广西城市中学气排球运动发展研究
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摘要
《全面健身计划纲要》指出,广泛开展群众性体育健身活动,充分挖掘各种适合于大众健身的运动项目,使之更好的为全民健身服务。在此形势下,气排球运动作为一项新颖、新兴的娱乐性项目,其以球质软、球体大和轻、球速慢、难度小、少伤害、趣味性高、娱乐性强、健身价值高及经济消费等特点符合不同人群的多种健身娱乐需要,深受广大群众的喜爱。近年来,福建、河南、广西、甘肃、内蒙古等地气排球运动开展得更是如火如荼,矿产、机关、单位、社区等组织不同层次、不同规模的气排球比赛。尤其在广西,气排球运动已融入广西大众的生活之中,成为广西大众最喜欢的健身运动项目之一,比赛多,规模大,范围广,其可谓是全民皆兵。2001年国家颁布的《体育与健康课程标准》中明确提出要对学校体育进行改革,贯彻“健康第一”、“以人(学生)为本”的体育教学思想,并大力开发和开展学生感兴趣的新兴体育运动项目。而气排球运动的出现,应成为中学体育课内、外活动的内容之一,但在中学恰恰相反。据调查,气排球运动在广西中学仅未得到重视和开展,课内没有设置气排球课程,以及课外活动以气排球运动作为锻炼内容仅未开展起来,这与广西各个领域气排球运动开展的现状大相径庭。鉴于此,本文主要采用了问卷调查法、文献资料法、数理统计法、逻辑分析等研究方法对广西21所城市中学气排球运动开展情况及影响其开展因素进行调查研究,论证广西城市中学开展此项运动的重要性、可行性,并提出广西城市中学气排球运动发展的构思,为广西城市中学乃至全国有条件地区中学气排球运动的普及发展提供参考依据。研究结果表明:
1、气排球运动在广西大体经历了三个发展阶段,即兴起、开展普及与迅猛发展阶段;气排球运动在广西大众健身基础上发展情况较好,参与人数多、覆盖面积广、比赛多,规模大、水平高;广西气排球运动发展的趋势逐渐向竞技性转化。
2、广西城市中学没有开设气排球课程;大部分学校课外未开展气排球运动;学生课外参加气排球活动不容乐观;课外活动中缺乏组织和指导,处于比较松散的状态;校内、外组织比赛少;无一学校组织气排球队;学生对气排球认识不足;了解气排球运动主要从家庭、单位、社区等途径获得;学生气排球技术基础比较薄弱;大部分学生对气排球运动比较感兴趣,尤其是女生;学生参加气排球的动机主要是以健身、娱乐及提高运动技术水平为主要目的。
3、广西城市中学体育教师的学历、职称和教龄结构基本合理,年龄趋于年轻化,学历大多数是本科,一级教师以上的占一半以上,超过10年教龄的也占一半以上;学校均有排球专业教师,基本满足学校开展气排球运动的需要。教师参加专业培训较多,但参加气排球方面的培训较少;教师科研能力普遍较低。
4、学校气排球场地和数量缺乏;部分学校体育场地器材配备不够合理,个别地方还有资源浪费的现象,以及体育经费得不到保证或投入不足;大部分学校均有硬排场地、羽毛球场地及空地等,其基本满足气排球运动开展的需要。
5、影响广西城市中学气排球运动开展的主要因素有:学生因素;课程设置因素;课外开展因素。
6、气排球运动更适合中学生身心发展特点及需要;广西城市中学的体育设施、经费及师资现状基本满足气排球运动开展的需要;绝大多数专家、学校领导及体育教师对学校开展气排球运动给予支持和肯定;符合绝大多数学生的意愿;良好的政策环境和体育课改形式为气排球运动的开展创造了发展空间;有广泛的群众基础和良好的社会气排球环境;弥补硬排的不足,满足学生对娱乐排球的需要。鉴于此,本课题研究认为,在广西城市中学开展气排球运动是可行的。
7、本文结合广西城市中学气排球运动开展的现状、重要性及可行性分析来提出广西城市中学气排球运动发展构思。(1)发展的指导思想:必须坚持“健康第一”的指导思想;必须坚持与《课程标准》相结合的指导思想。(2)发展的目标:课程设置目标;课外活动发展目标;师资发展目标;场地、经费发展目标。(3)发展的对策:①转变教育观念、提高领导的重视。②完善相关政策的扶持和规划功能,发挥广西教育系统的主导作用。③完善《体育与健康教学大纲》内容,把气排球运动编入教材。④先确定气排球课程开设的试点学校,再逐渐扩散。⑤加强师资队伍的建设,提高体育教师的业务水平。⑥加大经费投入,改善场地器材,增强体育设施的利用价值,提高场地的利用率。⑦积极开展各种气排球比赛,以赛促发展。⑧加强宣传力度,提高师生对气排球的认识。⑨加强社会气排球运动与学校的连接。
"Comprehensive Plan for Fitness," pointed out that the broad mass sports activities, to fully exploit a variety of fitness suitable for mass sport, so that better health services for all.In this situation, the air quality volleyball ball with its soft texture, sphere and the light, slow speed, low difficulty, less injury, high-fun, entertaining, and health and economic consumption of high value features such as a variety of different groups of people in line with the Fitness entertainment needs of the masses by the favorite,and health and economic consumption of high value features such as a variety of different groups of people in line with the Fitness entertainment needs of the masses by the favorite. In recent years, Fujian, Henan, Guangxi, Gansu, Inner Mongolia and other places to carry out more air Volleyball is in full swing, minerals, bodies, units, community organizations such as different levels and the size of the gas volleyball competition. Especially in Guangxi, volleyball gas mass has been integrated into the lives of Guangxi, Guangxi has become a favorite of the public is one of fitness, Competition, scale, extensive coverage and can be said to all soldiers. In 2001, the country has promulgated the“physical education and health curriculum standards”made it clear to the reform of school physical education, take the“health first”and“people-oriented”as the guiding idea, and