,高唐盆栽无性系在生长进程上存在二次生长现象,生长较好的无性系具有较高的生长速率并能维持较长的时间。无性系在生长、叶片性状以及叶组织有机物含量多数指标上存在显著差异。无性系生长与叶片大小性状相关紧密。
北京盆栽无性系生长趋势与高唐相似,但部分无性系的生长量上存在很大差异。各无性系叶片组织抗高温能力比抗低温能力强,两种逆境下表现均较好的为无性系B302和401。无性系光合速率垂直变化趋势基本一致,但下部叶片的净光合速率存在差异。除无性系463外,光响应曲线变化趋势基本一致。无性系间不同时期的3个光合指标均在存在显著差异。单株光合与生长性状的相关关系最为紧密,结合叶面积因素来预测生长更为合理。
不同加倍方法所得毛白杨三倍体无性系在13个性状上存在显著差异,且由花粉染色体加倍所得三倍体无性系在多数性状上较由卵细胞染色体加倍所得三倍体无性系表现优秀。
通过对毛白杨三倍体无性系10个性状主成分分析,按照80 %累计贡献率得出2个主成分因子:光合因子、生长与叶片性状因子。按这两个主成分对各无性系进行分类,11个无性系被分为3类。新无性系908、1018被归为光合表现较优但生长及叶片性状表现不突出的一类。
11 triploid clones of Populus tomentosa Carr. doubled by chromosome in pollens and oocyte cells were seeding raised from roots, and then their growth, leaf characteristics as well as physiological indices were tested and compared for the differences in this investigation.
It is indicated that the second growth phenomenon was presence in Gaotang, while the clone with better growth could obtain higher growth rate and maintain a long time. In addition, significant differences were kept between growth, leaf characteristic, the contents of organic matter and other markers; meanwhile there were tight relationship between growth and the leaf size.
In Beijing, majority of clones growing trend were in agreement with Gaotang district, however, several varied considerably. The leaf ability to resist high temperature is more outstanding than that of low temperature, which the clone B302 and 401 performed well both on the two conditions. Variance tendency of photosynthetic rate were the same in verticality, but some differences of photosynthetic rate were found out in the lower part of leaves. Spectral response curve tended the same excluding the clone 463. The significant differences in 3 photosynthetic indices were presence during the different time. Whole tree photosynthesis had a tight relationship to growth property; in this case, it was reasonable to forecast the growth by binding leaf square to former factors.
13 characters of Populus tomentosa Carr. doubled by different manners were of great differences, and the triploid clones from doubling pollen chromosome performed superb in most markers.
With main component analysis in 10 characteristics of Populus tomentosa Carr. triploid clones, two main components factors, as follows photosynthetic factors, growth and leaf characteristics factors, were obtain by the 80% cumulative contribution. 11 clones were sorted in 3 classes by the two main component factors above. Lower growth, leaf characteristics and higher photosynthetic performance displayed in new clones, which were 908 and 1018.
试验结果表明,高唐盆栽无性系在生长进程上存在二次生长现象,生长较好的无性系具有较高的生长速率并能维持较长的时间。无性系在生长、叶片性状以及叶组织有机物含量多数指标上存在显著差异。无性系生长与叶片大小性状相关紧密。
北京盆栽无性系生长趋势与高唐相似,但部分无性系的生长量上存在很大差异。各无性系叶片组织抗高温能力比抗低温能力强,两种逆境下表现均较好的为无性系B302和401。无性系光合速率垂直变化趋势基本一致,但下部叶片的净光合速率存在差异。除无性系463外,光响应曲线变化趋势基本一致。无性系间不同时期的3个光合指标均在存在显著差异。单株光合与生长性状的相关关系最为紧密,结合叶面积因素来预测生长更为合理。
不同加倍方法所得毛白杨三倍体无性系在13个性状上存在显著差异,且由花粉染色体加倍所得三倍体无性系在多数性状上较由卵细胞染色体加倍所得三倍体无性系表现优秀。
通过对毛白杨三倍体无性系10个性状主成分分析,按照80 %累计贡献率得出2个主成分因子:光合因子、生长与叶片性状因子。按这两个主成分对各无性系进行分类,11个无性系被分为3类。新无性系908、1018被归为光合表现较优但生长及叶片性状表现不突出的一类。
11 triploid clones of Populus tomentosa Carr. doubled by chromosome in pollens and oocyte cells were seeding raised from roots, and then their growth, leaf characteristics as well as physiological indices were tested and compared for the differences in this investigation.
