基于FPGA的GPS芯片验证与实现研究
摘要
本文讲述了GPS芯片验证平台的实现方案,以及通过FPGA原型验证平台实现芯片的功能验证,并在验证过程中优化芯片设计代码、完善芯片设计方案。其中主要讲述了FPGA芯片和处理器芯片的选型过程;验证平台中重要信号的保护和处理方法;软件硬件联合验证的实现方案及定制FPGA与ARM芯片之间通信协议;通过FPGA平台实现芯片基带信号处理的功能验证,从而发现潜在的设计缺陷,并研究GPS芯片定位的实现方案,提出更优的解决方法;通过ARM处理器实现芯片内集成处理器的片上验证,测试定位精确度和灵敏度;在验证中完善测试用例,并对测试结果进行分析,完善芯片的设计,提高芯片的性能。
This article mainly about the realization of the verification program for the GPS chip platform . Through the FPGA prototype chip platform to verify the functional verification .During the verification optimization chip design code and improvement chip design . This article mainly focuses on the FPGA chip processor and the chip Process Selection, authentication of protection and treatment important signal, the joint verification of hardware-software program and custom the communication protocol between FPGA and ARM chip . With FPGA platform to verification the chip baseband signal processing functions . Identifing potential design flaws, Researching on GPS positioning program, Proposing better solutions . ARM processor chip used to achieve verification for the integration within the processor chip . Test positioning accuracy and sensitivity , verification in the perfect test case , analysisation the results, perfectation the chip design , improvation the chip performance.
This article mainly about the realization of the verification program for the GPS chip platform . Through the FPGA prototype chip platform to verify the functional verification .During the verification optimization chip design code and improvement chip design . This article mainly focuses on the FPGA chip processor and the chip Process Selection, authentication of protection and treatment important signal, the joint verification of hardware-software program and custom the communication protocol between FPGA and ARM chip . With FPGA platform to verification the chip baseband signal processing functions . Identifing potential design flaws, Researching on GPS positioning program, Proposing better solutions . ARM processor chip used to achieve verification for the integration within the processor chip . Test positioning accuracy and sensitivity , verification in the perfect test case , analysisation the results, perfectation the chip design , improvation the chip performance.
引文
[1]孙天泽,袁文菊.《嵌入式设计及Linux驱动开发指——基于ARM9处理器(第二版)》[M].北京:电子工业出版社.2007.1
[2]周立功,陈明计,陈渝.《ARM嵌入式Linux系统构建与驱动开发范例》[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社.2006.8
[3]孙纪坤,张小全.《嵌入式Linux系统开发技术详解——基于ARM》IM].北京:人民邮电出版社.2006.8
[4]袁建平,罗建军,岳晓奎,方群.《卫星导航原理与应用》[M].北京:中国宇航出版社2004,
[5]魏洪兴,胡亮,曲学楼.《嵌入式系统设计与实例开发试验教材Ⅱ——基于ARM9位处理器与Linux操作系统》[M].北京:清华大学出版社.2005.12
[6]何宗键.《Windows CE嵌入式系统》[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社.2006.9
[7]薛小刚,葛毅敏.《Xilinx ISE 9.X FPGA/CPLD设计指南》[M].北京:人民邮电出版社.2007.8
[8]华清远见嵌入式培训中心《嵌入式Linux C语言应用程序设计》[M].北京:人民邮电出版社.2007.7
[9]黄智伟《FPGA系统设计与实践》[M].北京:电子工业出版社.2005.1
[10](美)迈耶-贝斯(Meyeer-Baese),刘凌(译)《数字信号处理的FPGA实现(第二版)》[M].北京:清华大学出版社.2006.6
[11]冼进,戴仙金,潘懿萱.《Verilog HDL数字控制系统设计实例》[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社.2007
[12]吴继华、王诚.《设计与验证Verilog HDL))[M].北京:人民邮电出版社.2006,8
[13]丰玉田,付宇卓,赵峰.《大规模SoC设计中的高效FPGA验证技术的研究与实现》[J].《电子应用技术》2006年第2期
[14]谢长生,徐睿.《FPGA在ASIC设计流程中的应用》[J].《微电子技术》2001年12月第6期
[15]赵鹏,朱正学,李金才.《SoC系统开发从实践到提高》[M].北京:中国电力出版社.2007年6月
[16]刘基余.《GPS卫星导航定位原理和方法》[M].北京:科学出版社,2003
[17]巴晓辉,李金海,陈杰.世界主流GPS芯片介绍[EB/OL].[2007-5-7].http://www.edires.net/special/5284.html