develop and carry out the emerging sport projects interested by students. With the emergence of gas volleyball, it should be one of physical education course and athletics activities. but instead. According to the survey, gas volleyball in primary and middle schools of Guangxi did not receive attention and develop,the reform of the existing physical education curriculum has not been carried out very good,Curricular content is not provided with a gas volleyball,As the training contents of extra-curricular activities, gas volleyball did not carry out enough, which did not accord with the development of gas volleyball sports in various fields of Guangxi.Therefore,In this article, many scientific research methods, such as literature method, questionnaire method, statistics, analytic method are used in the present investigation on development of gas volleyball sport situation and effect factors in 21 cities city middle schools of Guangxi. The research results are show as follow:
1. Gas volleyball in Guangxi has gone through three general stages of development, spring up, development,popularity and rapid development; gas volleyball in Guangxi developed well on the basis of the public fitness ,the number of participants became more and more,covering an area of broad, multi-game, large-scale ,high level; the development trend of gas volleyball in Guangxi gradual conversion to the competitive.
2. Non-school to open a gas volleyball courses, most schools did not carry out extra-curricular activities,some of the schools to carry out less universal, as well as in schools, carried out the gas volleyball match by students outside is not ideal.Gas volleyball sports lack of organization and guidance in extra-curricular activities, non-school organize a gas volleyball team. Few students understand gas volleyball, existing knowledge of gas volleyball main come from family, units and community. However, students are very interested in a higher degree of participation in gas volleyball sports,especially girls, but the main motive for participation in gas volleyball sport is fitness, entertainment and improving the level of technique sports.
3. Degrees, post title and teaching age structure of teacher team in the city middle schools of Guangxi is reasonable, educational background stratification is undergraduate degrees as the backbone, first order teachers more than half over, more than 10 year teaching age are also more than half, volleyball professional teachers is basically meet the needs of the development of gas volleyball sports. However, fewer training opportunities for teachers, the vast majority of teachers did not participate in gas volleyball training, less understanding of the development situation of gas volleyball. The majority of teacher lack of basic theory and practice, research capacity is weak.
4. Lack of venues and equipment, configuration is unreasonable, there are the phenomenon of resource waste, as well as the lack of funding. Students take part in the sports exercise in the hard volleyball venue, badminton courts or open space, which is basically meet the needs of the development of gas volleyball sports.
5. Main obstacles prevent gas volleyball sports further development: students, curriculum design and extra-curricular development.
