P2P VoD系统内容分发策略的研究
摘要
随着终端用户接入互联网的带宽的增大,VoD服务变得越来越流行。用户对于视频质量的要求也越来越高。日益增长的用户需求使得目前的P2P VoD解决方案都不能令人满意。P2P流媒体技术由于可以充分利用网络中的节点资源,大大降低了服务器的开销,具有良好的性价比,进而成为大规模点播服务的可行解决方案。目前,P2P流媒体点播技术已经引起了学术界的广泛关注。
本文首先介绍并分析了现有的P2P VoD系统内容分发技术,比较了不同的分发策略的优缺点。接着分别从请求端、响应端以及网络空闲节点的利用等方面入手进行细致的研究,并分别提出了有效的解决方案。
推拉结合的内容分发方案由于存在较多冗余数据和动态适应性较差等缺陷,一般只能适用于直播系统。本文提出了适用于点播系统的推拉结合的内容分发方案。该方案通过对调度窗口的划分,解决了推拉结合的内容分发方案中存在较多冗余数据的问题,同时通过调度带宽的动态调整和片段预定的转移,使得所提方案更加适应于高动态性及缓存不连续的点播环境。实验表明,该方案能够较好地适应点播环境。
由于在以往调度策略中响应端的算法相对简单,进而造成数据调度不能达到预期的效果。在综合考虑数据请求的紧迫度、稀缺度和请求节点带宽的基础上,本文提出了对数据块请求进行响应控制的数据调度策略DSBRC。仿真实验结果表明,DSBRC策略比原有方案在多项性能指标上表现出了优越性。
P2P点播系统的系统吞吐量受限于系统中所有参与节点的上行带宽总量,本文在P2P VoD系统中引入了helper节点,提出了一种基于helper节点的P2P VoD方案。仿真实验证明,所提方案可以有效地利用helper节点资源。在上行带宽提供率较低的情况下,仍只需较低的服务器带宽便可以支持大规模的点播服务。
With the increment of the link capacity offered to Internet users, Video on Demand (VoD) services is becoming more and more popular. Users’requirements for video quality are higher and higher. The growing user demand makes all of the existing solution for P2P VoD inefficient. P2P streaming technology is a feasible solution for a large scale P2P VoD system because it can take advantage of all the peers’resources, and greatly reduce the server load and cost. Currently, P2P VoD technology has attracted wide attention.
In this paper, we first introduce and analyze the content distribution technologies of the existing P2P VoD system, and compare the advantages and disadvantages of different distribution strategies. Then we thoroughly study the content distribution technologies from the aspects of request end, the response end and the use of spare nodes in the network, and give a feasible proposal respectively.
The push-pull combination content distribution strategy is general applied to live systems because of its limitation such as redundant packets, poor dynamic adaptability and so on. The dissertation proposes a push-pull combination content distribution strategy for VoD systems. Through dividing of the scheduling buffer, the proposed scheme overcomes the problems of redundant packets. At the same time, the dynamically adjusting the scheduling bandwidth and the migration of fragment-orders make the more responsive to dynamic demand systems and for the condition of discontinuous buffer at peers. Experiments show that the proposed scheme can better adapt to the environment of the video-on-demand systems.
Almost all previous scheduling strategies adopt simple strategies at response end, which make it could not achieve expected goals. In this paper, we take the urgency and rarity of the request data blocks, as well as the bandwidth of request peers into consideration, and propose a data scheduling strategy based on response control mechanism (DSBRC). The experimental results show that DSBRC can perform better on several performance indexes than the exist strategies.
The throughput of P2P VoD systems is typically capped by the users’aggregate upload bandwidth. Motivated by this, we introduce helper into P2P VoD system. And study how to fully utilize the resources of helper nodes. The dissertation proposed a P2P VoD solution based on helpers. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme can effectively utilize helpers’spare upload capacity, and can support large-scale on-demand services with relative low server load in the condition of lower ratio of upload bandwidth provided.