[18]张衍阁.GPS芯片一个产业的兴起[EB/OL].[2007-04-22].http://xa.yesky.com/124/3263624.shtml
[19]李建昌,赵博生,鲍胜荣,钟锐.基于ARM7TDMI的SoC芯片的FPGA验证平台设计[J].电子工程师.第9期第30卷
[20]Forrest Couch.A New Era of Signal Processing[EB/OL].[2007-10-22].http://china.xilinx.com/support/Doeumentation /index.htm
[21]Meena Das.Accelerating System Development Cycles with the Radar Blockset Library[EB/OL].[2007-11-12].http://china.xilinx.com/support/documentation/index.htm
[22]Kim Goldblatt.Adapting ASIC Designs for Use with Spartan FPGAs[EB/OL].[2007-11-14].http://china.xilinx.com/support/documentation/index.htm
[23]Tom Hill.Automatic IP Block Selection with IP-Explorer Technology[EB/OL].[2007-10-22].http://china.xilinx.com/support/documentation/index.htm
[24]Lan King.Capturing Data from Gigasample Analog-to-Digital Converters[EB/OL].[2006-07-11]. http://china.xilinx.com/support/documentation/index.htm
[25]Richard Wawrzyniak.Changing the Systems Landscape with Low-Cost FPGAs[EB/OL].[2005-04-25].http://china.xilinx.com/support/documentation/index.htm
[26]Steve Zack.DSP Co-Processing in FPGAs[EB/OL].[2007-11-14].http://china.xilinx.com/support/doeumentation/index.htm
[27]Gokul Krishnan.EasyPath FPGAs Beat ASIC Pricse[EB/OL].[2005-01-13].http://china.xilinx.com/support/documentation/index.htm
[28]Sriram R.Chelluri.Enabling Multi-Port 1 Gbps and 10 Gbps TCP-iSCSI Protocol Offload Solutions[EB/OL].[2006-12-12].http://china.xilinx.com/support/documentation/index.htm
[29]Ando Ki.FPGA-Based Simulation for Rapid Prototyping[EB/OL].[2007-07-30].http://china.xilinx.com/support/documentation/index.htm
[30]Frank Toth.Get the EasyPath Solution[EB/OL].[2003-03-17].http://china.xilinx.com/support/documentation/index.htm
[31]Shelly Davis.IBM Licenses Embedded FPGA Cores from Xilinx for Use in SoC ASICs [EB/OL].[2007-11-14].http://china.xilinx.com/support/documentation/index.htm
[32]Sabine Lam.Implementing DSP Algorithms in FPGAs[EB/OL].[2004-09-17].http://china.xilinx.com/support/documentation/index.htm
[33]Luc Langlois.Interfacing Simulink to the Analog World[EB/OL].[2004-10-20].http://china.xilinx.com/support/documentation/index.htm
[34]ChangNing Sun.Nucleus for Xilinx FPGAs-A New Platform for Embedded System Design [EB/OL].[2004-07-20].http://china.xilinx.com/support/documentation/index.htm
[35]Kon Karnofsky.Simulink Brings Model-Based Design to Embedded Signal Processing [EB/OL].[2004-10-20].http://china.xilinx.com/support/documentation/index.htm
[36]Manuel Uhm.Software-Defined Radio[EB/OL].[2006-04-17].http://china.xilinx.com/support/documentation/index.htm
[37]Steve Kruse.Transforming Software to Silicon[EB/OL].[2006-07-24].http://china.xilinx.com/support/documentation/index.htm
[38]Warren Miller.Using DSPs and FPGAs in a Doppler Measurement System[EB/OL].[2005-03-07].http://china.xilinx.com/support/documentation/index.htm
[39]Luc Langlois.Virtex-5 FPGA Techniques for High-Performance Data Converters[EB/OL].[2007-07-30].http://china.xilinx.com/support/documentation/index.htm
[40]Sanjai Kohli,Steven ChenSpread.spectrum receiver with fast signal reacquisition:U.S.,5901171[p].May 4,1999.
[41]Sanjai Kohli,Charles R.Cahn.Multipath processing for GPS receivers:U.S.,6466612[p].Oct 15,2002.
[42]Sanjai Kohli,Steven Chen.Spread spectrum receiver with fast signal reacquisition:U.S.,5897605[p].Apr 27,1999.
[43]Sanjai Kohli,Greg Turetzky.GPS receiver:U.S.,6018704[p].Jan 25,2000.