6. Gas volleyball is more suitable for the characteristics and needs of physical and mental development of middle school students; Guangxi urban middle school sports facilities, funding and teacher forces to meet the basic the needs of the carry out of gas volleyball. The vast majority of experts, school leaders and sports teachers pay support and attention to u carrying out gas volleyball sport in the city middle schools of Guangxi. Gas volleyball sport accords with the interests and hobbies of the vast majority of students. National policies and physical education curriculum reformation forms provide with security and a broad space for development of gas volleyball in city middle schools of Guangxi. Gas volleyball sports have broad mass basis and favorable social environment, and it make up for the deficiency of rigid volleyball and accords with the actual needs of students. So we think it carried out the gas volleyball sports in city middle schools of Guangxi is feasible.
7. This paper gives the policy and suggestion for further development of gas volleyball by analyzing the problems that exist in the development of gas volleyball in city middle schools of Guangxi: (1) The guiding ideology of development: we must take the“health first”as the guiding idea; combine with curriculum standard as the guiding idea. (2) Developmental goal: developmental goal: curriculum design goal; developmental goal of extracurricular activity; developmental goal of venues and funding. (3) Developmental strategy:①Transforming education ideas, improve the attention of leadership.②Improving the support and planning functions from relevant policies, playing the dominant role of the Guangxi education system.③Improving the physical education and health teaching outline, let the gas volleyball sport into teaching book.④Choosing experimental school first and then gradually spread.⑤strengthen the building of teacher forces team, improving the professional level of teachers.⑥Increasing fund input, Improving venues and equipment, enhancing the use of the value of sports facilities and improving the utilization of space.⑦Active in a variety of gas volleyball to race and promote development.⑧Increasing the promotion of media, increasing the understanding of gas volleyball in the teachers and students.⑨Strengthen connections between mass gas volleyball with school.
1、气排球运动在广西大体经历了三个发展阶段,即兴起、开展普及与迅猛发展阶段;气排球运动在广西大众健身基础上发展情况较好,参与人数多、覆盖面积广、比赛多,规模大、水平高;广西气排球运动发展的趋势逐渐向竞技性转化。
2、广西城市中学没有开设气排球课程;大部分学校课外未开展气排球运动;学生课外参加气排球活动不容乐观;课外活动中缺乏组织和指导,处于比较松散的状态;校内、外组织比赛少;无一学校组织气排球队;学生对气排球认识不足;了解气排球运动主要从家庭、单位、社区等途径获得;学生气排球技术基础比较薄弱;大部分学生对气排球运动比较感兴趣,尤其是女生;学生参加气排球的动机主要是以健身、娱乐及提高运动技术水平为主要目的。
3、广西城市中学体育教师的学历、职称和教龄结构基本合理,年龄趋于年轻化,学历大多数是本科,一级教师以上的占一半以上,超过10年教龄的也占一半以上;学校均有排球专业教师,基本满足学校开展气排球运动的需要。教师参加专业培训较多,但参加气排球方面的培训较少;教师科研能力普遍较低。
4、学校气排球场地和数量缺乏;部分学校体育场地器材配备不够合理,个别地方还有资源浪费的现象,以及体育经费得不到保证或投入不足;大部分学校均有硬排场地、羽毛球场地及空地等,其基本满足气排球运动开展的需要。
5、影响广西城市中学气排球运动开展的主要因素有:学生因素;课程设置因素;课外开展因素。
6、气排球运动更适合中学生身心发展特点及需要;广西城市中学的体育设施、经费及师资现状基本满足气排球运动开展的需要;绝大多数专家、学校领导及体育教师对学校开展气排球运动给予支持和肯定;符合绝大多数学生的意愿;良好的政策环境和体育课改形式为气排球运动的开展创造了发展空间;有广泛的群众基础和良好的社会气排球环境;弥补硬排的不足,满足学生对娱乐排球的需要。鉴于此,本课题研究认为,在广西城市中学开展气排球运动是可行的。
7、本文结合广西城市中学气排球运动开展的现状、重要性及可行性分析来提出广西城市中学气排球运动发展构思。(1)发展的指导思想:必须坚持“健康第一”的指导思想;必须坚持与《课程标准》相结合的指导思想。(2)发展的目标:课程设置目标;课外活动发展目标;师资发展目标;场地、经费发展目标。(3)发展的对策:①转变教育观念、提高领导的重视。②完善相关政策的扶持和规划功能,发挥广西教育系统的主导作用。③完善《体育与健康教学大纲》内容,把气排球运动编入教材。④先确定气排球课程开设的试点学校,再逐渐扩散。⑤加强师资队伍的建设,提高体育教师的业务水平。⑥加大经费投入,改善场地器材,增强体育设施的利用价值,提高场地的利用率。⑦积极开展各种气排球比赛,以赛促发展。⑧加强宣传力度,提高师生对气排球的认识。⑨加强社会气排球运动与学校的连接。
"Comprehensive Plan for Fitness," pointed out that the broad mass sports activities, to fully exploit a variety of fitness suitable for mass sport, so that better health services for all.In this situation, the air quality volleyball ball with its soft texture, sphere and the light, slow speed, low difficulty, less injury, high-fun, entertaining, and health and economic consumption of high value features such as a variety of different groups of people in line with the Fitness entertainment needs of the masses by the favorite,and health and economic consumption of high value features such as a variety of different groups of people in line with the Fitness entertainment needs of the masses by the favorite. In recent years, Fujian, Henan, Guangxi, Gansu, Inner Mongolia and other places to carry out more air Volleyball is in full swing, minerals, bodies, units, community organizations such as different levels and the size of the gas volleyball competition. Especially in Guangxi, volleyball gas mass has been integrated into the lives of Guangxi, Guangxi has become a