本文首先介绍并分析了现有的P2P VoD系统内容分发技术,比较了不同的分发策略的优缺点。接着分别从请求端、响应端以及网络空闲节点的利用等方面入手进行细致的研究,并分别提出了有效的解决方案。
推拉结合的内容分发方案由于存在较多冗余数据和动态适应性较差等缺陷,一般只能适用于直播系统。本文提出了适用于点播系统的推拉结合的内容分发方案。该方案通过对调度窗口的划分,解决了推拉结合的内容分发方案中存在较多冗余数据的问题,同时通过调度带宽的动态调整和片段预定的转移,使得所提方案更加适应于高动态性及缓存不连续的点播环境。实验表明,该方案能够较好地适应点播环境。
由于在以往调度策略中响应端的算法相对简单,进而造成数据调度不能达到预期的效果。在综合考虑数据请求的紧迫度、稀缺度和请求节点带宽的基础上,本文提出了对数据块请求进行响应控制的数据调度策略DSBRC。仿真实验结果表明,DSBRC策略比原有方案在多项性能指标上表现出了优越性。
P2P点播系统的系统吞吐量受限于系统中所有参与节点的上行带宽总量,本文在P2P VoD系统中引入了helper节点,提出了一种基于helper节点的P2P VoD方案。仿真实验证明,所提方案可以有效地利用helper节点资源。在上行带宽提供率较低的情况下,仍只需较低的服务器带宽便可以支持大规模的点播服务。
With the increment of the link capacity offered to Internet users, Video on Demand (VoD) services is becoming more and more popular. Users’requirements for video quality are higher and higher. The growing user demand makes all of the existing solution for P2P VoD inefficient. P2P streaming technology is a feasible solution for a large scale P2P VoD system because it can take advantage of all the peers’resources, and greatly reduce the server load and cost. Currently, P2P VoD technology has attracted wide attention.
In this paper, we first introduce and analyze the content distribution technologies of the existing P2P VoD system, and compare the advantages and disadvantages of different distribution strategies. Then we thoroughly study the content distribution technologies from the aspects of request end, the response end and the use of spare nodes in the network, and give a feasible proposal respectively.
The push-pull combination content distribution strategy is general applied to live systems because of its limitation such as redundant packets, poor dynamic adaptability and so on. The dissertation proposes a push-pull combination content distribution strategy for VoD systems. Through dividing of the scheduling buffer, the proposed scheme overcomes the problems of redundant packets. At the same time, the dynamically adjusting the scheduling bandwidth and the migration of fragment-orders make the more responsive to dynamic demand systems and for the condition of discontinuous buffer at peers. Experiments show that the proposed scheme can better adapt to the environment of the video-on-demand systems.
Almost all previous scheduling strategies adopt simple strategies at response end, which make it could not achieve expected goals. In this paper, we take the urgency and rarity of the request data blocks, as well as the bandwidth of request peers into consideration, and propose a data scheduling strategy based on response control mechanism (DSBRC). The experimental results show that DSBRC can perform better on several performance indexes than the exist strategies.
The throughput of P2P VoD systems is typically capped by the users’aggregate upload bandwidth. Motivated by this, we introduce helper into P2P VoD system. And study how to fully utilize the resources of helper nodes. The dissertation proposed a P2P VoD solution based on helpers. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme can effectively utilize helpers’spare upload capacity, and can support large-scale on-demand services with relative low server load in the condition of lower ratio of upload bandwidth provided.
引文
[1] L. Gomes, Will All of Us Get Our 15 Minutes On a YouTube Video? [N] Wall Street Journal, August 30, 2006.
[2] K. Saroiu, P. Gummadi, R. J. Dunn, et al. An Analysis of Internet Content Delivery Systems [C]. In Proceedings of the 5th symposium on Operating systems design and implementation. Boston Park Plaza, Boston, MA, USA. USENIX Press, December 9-11, 2002: 315-327.
[3] T. Frederic and C. Mark, Video-on-Demand Networks: Design Approaches and Future Challenges [J]. Network, IEEE, March-April 2007.21(2): 42-48.
[4] C. Huang, J. Li, and K. W. Ross, Can Internet. Video-on-Demand Be Profitable? [C]. In Proceedings. of ACM Special Interest Group on Data Communication, Kyoto, Japan, August 2007: 133-144.
[5]陈贵海,李振华.对等网络:结构、应用与设计[M].北京:清华大学出版社. 2007.
