基于链路稳定性的移动自组网QoS路由协议的研究与仿真
|
摘要
随着移动自组网的发展以及多媒体业务需求的增加,提供QoS(Quality of Service,服务质量)保证已经逐渐成为移动自组网研究的一个重要课题。目前,移动自组网QoS保证还存在着不少亟待解决的问题,而QoS路由又是QoS保证的关键因素。本文即是在国内外现有的相关研究成果的基础上,对如何在移动自组网中提供具有QoS保证的路由协议进行深入探讨。
本文阐述了移动自组网QoS保证及QoS路由协议研究现状,并讨论了链路稳定性在实施QoS保证中的作用及链路稳定性与QoS路由协议的关系,明确了链路稳定性是QoS路由协议设计的前提条件。通过分析影响移动自组网链路稳定性的相关因素,提出了一种更全面、准确的链路稳定性预测机制。
在此基础上,提出了基于链路稳定性预测的PLS-AOMDV路由协议,该协议充分利用AOMDV多径的优点,根据链路稳定性周期性预测的结果,选择最稳定的链路传输数据,提高了数据传输的可靠性。
进一步,本文提出了基于链路稳定性的QoS路由协议QZRP,该协议以链路稳定性预测为基础,采用更适合移动自组网环境的指标测量方法,选择考虑时延、时延抖动及带宽约束的QoS路由；同时,综合利用先应式路由协议与反应式路由协议两者的优点,采取分而治之的思想,将网络划分为相互重叠的区域,在区域内和区域间采取不同的QoS路由策略,有效降低了路由开销。
仿真实验表明,PLS-AOMDV及QZRP都取得了预期的设计目标,特别是QZRP,在网络拓扑频繁变化的场景中体现了良好的性能,显示出QZRP更适应移动自组网业务对QoS保证的需求。
最后,对全文工作进行了总结,并指出了下一步有待研究的问题。
With the development of MANET and increasing demand for the provision of multimedia applications, QoS (Quality of Service) guarantee has been intensively studied recently as an important issue. However, implementing QoS guarantees in MANET faces many chanllenges. As one of the key factors in these chanllenges, QoS routing protocol has become a hotspot in current research on MANET. This thesis aims at research on how to provide routing protocols with QoS guarantee in MANET, after analyzing the relevant research work in depth.
This thesis introduces current research on MANET QoS guarantee and QoS routing protocols, discusses the role of link stability in implementing QoS guarantee and the relationship between link stability and QoS routing protocol, and makes clear that link stability is a prerequisite to QoS routing protocol. By analyzing the main factors to link stability, we give a more comprehensive and accurate link stability prediction mechanism.
Moreover, this thesis proposes an advanced routing protocol PLS-AOMDV based on AOMDV multi-path routing protocol, which introdues link stability prediction mechanism by taking both node mobility and energy consumption into consideration so as to choose the highest stability link to transmit data.
Furthermore, we put forward a QoS routing protocol QZRP by guaranteeing QoS based on link stability prediction mechanism. With the result of link stability prediction and a more suitable measurement method, routing algorithm is able to choose the more stable link to satisfy delay, jitter and bandwidth constraints. Meanwhile, QZRP makes full use of the advantages of ZRP by taking distinguishing QoS routing mechanism between intra-zone and inter-zone, which reduces routing overhead and improved network performance in several metrics.
Simulation results show that PLS-AOMDV and QZRP routing protocol have achieved the design goal. Especially QZRP, it has a good performance when network topology frequently changes.
Finally the conclusions of this thesis and suggestions for future research of the field are given.