favorite of the public is one of fitness, Competition, scale, extensive coverage and can be said to all soldiers. In 2001, the country has promulgated the“physical education and health curriculum standards”made it clear to the reform of school physical education, take the“health first”and“people-oriented”as the guiding idea, and develop and carry out the emerging sport projects interested by students. With the emergence of gas volleyball, it should be one of physical education course and athletics activities. but instead. According to the survey, gas volleyball in primary and middle schools of Guangxi did not receive attention and develop,the reform of the existing physical education curriculum has not been carried out very good,Curricular content is not provided with a gas volleyball,As the training contents of extra-curricular activities, gas volleyball did not carry out enough, which did not accord with the development of gas volleyball sports in various fields of Guangxi.Therefore,In this article, many scientific research methods, such as literature method, questionnaire method, statistics, analytic method are used in the present investigation on development of gas volleyball sport situation and effect factors in 21 cities city middle schools of Guangxi. The research results are show as follow:
1. Gas volleyball in Guangxi has gone through three general stages of development, spring up, development,popularity and rapid development; gas volleyball in Guangxi developed well on the basis of the public fitness ,the number of participants became more and more,covering an area of broad, multi-game, large-scale ,high level; the development trend of gas volleyball in Guangxi gradual conversion to the competitive.
2. Non-school to open a gas volleyball courses, most schools did not carry out extra-curricular activities,some of the schools to carry out less universal, as well as in schools, carried out the gas volleyball match by students outside is not ideal.Gas volleyball sports lack of organization and guidance in extra-curricular activities, non-school organize a gas volleyball team. Few students understand gas volleyball, existing knowledge of gas volleyball main come from family, units and community. However, students are very interested in a higher degree of participation in gas volleyball sports,especially girls, but the main motive for participation in gas volleyball sport is fitness, entertainment and improving the level of technique sports.
3. Degrees, post title and teaching age structure of teacher team in the city middle schools of Guangxi is reasonable, educational background stratification is undergraduate degrees as the backbone, first order teachers more than half over, more than 10 year teaching age are also more than half, volleyball professional teachers is basically meet the needs of the development of gas volleyball sports. However, fewer training opportunities for teachers, the vast majority of teachers did not participate in gas volleyball training, less understanding of the development situation of gas volleyball. The majority of teacher lack of basic theory and practice, research capacity is weak.
4. Lack of venues and equipment, configuration is unreasonable, there are the phenomenon of resource waste, as well as the lack of funding. Students take part in the sports exercise in the hard volleyball venue, badminton courts or open space, which is basically meet the needs of the development of gas volleyball sports.
5. Main obstacles prevent gas volleyball sports further development: students, curriculum design and extra-curricular development.
6. Gas volleyball is more suitable for the characteristics and needs of physical and mental development of middle school students; Guangxi urban middle school sports facilities, funding and teacher forces to meet the basic the needs of the carry out of gas volleyball. The vast majority of experts, school leaders and sports teachers pay support and attention to u carrying out gas volleyball sport in the city middle schools of Guangxi. Gas volleyball sport accords with the interests and hobbies of the vast majority of students. National policies and physical education curriculum reformation forms provide with security and a broad space for development of gas volleyball in city middle schools of Guangxi. Gas volleyball sports have broad mass basis and favorable social environment, and it make up for the deficiency of rigid volleyball and accords with the actual needs of students. So we think it carried out the gas volleyball sports in city middle schools of Guangxi is feasible.