[6] A.J. Ganesh, A.–M. Kermarrec, and L. Massoulie. Peer-to-peer membership management for gossip-based protocols [J]. IEEE Transactions on Computers, February 2003, 52(2): 139-149.
[7] Y. R. Choe, D. L. Schuff, J. M. Dyaberi, et al. Improving VoD Server Efficiency with BitTorrent [C]. In Proceedings of Multimedia, Augsburg, Germany. ACM Press, September 24-29, 2007: 117-126.
[8] Y. Guo, K. Suh, J. Kurose, et al. P2Cast: Peer-to-peer Patching Service [C]. In Proceedings of the 12th International Conference (WWW), Budapest, Hungary. IEEE Press, May 20-24, 2003: 301-309.
[9] D. Tai, H. A. Kien, T. Mounir. P2VoD: Providing Fault Tolerant Video-on-Demand Streaming in Peer-to-Peer Environment [C]. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Communication, Orlando, Florida, USA. IEEE Press, June. 20-24, 2004: 1467-1472.
[10] D. Wang, J. Liu. A Dynamic Skip List Based Overlay for on-Demand Media Streaming with VCR Interactions [J]. In Transactions on Parallel and DistributedSystems, April 2008, 19(4): 503-514.
[11] M. I. A. Vlavianos, M. Faloutsos. BiToS: Enhancing BitTorrent for Supporting Streaming Applications [C]. In Proceedings of IEEE Global Internet, Barcelona, Spain. IEEE Press. April 28-29, 2006: 1-6.
[12] C. Dana, L. Danjue, D. Harrison, C. Chuah. BASS: BitTorrent Assisted Streaming System for Video-on-Demand. [C]. In Proceedings of the IEEE 7th Workshop on Multimedia Singal Processing, Shanghai, China. IEEE Press, October 30-November.2, 2005: 1-4.
[13] Q. Huang, H. Jin, and X. Liao. P2P Live Streaming with Tree-Mesh based Hybrid Overlay [C]. In Proceedings the 2007 International Conference on Parallel Processing Workshops, September 10-14, 2007: 55-60.
[14] F. Wang, Y. Xiong, J. Liu. mTreebone: A Hybrid Tree/Mesh Overlay for Application-Layer Live Video Multicast [C]. In Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems. June 25-27, 2007: 49-56.
[15] B. Haesun and L. Meejeong. HyPO: A Peer-to-Peer based Hybrid Overlay Structure [C]. In Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Advanced Communication Technology, Piscataway, NJ, USA. IEEE Press. February 2009: 840-844.
[16] N. Vratonji?, P. Gupta, N. Kne?evi?, D. Kosti? and A. Rowstron. Enabling DVD-like features in P2P video-on-demand systems [C]. In Proceedings of the 2007 workshop on Peer-to-peer streaming and IP-TV. Kyoto, Japan. August 27-31, 2007: 329-334.
[17] W.-P. Yiu, X. Jin, and S.-H. Chan, Vmesh: Distributed segment storage for peer-to-peer interactive video streaming [J]. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications. December 2007, 25(9): 1717-1731.
[18] M. Zhou and 1. Liu. A Hybrid Network for Video-on-Demand [C]. In Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Communications. Seoul, Korea. May 15-19, 2005: 1309-1311.
[19] C Q. Xu,G. M. Muntean,E. Fallon,et a1.DONet-VoD: a hybrid overlay solution for efficient peer-to-peer video on demand services [C]. IEEE International Conference on Multimedia & Expo. Hannover, Germany, April 27, 2008: 641-644.
[20] L. H. Ying and A. Basu. pcVOD: Internet Peer-to-Peer Video-On-Demand withStorage Caching on Peers [C]. In Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Distributed Multimedia Systems. Canada. 2005: 218-223.
[21]刘亚杰,窦文华.一种P2P环境下的VoD流媒体服务体系[J].软件学报. 2006, 17(4): 876~885.
[22] Y. Guo, K. Suh, J. Kurose, and D. Towsley, A peer-to-peer on-demand streaming service and its performance evaluation [C]. In Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on Multimedia and Expo. July 2003: 649-652.
[23] J. Li, PeerStreaming: A Practical Receiver-Driven Peer-to-Peer Media Streaming System [R]. September 2004. Technical report, ftp://ftp.research.microsoft.com/pub/tr/ TR-2004-101.pdf.