本文阐述了移动自组网QoS保证及QoS路由协议研究现状,并讨论了链路稳定性在实施QoS保证中的作用及链路稳定性与QoS路由协议的关系,明确了链路稳定性是QoS路由协议设计的前提条件。通过分析影响移动自组网链路稳定性的相关因素,提出了一种更全面、准确的链路稳定性预测机制。
在此基础上,提出了基于链路稳定性预测的PLS-AOMDV路由协议,该协议充分利用AOMDV多径的优点,根据链路稳定性周期性预测的结果,选择最稳定的链路传输数据,提高了数据传输的可靠性。
进一步,本文提出了基于链路稳定性的QoS路由协议QZRP,该协议以链路稳定性预测为基础,采用更适合移动自组网环境的指标测量方法,选择考虑时延、时延抖动及带宽约束的QoS路由；同时,综合利用先应式路由协议与反应式路由协议两者的优点,采取分而治之的思想,将网络划分为相互重叠的区域,在区域内和区域间采取不同的QoS路由策略,有效降低了路由开销。
仿真实验表明,PLS-AOMDV及QZRP都取得了预期的设计目标,特别是QZRP,在网络拓扑频繁变化的场景中体现了良好的性能,显示出QZRP更适应移动自组网业务对QoS保证的需求。
最后,对全文工作进行了总结,并指出了下一步有待研究的问题。
With the development of MANET and increasing demand for the provision of multimedia applications, QoS (Quality of Service) guarantee has been intensively studied recently as an important issue. However, implementing QoS guarantees in MANET faces many chanllenges. As one of the key factors in these chanllenges, QoS routing protocol has become a hotspot in current research on MANET. This thesis aims at research on how to provide routing protocols with QoS guarantee in MANET, after analyzing the relevant research work in depth.
This thesis introduces current research on MANET QoS guarantee and QoS routing protocols, discusses the role of link stability in implementing QoS guarantee and the relationship between link stability and QoS routing protocol, and makes clear that link stability is a prerequisite to QoS routing protocol. By analyzing the main factors to link stability, we give a more comprehensive and accurate link stability prediction mechanism.
Moreover, this thesis proposes an advanced routing protocol PLS-AOMDV based on AOMDV multi-path routing protocol, which introdues link stability prediction mechanism by taking both node mobility and energy consumption into consideration so as to choose the highest stability link to transmit data.
Furthermore, we put forward a QoS routing protocol QZRP by guaranteeing QoS based on link stability prediction mechanism. With the result of link stability prediction and a more suitable measurement method, routing algorithm is able to choose the more stable link to satisfy delay, jitter and bandwidth constraints. Meanwhile, QZRP makes full use of the advantages of ZRP by taking distinguishing QoS routing mechanism between intra-zone and inter-zone, which reduces routing overhead and improved network performance in several metrics.
Simulation results show that PLS-AOMDV and QZRP routing protocol have achieved the design goal. Especially QZRP, it has a good performance when network topology frequently changes.
Finally the conclusions of this thesis and suggestions for future research of the field are given.
引文
[1]于宏毅.无线移动自组织网[M].北京：人民邮电出版社.2005-4.
[2]IETF MANET Chart. http://www.ietf.org/htmlchar-ters/manet-charter.html.
[3]方旭明.移动自组网研究与发展现状[J].数据通信,2003,(4)：15-23.
[4]甄岩,李祥珍.移动自组织网络发展与应用展望[J].数字通信,2010,37(5)：31-33.
[5]倪明芳,安建平,刘珩等.对移动自组网体系结构的再思考[J].计算机工程与设计,2007,28(22)：5402-5404.
[6]李腊元,李春林.计算机网络技术(第2版).北京：国防工业出版社,2004.7.
[7]谢希仁.计算机网络(第四版).北京：电子工业出版社,2003.6
[8]周伯生,吴介一,张飒兵.MANET路由协议研究进展[J].计算机研究与发展,2002,39(10)：1168-1177.
[9]聂晶,贺昕,周正 赵成林.移动Ad hoc网络路由协议分析[J].电子科学技术评论,2005,6：12-16.
[10]Charles E. Perking, Pravin Bhagwat. Highly Dynamic Destination-Sequenced-Vector routing(DSDV) for mobile comuters[A]. In Proceeding of the SIGCOMM'94 Conference on Communication Architectures, Protocols and Applications, August 1994,234-244.
[11]OLSR. http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3626.
[12]D B Johnson, D A M altz. Dynamic source routing in ad hoc wireless networks. In:Mobile Computing Norwell, MA:Kluwer A cadem ic Publishers,1996,153～181.
[13]C E Perkins, E M Royer. Ad hoc on demand distance vector routing. The IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications (WMCSA), NewOrleans, LA,1999.