7. This paper gives the policy and suggestion for further development of gas volleyball by analyzing the problems that exist in the development of gas volleyball in city middle schools of Guangxi: (1) The guiding ideology of development: we must take the“health first”as the guiding idea; combine with curriculum standard as the guiding idea. (2) Developmental goal: developmental goal: curriculum design goal; developmental goal of extracurricular activity; developmental goal of venues and funding. (3) Developmental strategy:①Transforming education ideas, improve the attention of leadership.②Improving the support and planning functions from relevant policies, playing the dominant role of the Guangxi education system.③Improving the physical education and health teaching outline, let the gas volleyball sport into teaching book.④Choosing experimental school first and then gradually spread.⑤strengthen the building of teacher forces team, improving the professional level of teachers.⑥Increasing fund input, Improving venues and equipment, enhancing the use of the value of sports facilities and improving the utilization of space.⑦Active in a variety of gas volleyball to race and promote development.⑧Increasing the promotion of media, increasing the understanding of gas volleyball in the teachers and students.⑨Strengthen connections between mass gas volleyball with school.
引文
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[2]同上
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[1]季平,蔡志源.论我国创新的气排球之特性与展望[J].漳州师范学院学报(自然科学版) ,2002,(1):77-79.
[2]季平,蔡志源.气排球的技术含量与比赛规则研究[J].漳州师范学院学报(自然科学版) ,2003,16(2):84-87.
[3]仝茂华.对新兴娱乐体育项目-----气排球运动的研究[J].湖北体育科技,2003(3):378 -379.
[4]蒙军.论广西高校开展气排球运动的现状与对策研究[J].知识经济报,2008(5):140- 141.
[5]蔡志源.创新的气排球[J].解放军体育学院学报,2004,23(2).67-68.
[6]林永铭.气排球运动的健身观测[J].福建体育科技,2001(3):29-42.
[7]赵植忠.关于气排球的价值思考与实践[J].重庆教育学院学报,2007(3):116-117.
[8]杨峰.新兴的气排球运动[J].中国排球,1996,(1):23-24.
[9]林峰,叶宝华.全民健身与体育文化视角下的气排球研究[J].体育科学研究,2007,11(3 ):24-26
[10]门志强.浅谈气排球比赛[J].内蒙古教育学院学报,1999(4): 18-20.
[11]梁益军.高等学校公共体育开设气排球的可行性研究[J],北京体育大学学报.2007.30(2):369-370.
[12]蒙军,李荣娟.论广西高校开展气排球运动的现状与对策研究[J],知识经济.2008(5):140-141.
[13]黄阿海.论气排球运动创新特色及在高校的推广[J].漳州师范学院学报,2006,5(33):67-68
[14]陈金雄.高校推广气排球运动的探讨[J].梧州学院学报,2007,12(6):95-97.
[15]吴致富.浅谈气排球运动的价值[J].卫生职业教育,2008,17
[16]刘永祥,郑华伟.我国气排球运动社会化进程中存在的问题与发展对策[J].西昌学院学报(自然科学版),2008,22(2):119-122.
[17]王焱.传媒对我国群众性排球运动普及推广的影响[J].福建工程学院学报,2005,(34) :201-204
[18]蔡志源.我国创新的气排球与项目展望[J].北京体育大学学报,2003,26(6):849-850.
[19]黄阿海.论气排球创新特色及在高校的推广[J].漳州师范学院学
[20]李颂国.气排球运动风靡南宁之原因的调查与分析[J].中国校外教育,2008(8):113.
[21]方桂娥.浅谈娱乐排球运动的特点与发展趋势[J].新西部,2007,(4):67-68.
[22]姚鲆,吴志鹉.气排球运动在全民健身中的作用与推广[J].体育科学研究,2007,11(2) :25-27
[23]季平.国产气排球品牌及其与体育文化的互动[J].广东培正学院学报,2008,8(1):69-72.
[24]徐芳.对高校开设气排球课程的可行性研究[J].内蒙古体育科技,2008,21(1):95-96.
[25]蔡志源.气排球的基本技术、战术研究[J].北京体育大学学报,2005(2):228.
[26]赵植忠.关于气排球的价值思考与实践[J].重庆教育学院学报,2007,20(3),116-120.
[27]肖华富.浅谈青少年的生理、心理特点与体育[J].四川师范大学学报(自然科学版),19 92,15(5):131-136.
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