[24] M. Zhang, L. Sun, and S. Yang. The system to provide low delay peer-to-peer live streaming service over internet [J]. Peer-to-Peer Networking and Applications. Springer New York. June 2, 2009.
[25] B. Cheng, H. Jin, and X. F. Liao. RINDY: A Ring Based Overlay Network for Peer-to-Peer on-Demand Streaming [C]. In Proceedings of Ubiquitous Intelligence and Computing, Wuhan, China. 2006: 1048-1058.
[26] C. Zheng, G. Shen, and S. Li. Distributed Prefetching Scheme for Random Seek Support in Peer-to-Peer Streaming Applications [J]. Workshop on Advances in Peer-to-Peer Multimedia Streaming. ACM Multimedia 2005, Hilton, Singapore. November 2005: 29-38.
[27] Y. He, Y. Liu. Supporting VCR in Peer-to-Peer Video-On-Demand. [C]. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols, Beijing, China, October 16-19. 2007: 328-329.
[28] W. P. Yiu, X. Jin and S. H. Chan. Distributed storage tosupport user interactivity in peer-to-peer video streaming [C]. In Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Communications. June 2006: 55–60.
[29] M. Zhang, J. Luo, L. Zhao, and S. Yang. A peer-to-peer network for live media streaming using a push-pull approach [C]. In Proceedings ACM Multimedia, 2005: 287-290.
[30] S. Sheu, K. A. Hua, and W. Tavanapong. Chaining. A Generalized Batching Techniquefor Video-On-Demand. [C] In Proceddings of the Int'1 Conf. On Multimedia Computing and System. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, June 1997: 110-117.
[31] M. Yang, Z. Fei. A proactive approach to reconstructing overlay multicast trees [C]. In Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Communications. New York: IEEE Press, March 2004: 2743-2753.
[32] M. Guo, M. Ammar. Scalable live video streaming to cooperative clients using time shifting and video patching [C]. In Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Communications. New York: IEEE Press, 2004: 1501-1511.
[33] M Guo, M. Ammar, E. ZEGURA. Cooperative patching: A client based P2P architecture for supporting continuous live video streaming [C]. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computers Communication and Networks. Washington DC: IEEE Press, 2004: 481-486.
[34] S. Banerjee, S. Lee. R. Braud, et al. Scalable resilient mediastreaming [C]. In Proceedings of the 14th ACM International Workshop on Network and Operating Systems Support for Digital Audio and Video 2004. New York: ACM Press, 2004: 4-9.
[35] D. Tran, K. Hua, and T. Do. Zigzag: An efficient peer-to-peer scheme for media streaming [C]. In Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computers Communica2tion and Networks, San Francisco, CA, USA, April 2003: 1283-1292.
[36] H. Deshpande, M. Bawa, and H. Garcia-Molina. Streaming Live Media Over Peers [R]. Stanford Database Group Technical Report. 2001: 105-122.
[37] M. Bawa, H. Deshpande, and H. Garcia-Molina. Transience of Peers & Streaming Media [R]. Technical Report, Stanford University. 2002: 67-79.
[38] W. Yiu, X. Jin and S. Chan, Challenges and approaches in large-scale p2p media streaming [J]. IEEE MultiMedia. Los Alamitos, CA, USA. IEEE Computer Society Press. April–June 2007, 14 (2): 50–59.
[39] M. Castro et al. SplitStream: High-Bandwidth Multicast in Cooperative Environments [C]. In Proceedings of ACM 19th Symp. Operating Systems Principles (SOSP), 2003: 298-313.
[40] V. Padmanabhan, H. Wang, P. Chou, K. Sripanidkulchai. Distributing StreamingMedia Content Using Cooperative Networking [C]. In Proceedings of ACM international workshop on Network and operating systems support for digital audio and video. 2002. 177-186.
[41] A. Rowstron and P. Druschel. Pastry: Scalable, Distributed Object Location and Routing for Large-Scale Peer-to-Peer Systems [C]. In Proceedings IFIP/ACM Int’l Conf. Distributed Systems Platforms (Middleware), 2001: 329-350.
