天津市区暴雨径流模拟模型的研究
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摘要
天津市区地处海河干流汇流区,近年来随着城市规模的不断扩大,城市防洪排涝问题越来越突出,严重危害了城市居民的生命和财产安全,在很大程度上制约了城市的经济和社会发展。对城市的暴雨径流进行模拟计算,可以分析和预报城市的雨洪灾害,提高城市雨洪管理的效率,从而最大限度的减少暴雨洪水带来的危害。因此,本文在充分研究天津市区降雨径流规律后,针对天津城市防洪排涝的需要,建立了天津市区暴雨径流模拟模型,为天津的城市防洪提供有价值的参考。
本文将PCSWM应用于天津市区暴雨径流的模拟计算,主要对以下四个方面的内容进行了深入研究:
(1)总结了天津市区暴雨洪水的基本特征。在分析城市化对天津市区暴雨径流影响的基础上,本文结合天津市区和郊区水文站的降雨径流资料,总结了天津市区暴雨洪水的基本特征,并得出天津市区暴雨洪水的基本变化规律。
(2)建立了模型信息数据库。对天津市区的基本资料进行提取和研究后,建立了模型信息数据库,并着重介绍了建立数据库的三个步骤:下垫面信息提取、子流域概化和管网概化,并对各个步骤采用的方法做了详细的介绍。
(3)建立了天津市区暴雨径流模拟模型。通过对比分析国内外现有的城市暴雨径流模拟方法,结合天津市区的气象、水文、水力等各方面的资料,构建了基于PCSWMM的天津市区暴雨径流模拟模型。该模型把暴雨径流的汇集过程分为地表产流子系统、地表汇流子系统和径流传输子系统三部分,从而模拟出完整的城市暴雨径流过程。
(4)进行了天津市区暴雨径流的模拟计算。本文利用天津市区比较有代表性的10次暴雨过程的实测资料,进行了市区暴雨洪水的模拟计算。并通过参数率定和模型验证,获得了符合天津市区特征的模型参数。
模拟结果表明,该模型对于城市暴雨径流的模拟具有较好的效果,合格率达到了90%,这说明该模型是可行的、可靠的,在研究区域具有很好的适用性,完全可以用于天津市区暴雨径流的模拟计算。特别是该模型对于百毫米级暴雨径流的模拟的效果最好,合格率达到了100%,这对于城市防洪排涝有着特殊的意义。
Tianjin urban district is located in the Haihe River main flow concentration area. With the scale continuously expands in recent years, the problem of city flood control and waterlogging is more and more serious. It is big threat to lives and properties of urban resident, and having restricted the city’s economic and social development to a great extent. Simulation on the city storm runoff can analyse and forecast the city storms and floods hazard, improve the efficiency of storms and floods management, greatly decrease the damage resulted from storm flood thereby. Therefore, after the sufficient study of storm runoff law and flood control demands in Tianjin urban district, we established the simulation model of storm runoff in Tianjin urban district in this paper. The model can provide valuable reference for city’s flood control and waterlogging.
In this paper, PCSWMM was applied to simulate and calculate the storm runoff of Tianjin urban district, and the main study contents are as follows.
(1) Summed up the basic features of storm flood in Tianjin urban district. On the basis of data, we analyzed the characteristics of storm runoff after urbanization and obtained the basic features of storm flood and the changing law of storm flood in Tianjin urban district.
(2) Established the model information data base. The database contains the basic data of Tianjin urban district. In this paper, we detailedly discussed the three processes of establishing the model, including abstracting the underlying surfaces information, simplifying the sub-basins and conduit network, and explained the method in detail.
(3) Established the simulation model on storm runoff in Tianjin urban district. In this paper, after analyzing the method of storm runoff simulation and the meteorological, hydrological and hydraulics data of Tianjin urban district, we established the simulation model on storm runoff based on the PCSWMM. The model contained three systems, including the ground runoff yield system, and the ground flow concentration system and the conduit network transportation system, which constitute the integrated storm runoff process.
(4) Simulated the storm runoff in Tianjin urban district. We used the data of the ten representative storms to simulate the storm runoff in this paper. And by calibrating the parameter and verifying the model, we obtained the parameters which are suitable for the features of Tianjin.