It is indicated that the second growth phenomenon was presence in Gaotang, while the clone with better growth could obtain higher growth rate and maintain a long time. In addition, significant differences were kept between growth, leaf characteristic, the contents of organic matter and other markers; meanwhile there were tight relationship between growth and the leaf size.
In Beijing, majority of clones growing trend were in agreement with Gaotang district, however, several varied considerably. The leaf ability to resist high temperature is more outstanding than that of low temperature, which the clone B302 and 401 performed well both on the two conditions. Variance tendency of photosynthetic rate were the same in verticality, but some differences of photosynthetic rate were found out in the lower part of leaves. Spectral response curve tended the same excluding the clone 463. The significant differences in 3 photosynthetic indices were presence during the different time. Whole tree photosynthesis had a tight relationship to growth property; in this case, it was reasonable to forecast the growth by binding leaf square to former factors.
13 characters of Populus tomentosa Carr. doubled by different manners were of great differences, and the triploid clones from doubling pollen chromosome performed superb in most markers.
With main component analysis in 10 characteristics of Populus tomentosa Carr. triploid clones, two main components factors, as follows photosynthetic factors, growth and leaf characteristics factors, were obtain by the 80% cumulative contribution. 11 clones were sorted in 3 classes by the two main component factors above. Lower growth, leaf characteristics and higher photosynthetic performance displayed in new clones, which were 908 and 1018.
引文
[1] 段 安 安 , 李 新 国 , 朱 之 悌 . 毛 白 杨 无 性 系 多 性 状 选 择 的 研 究 . 西 南 林 学 院 学报,1998,18(3):137~142
[2] 方升佐,曹福亮,朱义君.杨树短轮伐期栽培的现状和前景.见:杨树定向培育技术.北京:中国林业出版社,1997,10~15
[3] 冯玉龙,巨关升,朱春全.杨树无性系幼苗光合作用和 PV 水分参数对水分胁迫的响应.林业科学,2003,39(3):30~36
[4] 郭群,王宝松,潘明建等.黑杨派 5 个无性系滩地造林对比试验.江苏林业科技,2002,29(5):6~10
[5] 贺成林.毛白杨新无性系苗期性状对比研究:[学位论文].北京:北京林业大学图书馆,2004
[6] 胡晓丽.三倍体毛白杨纸浆材新品种产业化应用关键技术研究:[学位论文].北京:北京林业大学图书馆,2006
[7] 胡新生 , 王世绩 . 响应滞差作为度量杨树耐早性指标的可能性 . 东北林业大学学报,1997,25(4):1~9
[8] 江泽慧.中国现代林业[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1999.
[9] 康向阳.三倍体毛白杨新品种选育. 北京林业大学学报,2004,26(3):40+63
[10] 康向阳.毛白杨细胞遗传与三倍体选育[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002
[11] 康向阳,朱之悌,张志毅.银腺杨与毛新杨正反交三倍体选育.北京林业大学学报,2000,22(6):8~11
[12] 康向阳.毛白杨细胞遗传学与三倍体选育的研究:[学位论文].北京:北京林业大学图书馆,1996
[13] 李华西.三倍体毛白杨与普通毛白杨的生长比较试验.河北林业科技,2001,(1):4,14
[14] 李静怡,张志毅.三倍体毛白杨无性系光合特性的研究.北京林业大学学报,2000,22(6):12~15
[15] 李静怡.毛白杨新无性系苗期生长、光合、形态性状变异研究及相关分析:[学位论文].北京:北京林业大学图书馆,2000
[16] 李善文.杨树杂交亲本与子代遗传变异及其分子基础研究:[学问论文].北京:北京林业大学图书馆,2004
[17] 李善文.黑杨派无性系多性状遗传分析及多元选择研究:[学位论文].万方学位论文库,2000.