[42] Y. Wang, M.T. Orchard, A.R. Reibman. Multiple description image coding for noisy channels by pairing transform coefficients [C]. In Proceedings IEEE Workshop on Multimedia Signal Proeessing. June.1997: 419-424.
[43] S. Somasundaram, K.P. Subbalakshmi, R.N. Uma. MDC and path diversity in video streaming [C]. In Image Processing. International Conference. Singapore, 2004: 3153-3156.
[44] N. Magharei, R. Rejaie. Understanding Mesh based Peer-to-Peer Streaming [C]. In Proceedings of ACM international workshop on Network and operating systems support for digital audio and video 2006, Newport, Rhode Island, USA, May, 2006: 56-61.
[45] X. Zhang et al. CoolStreaming/DONet: A Data-Driven Overlay Network for Live Media Streaming [C]. In Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computers Communication and Networks, IEEE Press, 2005: 2102-2111.
[46] M. Hefeeda, A. Habib, B. Botev, D. Xu, B. Bhargava. PROMISE: peer-to-peer media streaming using CollectCast [C]. In Proceedings of the 11th ACM international conference on Multimedia. Berkeley, CA, USA. 2003: 45-54.
[47] N. Magharei, R. Rejaie. PRIME: peer-to-peer receiver-driven mesh-based streaming [J]. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking. August 2009, 17(4): 1052-1065
[48] Y. Guo, S. Mathur, K. Ramaswamy, S. Yu, and B. Patel. Ponder: Providing commercial-quality video-on-demand service using peer-to-peer network [R]. In Technical repot. Corporate Research, Thomson Inc., 2006.
[49] N. Magharei, R. Rejaie, Y. Guo. Mesh or Multiple-Tree: A Comparative Study of Live P2P Streaming Approaches [C]. In Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Communications 2007, Anchorage, AK, USA, May 2007: 1424-1432.
[50] Peer-to-Peer Streaming Simulator [CP/OL]. http://media.cs.tsinghua.edu.cn/~zhangm/
[51] B. Cohen. Incentives build robustness in bittorrent [C]. In Workshop on Economics of P2P Systems. Berkeley, CA, USA,June, 2003: 458-460.
[52] Y. Huang, T. Z. J. Fu, D.-M. Chiu, J. C. S. Lui, and C. Huang. Challenges, Design and Analysis of a Large-scale P2P-VoD System [C]. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2008 conference on Data communication. 2008: 375-388.
[53] D. Xu, M. Hefeeda, S. Hambrusch, B. Bhargava. On Peer-to-Peer Media Streaming [C]. In Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems, July 02-05, 2002: 363-371.
[54] Xing Chen, Qing Yang. Provide VoD Service in Peer-to-Peer Network using Offset Ranking and Epidemic Diffusion [C]. Consumer Communications and Networking Conference. January. 10-13 2009: 1-6.
[55] D.Qiu and R.Srikant. Modeling and performance analysis of bittorrent-like peer-to-peer networks [C]. In Proceedings of the 2004 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications. Portland, Oregon, USA. 2004: 367-378.
[56] J. Wong. Enhancing collaborative content delivery with helpers [D]. Master’s thesis, University of British Columbia, 2004.
[57] J. Wang, C. Yeo, V. Prabhakaran, and K. Ramchandran. On the Role of Helpers in Peer-to-Peer File Download Systems Design, Analysis and Simulation [C]. In Proceedings Int’l.Workshop on Peer-to-Peer Systems, 2007.
[58] J. Wang and K. Ramchandran. Enhancing Peer-to-Peer Live Multicast Quality Using Helpers [C]. In IEEE International Conference on Image Processing. 2008: 2300–2303.
[59] J. Pouwelse, P. Garbacki, J.Wang, and et al. TRIBLER: A Social-Based. Peer-to-Peer System [J]. Concurrency and Computation. 2008, 20(2): 127-138.
[2] K. Saroiu, P. Gummadi, R. J. Dunn, et al. An Analysis of Internet Content Delivery Systems [C]. In Proceedings of the 5th symposium on Operating systems design and implementation. Boston Park Plaza, Boston, MA, USA. USENIX Press, December 9-11, 2002: 315-327.
[3] T. Frederic and C. Mark, Video-on-Demand Networks: Design Approaches and Future Challenges [J]. Network, IEEE, March-April 2007.21(2): 42-48.