[44]William Thomas Hatfieid,Abdallah Mahmoud Itani,William Macomber Leue.Methods and apparatus for generating test vectors and validating ASIC designs: U.S., 5920830 [p]. Jul 6,1999.
[45] Darlene Shei, Jiurong Cheng. Configuration management and automated test system ASIC design software: U.S.,5703788[p]. Dec 30, 1997.
[46] Richard L. Traber, Li-Jau Yang. Automatic activation of ASIC test mode: U.S., 6851080 [p]. Feb 1,2005.
[47] Michael Thomas Fragano, Jeffery Howard Oppold, Michael Richard Ouellette, Jeremy Paul Rowland. Self-Test pattern to detect stuck open faults: U.S., 6442085 [p]. Aug 27,2002.
[48] JAMES BAO-YEN TSUI .Fundamentals of Global Positioning System Receivers-a software approach, Wiley InterScience 2005
[49] Kee C.and B.W.Parkinson.Calibration of Multipath Errors on GPS PseudorangeMeasurements.ProceedingsofIONGPS-94,SaltLakeCity,September20-23,1994:353
[50] Elliott D.Kaplan, Christopher J.Hegarty. Understanding GPS Principles and Applications , Artech House . 2006
[2]周立功,陈明计,陈渝.《ARM嵌入式Linux系统构建与驱动开发范例》[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社.2006.8
[3]孙纪坤,张小全.《嵌入式Linux系统开发技术详解——基于ARM》IM].北京:人民邮电出版社.2006.8
[4]袁建平,罗建军,岳晓奎,方群.《卫星导航原理与应用》[M].北京:中国宇航出版社2004,
[5]魏洪兴,胡亮,曲学楼.《嵌入式系统设计与实例开发试验教材Ⅱ——基于ARM9位处理器与Linux操作系统》[M].北京:清华大学出版社.2005.12
[6]何宗键.《Windows CE嵌入式系统》[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社.2006.9
[7]薛小刚,葛毅敏.《Xilinx ISE 9.X FPGA/CPLD设计指南》[M].北京:人民邮电出版社.2007.8
[8]华清远见嵌入式培训中心《嵌入式Linux C语言应用程序设计》[M].北京:人民邮电出版社.2007.7
[9]黄智伟《FPGA系统设计与实践》[M].北京:电子工业出版社.2005.1
[10](美)迈耶-贝斯(Meyeer-Baese),刘凌(译)《数字信号处理的FPGA实现(第二版)》[M].北京:清华大学出版社.2006.6
[11]冼进,戴仙金,潘懿萱.《Verilog HDL数字控制系统设计实例》[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社.2007
[12]吴继华、王诚.《设计与验证Verilog HDL))[M].北京:人民邮电出版社.2006,8
[13]丰玉田,付宇卓,赵峰.《大规模SoC设计中的高效FPGA验证技术的研究与实现》[J].《电子应用技术》2006年第2期
[14]谢长生,徐睿.《FPGA在ASIC设计流程中的应用》[J].《微电子技术》2001年12月第6期
[15]赵鹏,朱正学,李金才.《SoC系统开发从实践到提高》[M].北京:中国电力出版社.2007年6月
[16]刘基余.《GPS卫星导航定位原理和方法》[M].北京:科学出版社,2003
[17]巴晓辉,李金海,陈杰.世界主流GPS芯片介绍[EB/OL].[2007-5-7].http://www.edires.net/special/5284.html
[18]张衍阁.GPS芯片一个产业的兴起[EB/OL].[2007-04-22].http://xa.yesky.com/124/3263624.shtml
[19]李建昌,赵博生,鲍胜荣,钟锐.基于ARM7TDMI的SoC芯片的FPGA验证平台设计[J].电子工程师.第9期第30卷
[20]Forrest Couch.A New Era of Signal Processing[EB/OL].[2007-10-22].http://china.xilinx.com/support/Doeumentation /index.htm
[21]Meena Das.Accelerating System Development Cycles with the Radar Blockset Library[EB/OL].[2007-11-12].http://china.xilinx.com/support/documentation/index.htm
[22]Kim Goldblatt.Adapting ASIC Designs for Use with Spartan FPGAs[EB/OL].[2007-11-14].http://china.xilinx.com/support/documentation/index.htm
[23]Tom Hill.Automatic IP Block Selection with IP-Explorer Technology[EB/OL].[2007-10-22].http://china.xilinx.com/support/documentation/index.htm
[24]Lan King.Capturing Data from Gigasample Analog-to-Digital Converters[EB/OL].[2006-07-11]. http://china.xilinx.com/support/documentation/index.htm
[25]Richard Wawrzyniak.Changing the Systems Landscape with Low-Cost FPGAs[EB/OL].[2005-04-25].http://china.xilinx.com/support/documentation/index.htm
[26]Steve Zack.DSP Co-Processing in FPGAs[EB/OL].[2007-11-14].http://china.xilinx.com/support/doeumentation/index.htm