[18] 李新国,段安安,朱之悌.毛白杨无性系年龄效应及根萌条优化效果的初步研究.西南林学院学报,1998,18(2):61~66
[19] 李云.杨树三倍体选育研究进展.植物学通报,2001,18(4):451~458
[20] 李云.白杨雌配子及体细胞染色体加倍诱导三倍体和四倍体技术的研究:[学位论文].北京林业大学图书馆,1997
[21] 林小凡.针叶树种的无性繁殖与无性系林业.江西林业科技,1999(6):36~52
[22] 中国林业科学研究院遗传组.杨树选种学[M].北京:科学出版社,1960
[23] 刘勇,陈艳,张志毅等.不同施肥处理对三倍体毛白杨苗木生长及抗寒性的影响.北京林业大学 学报,2000,22(1):38~44
[24] 刘盛全.不同栽植密度对意杨人工林木材性质的影响.安徽农业大学学报,2000,27(4):374~379
[25] 马常耕.世界松类无性系林业发展策略和现状.世界林业研究,1994,7(2):12~18
[26] 马占学.河北杨优树根段萌条诱导初探.青海农林科技,1996,(3):18~19
[27] 马育华.植物育种的数量遗传学基础[M].南京:江苏科技出版,1982
[28] 秦光华,姜岳忠.4 个黑杨派新无性系苗期生长特性.东北林业大学学报,2004,32(5):7~9
[29] 山东省林业厅科教处编.林业科技论文集,1990
[30] 王晶英,敖红,张杰等.植物生理生化实验技术与原理[M].哈尔滨:东北林业大学出版社,2003,23~24
[31] 王京兆 , 王斌 , 卞学瑜等 . 筛选与杨树抗云斑天牛基因连锁的 RAPD 标记 . 林业科学,1996,32(4):382~384.
[32] 王明庥.美洲黑杨×小叶杨杂交育种研究.阔叶树遗传改良[M].北京:科学技术文献出版社,1991
[33] 王明庥.论无性系林业——概念和应用.见:涂忠虞,沈熙环主编.中国林业遗传育种进展[M].北京:科学技术文献出版社,1993,170~175
[34] 王琦,朱之梯.毛白杨优树无性系相关选择研究.林业科学研究,1995,8(1):107~111
[35] 王文全,王世绩,刘雅荣.欧美杨幼林密度作用特性初探.南京林业大学学报,1997,21(1):13~16
[36] 温佐吾,谢双喜,周运超.造林密度对马尾松林分生长、木材造纸特性及经济效益的影响.林业科学,2000,36(S1):36~43
[37] 续九如,黄智慧.林业试验设计[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1995
[38] 姚春丽,蒲俊文.三倍体毛白杨化学组分纤维形态及制浆性能的研究.北京林业大学学报,1998,20(5):18~21
[39] 余光英,龙秀琴,曾范安等.杨树无性繁殖技术研究.贵州林业科技,1998,26(3):1~8
[40] 闫苏华,闵庆崇,韩清华.9 个黑杨派新无性系生长量测定.江苏林业科技,2004,31(6):34~35
[41] 杨敏生,李艳华,梁海永等.白杨派杂种无性系及其亲本光合和生长对盐胁迫的反应.林业科学,2006,42(4):19~26
[42] 杨敏生,高荣孚,林惠斌.毛白杨不同无性系光合作用特性的比较研究.北京林业大学学报,1992,14(增 3):65~71
[43] 杨秀艳,姜磊,李树卿等.杨树新无性系生长及抗寒性的比较.河北林业科技,2003,(6):7~9
[44] 叶培君.杨树育种的研究.见:中国林学会主编.杨树学术会议论文集.北京:农业出版社,1965
[45] 郑均宝,裴宝华,耿桂荣.毛白杨插穗生根的研究.东北林业大学学报,1988,16(6):34~40
[46] 郑彩霞,张志毅.白杨染色体加倍技术研究及三倍体育种(Ⅳ)—加倍体白杨生理特性的初步研究.北京林业大学学报,1994,16(2):19~24
[47] 张建国,吴静和.现代林业论[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1996
[48] 张廷祯.关于杨树遗传育种中的若干问题.林业科学研究,1996,9(1):80~86
[49] 张万科.毛白杨新无性系多点测定与造林密度试验:[学位论文].北京:北京林业大学图书馆,2000
[50] 张子辉.毛白杨新无性系对比试验与造林密度效应研究:[学位论文].北京:北京林业大学图书馆,2003
[51] 张志毅.白杨染色体加倍技术研究及三倍体育种:[学位论文].北京:北京林业大学图书馆,1994
[52] 张志毅,沈应柏,林惠斌等.毛白杨及其杂种无性系苗期生长与光合性能的比较研究.北京林业大学学报.1992,14(增 2):35~39
[53] 张志良.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1990,88~91
[54] 周永学,樊军峰,蔺林田等.杨树杂中无性系苗木生长形状比较研究.西北林学院学报,2004,19(4):47~49
[55] 周永学,苏晓华,樊军峰等.引种欧洲黑杨无性系苗期生长测定与选择.西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2004,32(10):102~106
[56] 中国杨树委员会.中国林业科学研究院林业研究所中国杨树品种登记性状鉴定表[M].杨树,1987,4(1):29~67
[57] 朱之悌.毛白杨遗传改良[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2006.