[4] C. Huang, J. Li, and K. W. Ross, Can Internet. Video-on-Demand Be Profitable? [C]. In Proceedings. of ACM Special Interest Group on Data Communication, Kyoto, Japan, August 2007: 133-144.
[5]陈贵海,李振华.对等网络:结构、应用与设计[M].北京:清华大学出版社. 2007.
[6] A.J. Ganesh, A.–M. Kermarrec, and L. Massoulie. Peer-to-peer membership management for gossip-based protocols [J]. IEEE Transactions on Computers, February 2003, 52(2): 139-149.
[7] Y. R. Choe, D. L. Schuff, J. M. Dyaberi, et al. Improving VoD Server Efficiency with BitTorrent [C]. In Proceedings of Multimedia, Augsburg, Germany. ACM Press, September 24-29, 2007: 117-126.
[8] Y. Guo, K. Suh, J. Kurose, et al. P2Cast: Peer-to-peer Patching Service [C]. In Proceedings of the 12th International Conference (WWW), Budapest, Hungary. IEEE Press, May 20-24, 2003: 301-309.
[9] D. Tai, H. A. Kien, T. Mounir. P2VoD: Providing Fault Tolerant Video-on-Demand Streaming in Peer-to-Peer Environment [C]. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Communication, Orlando, Florida, USA. IEEE Press, June. 20-24, 2004: 1467-1472.
[10] D. Wang, J. Liu. A Dynamic Skip List Based Overlay for on-Demand Media Streaming with VCR Interactions [J]. In Transactions on Parallel and DistributedSystems, April 2008, 19(4): 503-514.
[11] M. I. A. Vlavianos, M. Faloutsos. BiToS: Enhancing BitTorrent for Supporting Streaming Applications [C]. In Proceedings of IEEE Global Internet, Barcelona, Spain. IEEE Press. April 28-29, 2006: 1-6.
[12] C. Dana, L. Danjue, D. Harrison, C. Chuah. BASS: BitTorrent Assisted Streaming System for Video-on-Demand. [C]. In Proceedings of the IEEE 7th Workshop on Multimedia Singal Processing, Shanghai, China. IEEE Press, October 30-November.2, 2005: 1-4.
[13] Q. Huang, H. Jin, and X. Liao. P2P Live Streaming with Tree-Mesh based Hybrid Overlay [C]. In Proceedings the 2007 International Conference on Parallel Processing Workshops, September 10-14, 2007: 55-60.
[14] F. Wang, Y. Xiong, J. Liu. mTreebone: A Hybrid Tree/Mesh Overlay for Application-Layer Live Video Multicast [C]. In Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems. June 25-27, 2007: 49-56.
[15] B. Haesun and L. Meejeong. HyPO: A Peer-to-Peer based Hybrid Overlay Structure [C]. In Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Advanced Communication Technology, Piscataway, NJ, USA. IEEE Press. February 2009: 840-844.
[16] N. Vratonji?, P. Gupta, N. Kne?evi?, D. Kosti? and A. Rowstron. Enabling DVD-like features in P2P video-on-demand systems [C]. In Proceedings of the 2007 workshop on Peer-to-peer streaming and IP-TV. Kyoto, Japan. August 27-31, 2007: 329-334.
[17] W.-P. Yiu, X. Jin, and S.-H. Chan, Vmesh: Distributed segment storage for peer-to-peer interactive video streaming [J]. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications. December 2007, 25(9): 1717-1731.
[18] M. Zhou and 1. Liu. A Hybrid Network for Video-on-Demand [C]. In Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Communications. Seoul, Korea. May 15-19, 2005: 1309-1311.
[19] C Q. Xu,G. M. Muntean,E. Fallon,et a1.DONet-VoD: a hybrid overlay solution for efficient peer-to-peer video on demand services [C]. IEEE International Conference on Multimedia & Expo. Hannover, Germany, April 27, 2008: 641-644.
[20] L. H. Ying and A. Basu. pcVOD: Internet Peer-to-Peer Video-On-Demand withStorage Caching on Peers [C]. In Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Distributed Multimedia Systems. Canada. 2005: 218-223.
[21]刘亚杰,窦文华.一种P2P环境下的VoD流媒体服务体系[J].软件学报. 2006, 17(4): 876~885.