[14]V D Park, M S Corson. A highly adaptive distributed routing algorithm for mobile wireless networks. The IEEE Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM), Kobe,1997.
[15]ZRP. http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-manet-zone-zrp.
[16]R. Sivakumar, P. Sinha, and V. Bharghavan, "CEDAR:A Core-Extraction Distributed Ad Hoc Routing Algorithm", IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol.17, no.8, pp.1454-1465, August 1999.
[17]M Jiang, J L i, Y C Yay. Cluster based routing protocol (CBRP) functional specification. 1999. http://www.ietf.org//internet-drafts//draft-ietf-manet-cbrp-spec-01.txt.
[18]Marina, M.K. and Das, S.R. On-demand Multipath Distance Vector Routing in Ad hoc Networks[A], Proceeding of 9th IEEE International Conferenceon Network Protocols(ICNP)[C].2001:14-23.
[19]NS2. http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/.
[20]张鹏,崔勇,孙磊.移动自组织网络服务质量控制机制综述[J].计算机应用,2009,9(3)：625-632,642.
[21]陈年生,李腊元,孙强.基于MANET的QoS路由研究[J].计算机工程与应用,2004,40(30)：120-123.
[22]张晖,董育宁,杨龙祥等.移动Ad Hoc网络中基于链路稳定性的QoS路由算法综述[J].计算机工程与应用,2009,45(1)：1-6.
[23]Shu Wang L, Yang Y T, Dong O W W, Zhang L F, Adapative Multipath Source Routing in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks, Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Communications, IEEE International Conference on Communications, Helsinki, Finland, 2001:867.
[24]Cidon I, Rom R, Shavitt Y, Analysis of Multi-path Routing, IEEE Trans, Networking, Dec. 1999,7(6):885-896.
[25]QOLSR. http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-badis-manet-qolsr.
[26]S. Chen and K. Nahrstedt, Distributed Quality-of-Service Rrouting in Ad Hoc Networks, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 17(8) (1999) 1488-1505.
[27]Chenxi Zhu and M. Scott Corson. QoS routing for mobile ad hoc networks[J]. INFOCOM 2002,6(2):958—967.
[28]Nen-Chung Wang and Chao-Yang Lee, A Reliable QoS Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks with Multi-path Strategy, Networks,14th IEEE International Conference on ICON '06, vol.2, pp.1,2006.
[29]陈宁,葛君伟,等宁波.MANET中一种新QoS路由技术的研究[J].计算机工程与设计,2005,26(8)：2051-2053.、
[30]龚晓霞,王建新.移动自组网中基于预测的路由协议研究[J].现代电子技术,2004,27(5)：89-92.
[31]罗晓东,卢守雄.移动自组网络中基于预测机制的路由协议研究[J].南华大学学报,2008,22(1)：27-31.
[32]Zhao Qiang and Zhu Hongbo, "An optimized AODV protocol in mobile ad hoc," The 4th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing, 2008, WiCOM'08.
[33]邓曙光,曾朝晖,增专武.MANET中一种基于移动预测的单向QoS路由.小型微型计算机系统,2006,27(12)：2246-2250.
[34]Liu, Chao and Hu Aiqun, "High efficiency AODV routing protocol based on link availability prediction in MANETs," Journal of Southeast University (English Edition), December 2007, vol.23, no.4, pp.489-493.
[35]Dongkyun Kim, J.J. Garcia-Luna-Aceves, Juan-Carlos Cano and Pietro Manzoni, "Routing Mechanisms for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Based on the Energy Drain Rate," April-June 2003, vol.2, iss.2, pp.161-173.
[36]Dongkyun Kim, Garcia-Luna-Aceves, J.J., Obraczka, K, Cano, J.C., and Manzoni, P, "Power-Aware Routing Based on The Energy Drain Rate for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks," Computer Communications and Networks,2002. Proceedings.2002, iss.14-16, pp.565-569.
[37]马崇霄,吴长奇.基于节点能量策略的AOMDV路由算法改进[J].通信系统与网络技术,2008,34(4)：4-6,42.
[38]邬春学,杨朝梁.多路径路由协议EMP-AOMDV的研究与实现[J].计算机科学,2009,36(1)：65-67,91.