[58] 朱之悌.树木的无性繁殖和无性系育种.林业科学,1986,22,(3):280~290
[59] 朱之悌,张志毅,赵永刚.毛白杨优树快速繁殖方法的研究.北京林业大学学报,1986,8(4):1~17
[60] 朱之悌,康向阳,张志毅.毛白杨天然三倍体选种研究.林业科学,1998,34(4) :22~30
[61] 朱之悌 , 林惠斌 , 康向阳 . 毛白杨异源三倍体 B301 等无性系选育的研究 . 林业科学,1995,31(6):499~505,579
[62] Bailian L. Nitrogen and family effects on biomass allocation of loblolly Pine seedlings. Forest science. 1995,37(1):271~283
[63] Bernacchi C J, et al. Photosynthesis and stomatal conductance responses of poplars to free-air CO2 enrichment (PopFACE) during the first growth cycle and immediately following coppice. New Phytologist. 2003,159(3):609
[64] Cannell M G R, Last F T. Tree physiology and yield improvement.Academic Press, New York.1976
[65] Ceulemans R. Genetic Variation in functional and structural productivity determinants in Poplar. Thesis Publishers. Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 1990
[66] Ceulemans R, Impens I. Net CO2 exchange rate and shoot growth of young poplar(Populus) clones. J Exp Bot. 1983,34:866~870
[67] Ceulemans R, Impens U, Steenackers V. Variations in photosynthetic,anatomical,and enzymatic leaf traits and correlations with growth in recently selected Populus hybrids. Can J Bot. 1987,17:273~283
[68] Durzan D J and Campbell R A. Prospects for the mass production of improved stock of forest trees by cell and tissue culture. Can. J. For. Res. 1974,4:151~174
[69] Hyun S K, et al. A study of nomenclature and registration for poplar species of the section. Leuceand their hybrids. 17th IPC Ottawa, Canada. 1984:1~5.
[70] Isebrands J G, Ceulemans R , Wiard B. Genetics variation in photosynthetic traits among Populus clones in relation to yield. Plant Physiol Biochem. 1988,26(4):427~437
[71] Johnsson K. Effect of intal spacing on the storm and branch properties and graded quality of Picea abies. Scand.J.For.Res. 1991,7:503~514
[72] Kabba B S, Knight J D, Van Rees K C J, Growth of hybrid poplar as affected by dandelion and quackgrass competition. Plant and Soil. 2007,298(1-2):203
[73] Lambers H, Pobrter H. Inherent variation in growth rate between higher plants: A research for physiological causes and ecological consequences. Advecolres. 1992,23:188~216
[74] Libby W J. The clonal option. Norwegian Forest Research Institute. 1983
[75] Liberloo M, Dillen SY, Calfapietra C, et al. Elevated CO2 concentration, fertilization and their interaction: growth stimulation in a short-rotation poplar coppice (EUROFACE). Tree Physiology. 2005,25(2):179~189.