[22] Y. Guo, K. Suh, J. Kurose, and D. Towsley, A peer-to-peer on-demand streaming service and its performance evaluation [C]. In Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on Multimedia and Expo. July 2003: 649-652.
[23] J. Li, PeerStreaming: A Practical Receiver-Driven Peer-to-Peer Media Streaming System [R]. September 2004. Technical report, ftp://ftp.research.microsoft.com/pub/tr/ TR-2004-101.pdf.
[24] M. Zhang, L. Sun, and S. Yang. The system to provide low delay peer-to-peer live streaming service over internet [J]. Peer-to-Peer Networking and Applications. Springer New York. June 2, 2009.
[25] B. Cheng, H. Jin, and X. F. Liao. RINDY: A Ring Based Overlay Network for Peer-to-Peer on-Demand Streaming [C]. In Proceedings of Ubiquitous Intelligence and Computing, Wuhan, China. 2006: 1048-1058.
[26] C. Zheng, G. Shen, and S. Li. Distributed Prefetching Scheme for Random Seek Support in Peer-to-Peer Streaming Applications [J]. Workshop on Advances in Peer-to-Peer Multimedia Streaming. ACM Multimedia 2005, Hilton, Singapore. November 2005: 29-38.
[27] Y. He, Y. Liu. Supporting VCR in Peer-to-Peer Video-On-Demand. [C]. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols, Beijing, China, October 16-19. 2007: 328-329.
[28] W. P. Yiu, X. Jin and S. H. Chan. Distributed storage tosupport user interactivity in peer-to-peer video streaming [C]. In Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Communications. June 2006: 55–60.
[29] M. Zhang, J. Luo, L. Zhao, and S. Yang. A peer-to-peer network for live media streaming using a push-pull approach [C]. In Proceedings ACM Multimedia, 2005: 287-290.
[30] S. Sheu, K. A. Hua, and W. Tavanapong. Chaining. A Generalized Batching Techniquefor Video-On-Demand. [C] In Proceddings of the Int'1 Conf. On Multimedia Computing and System. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, June 1997: 110-117.
[31] M. Yang, Z. Fei. A proactive approach to reconstructing overlay multicast trees [C]. In Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Communications. New York: IEEE Press, March 2004: 2743-2753.
[32] M. Guo, M. Ammar. Scalable live video streaming to cooperative clients using time shifting and video patching [C]. In Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Communications. New York: IEEE Press, 2004: 1501-1511.
[33] M Guo, M. Ammar, E. ZEGURA. Cooperative patching: A client based P2P architecture for supporting continuous live video streaming [C]. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computers Communication and Networks. Washington DC: IEEE Press, 2004: 481-486.
[34] S. Banerjee, S. Lee. R. Braud, et al. Scalable resilient mediastreaming [C]. In Proceedings of the 14th ACM International Workshop on Network and Operating Systems Support for Digital Audio and Video 2004. New York: ACM Press, 2004: 4-9.
[35] D. Tran, K. Hua, and T. Do. Zigzag: An efficient peer-to-peer scheme for media streaming [C]. In Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computers Communica2tion and Networks, San Francisco, CA, USA, April 2003: 1283-1292.
[36] H. Deshpande, M. Bawa, and H. Garcia-Molina. Streaming Live Media Over Peers [R]. Stanford Database Group Technical Report. 2001: 105-122.
[37] M. Bawa, H. Deshpande, and H. Garcia-Molina. Transience of Peers & Streaming Media [R]. Technical Report, Stanford University. 2002: 67-79.
[38] W. Yiu, X. Jin and S. Chan, Challenges and approaches in large-scale p2p media streaming [J]. IEEE MultiMedia. Los Alamitos, CA, USA. IEEE Computer Society Press. April–June 2007, 14 (2): 50–59.
[39] M. Castro et al. SplitStream: High-Bandwidth Multicast in Cooperative Environments [C]. In Proceedings of ACM 19th Symp. Operating Systems Principles (SOSP), 2003: 298-313.
[40] V. Padmanabhan, H. Wang, P. Chou, K. Sripanidkulchai. Distributing StreamingMedia Content Using Cooperative Networking [C]. In Proceedings of ACM international workshop on Network and operating systems support for digital audio and video. 2002. 177-186.