[39]MAO Jingtian, MA Guangsheng and LI Hongsheng, "Research on Dynamically Adaptive Multi-path Routing Based on AODV," Journal of Changchun University of Techonology (Natural Science Edition), vol.27, no.2, pp.157-161, Jun.2006.
[40]罗玉宏,王建新,陈松乔.一种基于链路稳定的能量有效AODV路由协议[J].电路与系统学报,2008,13(6)：141-147.
[41]刘占军,于芳,李云等.移动Ad hoc网络的能量约束路由协议[J].计算机工程与应用,2009,45(32)：104-107.
[42]屈文杰,吴长奇.AODV和AOMDV路由协议性能仿真与分析[J].计算机工程,2007,33(17)：143-145.
[43]张勇,余镇危,张英等.移动Ad Hoc网络带宽测量关键问题分析,http://www.paper.edu.cn.
[44]吴大鹏,武穆清,甄岩.移动自组织网络可用带宽估计方法研究进展[J].通信学报,2010,31(4)：104-115.
[45]S Bellovin, A best-ease Network Performance Model, AT&T Research, Tech. Report,1992.
[46]赵金,陈鸣.网络链路带宽多分组测量技术[J].应用科学学报,2004,22(1)：30-34.
[2]IETF MANET Chart. http://www.ietf.org/htmlchar-ters/manet-charter.html.
[3]方旭明.移动自组网研究与发展现状[J].数据通信,2003,(4)：15-23.
[4]甄岩,李祥珍.移动自组织网络发展与应用展望[J].数字通信,2010,37(5)：31-33.
[5]倪明芳,安建平,刘珩等.对移动自组网体系结构的再思考[J].计算机工程与设计,2007,28(22)：5402-5404.
[6]李腊元,李春林.计算机网络技术(第2版).北京：国防工业出版社,2004.7.
[7]谢希仁.计算机网络(第四版).北京：电子工业出版社,2003.6
[8]周伯生,吴介一,张飒兵.MANET路由协议研究进展[J].计算机研究与发展,2002,39(10)：1168-1177.
[9]聂晶,贺昕,周正 赵成林.移动Ad hoc网络路由协议分析[J].电子科学技术评论,2005,6：12-16.
[10]Charles E. Perking, Pravin Bhagwat. Highly Dynamic Destination-Sequenced-Vector routing(DSDV) for mobile comuters[A]. In Proceeding of the SIGCOMM'94 Conference on Communication Architectures, Protocols and Applications, August 1994,234-244.
[11]OLSR. http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3626.
[12]D B Johnson, D A M altz. Dynamic source routing in ad hoc wireless networks. In:Mobile Computing Norwell, MA:Kluwer A cadem ic Publishers,1996,153～181.
[13]C E Perkins, E M Royer. Ad hoc on demand distance vector routing. The IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications (WMCSA), NewOrleans, LA,1999.
[14]V D Park, M S Corson. A highly adaptive distributed routing algorithm for mobile wireless networks. The IEEE Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM), Kobe,1997.
[15]ZRP. http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-manet-zone-zrp.
[16]R. Sivakumar, P. Sinha, and V. Bharghavan, "CEDAR:A Core-Extraction Distributed Ad Hoc Routing Algorithm", IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol.17, no.8, pp.1454-1465, August 1999.
[17]M Jiang, J L i, Y C Yay. Cluster based routing protocol (CBRP) functional specification. 1999. http://www.ietf.org//internet-drafts//draft-ietf-manet-cbrp-spec-01.txt.
[18]Marina, M.K. and Das, S.R. On-demand Multipath Distance Vector Routing in Ad hoc Networks[A], Proceeding of 9th IEEE International Conferenceon Network Protocols(ICNP)[C].2001:14-23.
[19]NS2. http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/.
[20]张鹏,崔勇,孙磊.移动自组织网络服务质量控制机制综述[J].计算机应用,2009,9(3)：625-632,642.
[21]陈年生,李腊元,孙强.基于MANET的QoS路由研究[J].计算机工程与应用,2004,40(30)：120-123.