It is shown in the simulation that the model has high efficacy in modeling the urban storm runoff, and the qualified rate can reach 90%, which indicated the model is feasible and reliable, and its good performance implies it can be applied in the simulation calculation in Tianjin. Particularly, when simulated the storms more than one hundred millimeters, the efficacy is highest, can reach 100%, which is of great significance to the city’s flood control and waterlogging.
本文将PCSWM应用于天津市区暴雨径流的模拟计算,主要对以下四个方面的内容进行了深入研究:
(1)总结了天津市区暴雨洪水的基本特征。在分析城市化对天津市区暴雨径流影响的基础上,本文结合天津市区和郊区水文站的降雨径流资料,总结了天津市区暴雨洪水的基本特征,并得出天津市区暴雨洪水的基本变化规律。
(2)建立了模型信息数据库。对天津市区的基本资料进行提取和研究后,建立了模型信息数据库,并着重介绍了建立数据库的三个步骤:下垫面信息提取、子流域概化和管网概化,并对各个步骤采用的方法做了详细的介绍。
(3)建立了天津市区暴雨径流模拟模型。通过对比分析国内外现有的城市暴雨径流模拟方法,结合天津市区的气象、水文、水力等各方面的资料,构建了基于PCSWMM的天津市区暴雨径流模拟模型。该模型把暴雨径流的汇集过程分为地表产流子系统、地表汇流子系统和径流传输子系统三部分,从而模拟出完整的城市暴雨径流过程。
(4)进行了天津市区暴雨径流的模拟计算。本文利用天津市区比较有代表性的10次暴雨过程的实测资料,进行了市区暴雨洪水的模拟计算。并通过参数率定和模型验证,获得了符合天津市区特征的模型参数。
模拟结果表明,该模型对于城市暴雨径流的模拟具有较好的效果,合格率达到了90%,这说明该模型是可行的、可靠的,在研究区域具有很好的适用性,完全可以用于天津市区暴雨径流的模拟计算。特别是该模型对于百毫米级暴雨径流的模拟的效果最好,合格率达到了100%,这对于城市防洪排涝有着特殊的意义。
Tianjin urban district is located in the Haihe River main flow concentration area. With the scale continuously expands in recent years, the problem of city flood control and waterlogging is more and more serious. It is big threat to lives and properties of urban resident, and having restricted the city’s economic and social development to a great extent. Simulation on the city storm runoff can analyse and forecast the city storms and floods hazard, improve the efficiency of storms and floods management, greatly decrease the damage resulted from storm flood thereby. Therefore, after the sufficient study of storm runoff law and flood control demands in Tianjin urban district, we established the simulation model of storm runoff in Tianjin urban district in this paper. The model can provide valuable reference for city’s flood control and waterlogging.
In this paper, PCSWMM was applied to simulate and calculate the storm runoff of Tianjin urban district, and the main study contents are as follows.
(1) Summed up the basic features of storm flood in Tianjin urban district. On the basis of data, we analyzed the characteristics of storm runoff after urbanization and obtained the basic features of storm flood and the changing law of storm flood in Tianjin urban district.
(2) Established the model information data base. The database contains the basic data of Tianjin urban district. In this paper, we detailedly discussed the three processes of establishing the model, including abstracting the underlying surfaces information, simplifying the sub-basins and conduit network, and explained the method in detail.
(3) Established the simulation model on storm runoff in Tianjin urban district. In this paper, after analyzing the method of storm runoff simulation and the meteorological, hydrological and hydraulics data of Tianjin urban district, we established the simulation model on storm runoff based on the PCSWMM. The model contained three systems, including the ground runoff yield system, and the ground flow concentration system and the conduit network transportation system, which constitute the integrated storm runoff process.
(4) Simulated the storm runoff in Tianjin urban district. We used the data of the ten representative storms to simulate the storm runoff in this paper. And by calibrating the parameter and verifying the model, we obtained the parameters which are suitable for the features of Tianjin.
It is shown in the simulation that the model has high efficacy in modeling the urban storm runoff, and the qualified rate can reach 90%, which indicated the model is feasible and reliable, and its good performance implies it can be applied in the simulation calculation in Tianjin. Particularly, when simulated the storms more than one hundred millimeters, the efficacy is highest, can reach 100%, which is of great significance to the city’s flood control and waterlogging.
引文
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[6]王萍,郑悦华.城市化进程对中国大城市降雨特性影响研究[J].中国人口资源与环境, 2002(10):36-38
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