[76] Magel E, et al. Photosynthesis and substrate supply for isoprene biosynthesis in poplar leaves. Atmospheric Environment. 2006, 40, S138
[77] Nelson N D, Ehlers P. Comparative carbon dioxide exchange for two Populus clones grown in growth room , greenhouse and field environments. Can J For Res. 1984,14:924~932
[78] Nilson-Ehle H. Note regarding the gigas form of Populus tremula found in nature. Hereditas. 1936,(21):372~382
[79] Viart M. Importance of populus deltoides to Poplar Silvi Culture in France. Proceeding Sympesium on Eastern Cottonwood and Related Species. 1976,38~44
[80] Wiklund S, Karlsson M, Antti H, et al. A new metabonomic strategy for analysing the growth process of the poplar tree. Plant Biotechnology Journal. 2005,3(3):353-362
[81] Woo S Y, Hinckley T M. The effects of ozone on growth and stomatal response in the F-2 generation of hybrid poplar (Populus trichocarpa x Populus deltoides). Biologia Plantarum. 2005,49(3):395~404
[82] Wu R, Bradshaw, J R, Stettler R F. Molecular genetics of growth and development in Populus(Salicaceae).V. mapping quantitative trait loci affecting leaf variation. American Journal of Botany. 1997,84:143~153
[83] Zalesny R S, Bauer E O, Hall R B, et al. Clonal variation in survival and growth of hybrid poplar and willow in an in situ trial on soils heavily contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons. International Journal of Phytoremediation 2005,7(3):177~197
[2] 方升佐,曹福亮,朱义君.杨树短轮伐期栽培的现状和前景.见:杨树定向培育技术.北京:中国林业出版社,1997,10~15
[3] 冯玉龙,巨关升,朱春全.杨树无性系幼苗光合作用和 PV 水分参数对水分胁迫的响应.林业科学,2003,39(3):30~36
[4] 郭群,王宝松,潘明建等.黑杨派 5 个无性系滩地造林对比试验.江苏林业科技,2002,29(5):6~10
[5] 贺成林.毛白杨新无性系苗期性状对比研究:[学位论文].北京:北京林业大学图书馆,2004
[6] 胡晓丽.三倍体毛白杨纸浆材新品种产业化应用关键技术研究:[学位论文].北京:北京林业大学图书馆,2006
[7] 胡新生 , 王世绩 . 响应滞差作为度量杨树耐早性指标的可能性 . 东北林业大学学报,1997,25(4):1~9
[8] 江泽慧.中国现代林业[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1999.
[9] 康向阳.三倍体毛白杨新品种选育. 北京林业大学学报,2004,26(3):40+63
[10] 康向阳.毛白杨细胞遗传与三倍体选育[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002
[11] 康向阳,朱之悌,张志毅.银腺杨与毛新杨正反交三倍体选育.北京林业大学学报,2000,22(6):8~11
[12] 康向阳.毛白杨细胞遗传学与三倍体选育的研究:[学位论文].北京:北京林业大学图书馆,1996
[13] 李华西.三倍体毛白杨与普通毛白杨的生长比较试验.河北林业科技,2001,(1):4,14
[14] 李静怡,张志毅.三倍体毛白杨无性系光合特性的研究.北京林业大学学报,2000,22(6):12~15
[15] 李静怡.毛白杨新无性系苗期生长、光合、形态性状变异研究及相关分析:[学位论文].北京:北京林业大学图书馆,2000
[16] 李善文.杨树杂交亲本与子代遗传变异及其分子基础研究:[学问论文].北京:北京林业大学图书馆,2004
[17] 李善文.黑杨派无性系多性状遗传分析及多元选择研究:[学位论文].万方学位论文库,2000.
[18] 李新国,段安安,朱之悌.毛白杨无性系年龄效应及根萌条优化效果的初步研究.西南林学院学报,1998,18(2):61~66
[19] 李云.杨树三倍体选育研究进展.植物学通报,2001,18(4):451~458
[20] 李云.白杨雌配子及体细胞染色体加倍诱导三倍体和四倍体技术的研究:[学位论文].北京林业大学图书馆,1997
[21] 林小凡.针叶树种的无性繁殖与无性系林业.江西林业科技,1999(6):36~52
[22] 中国林业科学研究院遗传组.杨树选种学[M].北京:科学出版社,1960
[23] 刘勇,陈艳,张志毅等.不同施肥处理对三倍体毛白杨苗木生长及抗寒性的影响.北京林业大学 学报,2000,22(1):38~44
[24] 刘盛全.不同栽植密度对意杨人工林木材性质的影响.安徽农业大学学报,2000,27(4):374~379
[25] 马常耕.世界松类无性系林业发展策略和现状.世界林业研究,1994,7(2):12~18
[26] 马占学.河北杨优树根段萌条诱导初探.青海农林科技,1996,(3):18~19
[27] 马育华.植物育种的数量遗传学基础[M].南京:江苏科技出版,1982
[28] 秦光华,姜岳忠.4 个黑杨派新无性系苗期生长特性.东北林业大学学报,2004,32(5):7~9
[29] 山东省林业厅科教处编.林业科技论文集,1990
[30] 王晶英,敖红,张杰等.植物生理生化实验技术与原理[M].哈尔滨:东北林业大学出版社,2003,23~24
[31] 王京兆 , 王斌 , 卞学瑜等 . 筛选与杨树抗云斑天牛基因连锁的 RAPD 标记 . 林业科学,1996,32(4):382~384.