[22]张晖,董育宁,杨龙祥等.移动Ad Hoc网络中基于链路稳定性的QoS路由算法综述[J].计算机工程与应用,2009,45(1)：1-6.
[23]Shu Wang L, Yang Y T, Dong O W W, Zhang L F, Adapative Multipath Source Routing in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks, Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Communications, IEEE International Conference on Communications, Helsinki, Finland, 2001:867.
[24]Cidon I, Rom R, Shavitt Y, Analysis of Multi-path Routing, IEEE Trans, Networking, Dec. 1999,7(6):885-896.
[25]QOLSR. http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-badis-manet-qolsr.
[26]S. Chen and K. Nahrstedt, Distributed Quality-of-Service Rrouting in Ad Hoc Networks, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 17(8) (1999) 1488-1505.
[27]Chenxi Zhu and M. Scott Corson. QoS routing for mobile ad hoc networks[J]. INFOCOM 2002,6(2):958—967.
[28]Nen-Chung Wang and Chao-Yang Lee, A Reliable QoS Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks with Multi-path Strategy, Networks,14th IEEE International Conference on ICON '06, vol.2, pp.1,2006.
[29]陈宁,葛君伟,等宁波.MANET中一种新QoS路由技术的研究[J].计算机工程与设计,2005,26(8)：2051-2053.、
[30]龚晓霞,王建新.移动自组网中基于预测的路由协议研究[J].现代电子技术,2004,27(5)：89-92.
[31]罗晓东,卢守雄.移动自组网络中基于预测机制的路由协议研究[J].南华大学学报,2008,22(1)：27-31.
[32]Zhao Qiang and Zhu Hongbo, "An optimized AODV protocol in mobile ad hoc," The 4th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing, 2008, WiCOM'08.
[33]邓曙光,曾朝晖,增专武.MANET中一种基于移动预测的单向QoS路由.小型微型计算机系统,2006,27(12)：2246-2250.
[34]Liu, Chao and Hu Aiqun, "High efficiency AODV routing protocol based on link availability prediction in MANETs," Journal of Southeast University (English Edition), December 2007, vol.23, no.4, pp.489-493.
[35]Dongkyun Kim, J.J. Garcia-Luna-Aceves, Juan-Carlos Cano and Pietro Manzoni, "Routing Mechanisms for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Based on the Energy Drain Rate," April-June 2003, vol.2, iss.2, pp.161-173.
[36]Dongkyun Kim, Garcia-Luna-Aceves, J.J., Obraczka, K, Cano, J.C., and Manzoni, P, "Power-Aware Routing Based on The Energy Drain Rate for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks," Computer Communications and Networks,2002. Proceedings.2002, iss.14-16, pp.565-569.
[37]马崇霄,吴长奇.基于节点能量策略的AOMDV路由算法改进[J].通信系统与网络技术,2008,34(4)：4-6,42.
[38]邬春学,杨朝梁.多路径路由协议EMP-AOMDV的研究与实现[J].计算机科学,2009,36(1)：65-67,91.
[39]MAO Jingtian, MA Guangsheng and LI Hongsheng, "Research on Dynamically Adaptive Multi-path Routing Based on AODV," Journal of Changchun University of Techonology (Natural Science Edition), vol.27, no.2, pp.157-161, Jun.2006.
[40]罗玉宏,王建新,陈松乔.一种基于链路稳定的能量有效AODV路由协议[J].电路与系统学报,2008,13(6)：141-147.
[41]刘占军,于芳,李云等.移动Ad hoc网络的能量约束路由协议[J].计算机工程与应用,2009,45(32)：104-107.
[42]屈文杰,吴长奇.AODV和AOMDV路由协议性能仿真与分析[J].计算机工程,2007,33(17)：143-145.
[43]张勇,余镇危,张英等.移动Ad Hoc网络带宽测量关键问题分析,http://www.paper.edu.cn.
[44]吴大鹏,武穆清,甄岩.移动自组织网络可用带宽估计方法研究进展[J].通信学报,2010,31(4)：104-115.
[45]S Bellovin, A best-ease Network Performance Model, AT&T Research, Tech. Report,1992.
[46]赵金,陈鸣.网络链路带宽多分组测量技术[J].应用科学学报,2004,22(1)：30-34.