[27]Gokul Krishnan.EasyPath FPGAs Beat ASIC Pricse[EB/OL].[2005-01-13].http://china.xilinx.com/support/documentation/index.htm
[28]Sriram R.Chelluri.Enabling Multi-Port 1 Gbps and 10 Gbps TCP-iSCSI Protocol Offload Solutions[EB/OL].[2006-12-12].http://china.xilinx.com/support/documentation/index.htm
[29]Ando Ki.FPGA-Based Simulation for Rapid Prototyping[EB/OL].[2007-07-30].http://china.xilinx.com/support/documentation/index.htm
[30]Frank Toth.Get the EasyPath Solution[EB/OL].[2003-03-17].http://china.xilinx.com/support/documentation/index.htm
[31]Shelly Davis.IBM Licenses Embedded FPGA Cores from Xilinx for Use in SoC ASICs [EB/OL].[2007-11-14].http://china.xilinx.com/support/documentation/index.htm
[32]Sabine Lam.Implementing DSP Algorithms in FPGAs[EB/OL].[2004-09-17].http://china.xilinx.com/support/documentation/index.htm
[33]Luc Langlois.Interfacing Simulink to the Analog World[EB/OL].[2004-10-20].http://china.xilinx.com/support/documentation/index.htm
[34]ChangNing Sun.Nucleus for Xilinx FPGAs-A New Platform for Embedded System Design [EB/OL].[2004-07-20].http://china.xilinx.com/support/documentation/index.htm
[35]Kon Karnofsky.Simulink Brings Model-Based Design to Embedded Signal Processing [EB/OL].[2004-10-20].http://china.xilinx.com/support/documentation/index.htm
[36]Manuel Uhm.Software-Defined Radio[EB/OL].[2006-04-17].http://china.xilinx.com/support/documentation/index.htm
[37]Steve Kruse.Transforming Software to Silicon[EB/OL].[2006-07-24].http://china.xilinx.com/support/documentation/index.htm
[38]Warren Miller.Using DSPs and FPGAs in a Doppler Measurement System[EB/OL].[2005-03-07].http://china.xilinx.com/support/documentation/index.htm
[39]Luc Langlois.Virtex-5 FPGA Techniques for High-Performance Data Converters[EB/OL].[2007-07-30].http://china.xilinx.com/support/documentation/index.htm
[40]Sanjai Kohli,Steven ChenSpread.spectrum receiver with fast signal reacquisition:U.S.,5901171[p].May 4,1999.
[41]Sanjai Kohli,Charles R.Cahn.Multipath processing for GPS receivers:U.S.,6466612[p].Oct 15,2002.
[42]Sanjai Kohli,Steven Chen.Spread spectrum receiver with fast signal reacquisition:U.S.,5897605[p].Apr 27,1999.
[43]Sanjai Kohli,Greg Turetzky.GPS receiver:U.S.,6018704[p].Jan 25,2000.
[44]William Thomas Hatfieid,Abdallah Mahmoud Itani,William Macomber Leue.Methods and apparatus for generating test vectors and validating ASIC designs: U.S., 5920830 [p]. Jul 6,1999.
[45] Darlene Shei, Jiurong Cheng. Configuration management and automated test system ASIC design software: U.S.,5703788[p]. Dec 30, 1997.
[46] Richard L. Traber, Li-Jau Yang. Automatic activation of ASIC test mode: U.S., 6851080 [p]. Feb 1,2005.
[47] Michael Thomas Fragano, Jeffery Howard Oppold, Michael Richard Ouellette, Jeremy Paul Rowland. Self-Test pattern to detect stuck open faults: U.S., 6442085 [p]. Aug 27,2002.
[48] JAMES BAO-YEN TSUI .Fundamentals of Global Positioning System Receivers-a software approach, Wiley InterScience 2005
[49] Kee C.and B.W.Parkinson.Calibration of Multipath Errors on GPS PseudorangeMeasurements.ProceedingsofIONGPS-94,SaltLakeCity,September20-23,1994:353
[50] Elliott D.Kaplan, Christopher J.Hegarty. Understanding GPS Principles and Applications , Artech House . 2006