[32] 王明庥.美洲黑杨×小叶杨杂交育种研究.阔叶树遗传改良[M].北京:科学技术文献出版社,1991
[33] 王明庥.论无性系林业——概念和应用.见:涂忠虞,沈熙环主编.中国林业遗传育种进展[M].北京:科学技术文献出版社,1993,170~175
[34] 王琦,朱之梯.毛白杨优树无性系相关选择研究.林业科学研究,1995,8(1):107~111
[35] 王文全,王世绩,刘雅荣.欧美杨幼林密度作用特性初探.南京林业大学学报,1997,21(1):13~16
[36] 温佐吾,谢双喜,周运超.造林密度对马尾松林分生长、木材造纸特性及经济效益的影响.林业科学,2000,36(S1):36~43
[37] 续九如,黄智慧.林业试验设计[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1995
[38] 姚春丽,蒲俊文.三倍体毛白杨化学组分纤维形态及制浆性能的研究.北京林业大学学报,1998,20(5):18~21
[39] 余光英,龙秀琴,曾范安等.杨树无性繁殖技术研究.贵州林业科技,1998,26(3):1~8
[40] 闫苏华,闵庆崇,韩清华.9 个黑杨派新无性系生长量测定.江苏林业科技,2004,31(6):34~35
[41] 杨敏生,李艳华,梁海永等.白杨派杂种无性系及其亲本光合和生长对盐胁迫的反应.林业科学,2006,42(4):19~26
[42] 杨敏生,高荣孚,林惠斌.毛白杨不同无性系光合作用特性的比较研究.北京林业大学学报,1992,14(增 3):65~71
[43] 杨秀艳,姜磊,李树卿等.杨树新无性系生长及抗寒性的比较.河北林业科技,2003,(6):7~9
[44] 叶培君.杨树育种的研究.见:中国林学会主编.杨树学术会议论文集.北京:农业出版社,1965
[45] 郑均宝,裴宝华,耿桂荣.毛白杨插穗生根的研究.东北林业大学学报,1988,16(6):34~40
[46] 郑彩霞,张志毅.白杨染色体加倍技术研究及三倍体育种(Ⅳ)—加倍体白杨生理特性的初步研究.北京林业大学学报,1994,16(2):19~24
[47] 张建国,吴静和.现代林业论[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1996
[48] 张廷祯.关于杨树遗传育种中的若干问题.林业科学研究,1996,9(1):80~86
[49] 张万科.毛白杨新无性系多点测定与造林密度试验:[学位论文].北京:北京林业大学图书馆,2000
[50] 张子辉.毛白杨新无性系对比试验与造林密度效应研究:[学位论文].北京:北京林业大学图书馆,2003
[51] 张志毅.白杨染色体加倍技术研究及三倍体育种:[学位论文].北京:北京林业大学图书馆,1994
[52] 张志毅,沈应柏,林惠斌等.毛白杨及其杂种无性系苗期生长与光合性能的比较研究.北京林业大学学报.1992,14(增 2):35~39
[53] 张志良.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1990,88~91
[54] 周永学,樊军峰,蔺林田等.杨树杂中无性系苗木生长形状比较研究.西北林学院学报,2004,19(4):47~49
[55] 周永学,苏晓华,樊军峰等.引种欧洲黑杨无性系苗期生长测定与选择.西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2004,32(10):102~106
[56] 中国杨树委员会.中国林业科学研究院林业研究所中国杨树品种登记性状鉴定表[M].杨树,1987,4(1):29~67
[57] 朱之悌.毛白杨遗传改良[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2006.