[41] A. Rowstron and P. Druschel. Pastry: Scalable, Distributed Object Location and Routing for Large-Scale Peer-to-Peer Systems [C]. In Proceedings IFIP/ACM Int’l Conf. Distributed Systems Platforms (Middleware), 2001: 329-350.
[42] Y. Wang, M.T. Orchard, A.R. Reibman. Multiple description image coding for noisy channels by pairing transform coefficients [C]. In Proceedings IEEE Workshop on Multimedia Signal Proeessing. June.1997: 419-424.
[43] S. Somasundaram, K.P. Subbalakshmi, R.N. Uma. MDC and path diversity in video streaming [C]. In Image Processing. International Conference. Singapore, 2004: 3153-3156.
[44] N. Magharei, R. Rejaie. Understanding Mesh based Peer-to-Peer Streaming [C]. In Proceedings of ACM international workshop on Network and operating systems support for digital audio and video 2006, Newport, Rhode Island, USA, May, 2006: 56-61.
[45] X. Zhang et al. CoolStreaming/DONet: A Data-Driven Overlay Network for Live Media Streaming [C]. In Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computers Communication and Networks, IEEE Press, 2005: 2102-2111.
[46] M. Hefeeda, A. Habib, B. Botev, D. Xu, B. Bhargava. PROMISE: peer-to-peer media streaming using CollectCast [C]. In Proceedings of the 11th ACM international conference on Multimedia. Berkeley, CA, USA. 2003: 45-54.
[47] N. Magharei, R. Rejaie. PRIME: peer-to-peer receiver-driven mesh-based streaming [J]. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking. August 2009, 17(4): 1052-1065
[48] Y. Guo, S. Mathur, K. Ramaswamy, S. Yu, and B. Patel. Ponder: Providing commercial-quality video-on-demand service using peer-to-peer network [R]. In Technical repot. Corporate Research, Thomson Inc., 2006.
[49] N. Magharei, R. Rejaie, Y. Guo. Mesh or Multiple-Tree: A Comparative Study of Live P2P Streaming Approaches [C]. In Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Communications 2007, Anchorage, AK, USA, May 2007: 1424-1432.
[50] Peer-to-Peer Streaming Simulator [CP/OL]. http://media.cs.tsinghua.edu.cn/~zhangm/
[51] B. Cohen. Incentives build robustness in bittorrent [C]. In Workshop on Economics of P2P Systems. Berkeley, CA, USA,June, 2003: 458-460.
[52] Y. Huang, T. Z. J. Fu, D.-M. Chiu, J. C. S. Lui, and C. Huang. Challenges, Design and Analysis of a Large-scale P2P-VoD System [C]. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2008 conference on Data communication. 2008: 375-388.
[53] D. Xu, M. Hefeeda, S. Hambrusch, B. Bhargava. On Peer-to-Peer Media Streaming [C]. In Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems, July 02-05, 2002: 363-371.
[54] Xing Chen, Qing Yang. Provide VoD Service in Peer-to-Peer Network using Offset Ranking and Epidemic Diffusion [C]. Consumer Communications and Networking Conference. January. 10-13 2009: 1-6.
[55] D.Qiu and R.Srikant. Modeling and performance analysis of bittorrent-like peer-to-peer networks [C]. In Proceedings of the 2004 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications. Portland, Oregon, USA. 2004: 367-378.
[56] J. Wong. Enhancing collaborative content delivery with helpers [D]. Master’s thesis, University of British Columbia, 2004.
[57] J. Wang, C. Yeo, V. Prabhakaran, and K. Ramchandran. On the Role of Helpers in Peer-to-Peer File Download Systems Design, Analysis and Simulation [C]. In Proceedings Int’l.Workshop on Peer-to-Peer Systems, 2007.
[58] J. Wang and K. Ramchandran. Enhancing Peer-to-Peer Live Multicast Quality Using Helpers [C]. In IEEE International Conference on Image Processing. 2008: 2300–2303.
[59] J. Pouwelse, P. Garbacki, J.Wang, and et al. TRIBLER: A Social-Based. Peer-to-Peer System [J]. Concurrency and Computation. 2008, 20(2): 127-138.