[58] 朱之悌.树木的无性繁殖和无性系育种.林业科学,1986,22,(3):280~290
[59] 朱之悌,张志毅,赵永刚.毛白杨优树快速繁殖方法的研究.北京林业大学学报,1986,8(4):1~17
[60] 朱之悌,康向阳,张志毅.毛白杨天然三倍体选种研究.林业科学,1998,34(4) :22~30
[61] 朱之悌 , 林惠斌 , 康向阳 . 毛白杨异源三倍体 B301 等无性系选育的研究 . 林业科学,1995,31(6):499~505,579
[62] Bailian L. Nitrogen and family effects on biomass allocation of loblolly Pine seedlings. Forest science. 1995,37(1):271~283
[63] Bernacchi C J, et al. Photosynthesis and stomatal conductance responses of poplars to free-air CO2 enrichment (PopFACE) during the first growth cycle and immediately following coppice. New Phytologist. 2003,159(3):609
[64] Cannell M G R, Last F T. Tree physiology and yield improvement.Academic Press, New York.1976
[65] Ceulemans R. Genetic Variation in functional and structural productivity determinants in Poplar. Thesis Publishers. Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 1990
[66] Ceulemans R, Impens I. Net CO2 exchange rate and shoot growth of young poplar(Populus) clones. J Exp Bot. 1983,34:866~870
[67] Ceulemans R, Impens U, Steenackers V. Variations in photosynthetic,anatomical,and enzymatic leaf traits and correlations with growth in recently selected Populus hybrids. Can J Bot. 1987,17:273~283
[68] Durzan D J and Campbell R A. Prospects for the mass production of improved stock of forest trees by cell and tissue culture. Can. J. For. Res. 1974,4:151~174
[69] Hyun S K, et al. A study of nomenclature and registration for poplar species of the section. Leuceand their hybrids. 17th IPC Ottawa, Canada. 1984:1~5.
[70] Isebrands J G, Ceulemans R , Wiard B. Genetics variation in photosynthetic traits among Populus clones in relation to yield. Plant Physiol Biochem. 1988,26(4):427~437
[71] Johnsson K. Effect of intal spacing on the storm and branch properties and graded quality of Picea abies. Scand.J.For.Res. 1991,7:503~514
[72] Kabba B S, Knight J D, Van Rees K C J, Growth of hybrid poplar as affected by dandelion and quackgrass competition. Plant and Soil. 2007,298(1-2):203
[73] Lambers H, Pobrter H. Inherent variation in growth rate between higher plants: A research for physiological causes and ecological consequences. Advecolres. 1992,23:188~216
[74] Libby W J. The clonal option. Norwegian Forest Research Institute. 1983
[75] Liberloo M, Dillen SY, Calfapietra C, et al. Elevated CO2 concentration, fertilization and their interaction: growth stimulation in a short-rotation poplar coppice (EUROFACE). Tree Physiology. 2005,25(2):179~189.
[76] Magel E, et al. Photosynthesis and substrate supply for isoprene biosynthesis in poplar leaves. Atmospheric Environment. 2006, 40, S138
[77] Nelson N D, Ehlers P. Comparative carbon dioxide exchange for two Populus clones grown in growth room , greenhouse and field environments. Can J For Res. 1984,14:924~932
[78] Nilson-Ehle H. Note regarding the gigas form of Populus tremula found in nature. Hereditas. 1936,(21):372~382
[79] Viart M. Importance of populus deltoides to Poplar Silvi Culture in France. Proceeding Sympesium on Eastern Cottonwood and Related Species. 1976,38~44
[80] Wiklund S, Karlsson M, Antti H, et al. A new metabonomic strategy for analysing the growth process of the poplar tree. Plant Biotechnology Journal. 2005,3(3):353-362
[81] Woo S Y, Hinckley T M. The effects of ozone on growth and stomatal response in the F-2 generation of hybrid poplar (Populus trichocarpa x Populus deltoides). Biologia Plantarum. 2005,49(3):395~404
[82] Wu R, Bradshaw, J R, Stettler R F. Molecular genetics of growth and development in Populus(Salicaceae).V. mapping quantitative trait loci affecting leaf variation. American Journal of Botany. 1997,84:143~153
[83] Zalesny R S, Bauer E O, Hall R B, et al. Clonal variation in survival and growth of hybrid poplar and willow in an in situ trial on soils heavily contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons. International Journal of Phytoremediation 2005,7(3):177~197