翻译杂合现象研究
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摘要
“杂合”这一概念最先运用于自然科学领域,后来逐渐扩展到语言学、文学批评和文化研究等社会科学领域,但其基本含义保留了下来。杂合指两个不同种类的事物相杂交而产生的新事物,该事物既继承了原有事物双方的特点,又有一些属于它自己的新特点。
在翻译研究中,杂合用来描述译文同时包含原语语言、文化和文学成分和译语语言、文化、文学成分的这一特点。杂合译文是不可避免的,其一是因为译者在翻译过程中受到了双重制约,双方的成分都会在译文中得到保留。二是读者的期待,多数读者在阅读文本前就知道自己所阅读的是外国作品,因此有着不同于读本土原创的期待。而杂合译文的产生可以促进文化交流和丰富及优化目的语。
从翻译策略来看,译文杂合度的高低与异化策略的使用有关,杂合度必须在接受的范围内。本文还对杂合度产生的因素进行分析。这些因素主要指赞助人,意识形态及诗学。
最后,本文通过《围城》的英译本为例,从语言和文化的角度分析了其中的例子,说明杂合使读者更好的体会和领略异国风味。最后分析了影响《围城》英译杂合度的因素。
The word "hybridity" was first applied in various fields of natural science and then extends to linguistics, literary criticism, cultural research and other social science fields. The basic meaning of the term is reserved.
In translation studies, hybridity is adopted to describe translated version that containing linguistic, cultural and literature elements from both the source text and target text. Hybridity in translation makes the version different from creation.
The occurrence of hybridity in translation is inevitable for the translator will run into double constraints from elements of the involved parties, which include linguistic, cultural and literature elements. From this extent, it can be said that all the translated versions are hybrid. The emergences of hybridity in translation can promote cultural communication as well as enrich and optimize the target language culture.
From the perspective of translation strategies, degree of hybridity lies in the amount of foreignness. However, the degree should be kept in an appropriate rate. This thesis also analyzes factors that influence degree of hybridity in translation from the aspects of patronage, ideology and poetics as well.
In the final part, Fortress Besieged is selected as a case for the study of hybridity from the perspective of language and culture. Furthermore, the thesis also explains factors that may influence the degree of hybridity in Fortress Besieged.
在翻译研究中,杂合用来描述译文同时包含原语语言、文化和文学成分和译语语言、文化、文学成分的这一特点。杂合译文是不可避免的,其一是因为译者在翻译过程中受到了双重制约,双方的成分都会在译文中得到保留。二是读者的期待,多数读者在阅读文本前就知道自己所阅读的是外国作品,因此有着不同于读本土原创的期待。而杂合译文的产生可以促进文化交流和丰富及优化目的语。
从翻译策略来看,译文杂合度的高低与异化策略的使用有关,杂合度必须在接受的范围内。本文还对杂合度产生的因素进行分析。这些因素主要指赞助人,意识形态及诗学。
最后,本文通过《围城》的英译本为例,从语言和文化的角度分析了其中的例子,说明杂合使读者更好的体会和领略异国风味。最后分析了影响《围城》英译杂合度的因素。
The word "hybridity" was first applied in various fields of natural science and then extends to linguistics, literary criticism, cultural research and other social science fields. The basic meaning of the term is reserved.
In translation studies, hybridity is adopted to describe translated version that containing linguistic, cultural and literature elements from both the source text and target text. Hybridity in translation makes the version different from creation.
The occurrence of hybridity in translation is inevitable for the translator will run into double constraints from elements of the involved parties, which include linguistic, cultural and literature elements. From this extent, it can be said that all the translated versions are hybrid. The emergences of hybridity in translation can promote cultural communication as well as enrich and optimize the target language culture.
From the perspective of translation strategies, degree of hybridity lies in the amount of foreignness. However, the degree should be kept in an appropriate rate. This thesis also analyzes factors that influence degree of hybridity in translation from the aspects of patronage, ideology and poetics as well.
In the final part, Fortress Besieged is selected as a case for the study of hybridity from the perspective of language and culture. Furthermore, the thesis also explains factors that may influence the degree of hybridity in Fortress Besieged.
引文
Ashcroft, B., Griffiths, G and Tiffin, H.,2003. Post-Colonial Studies:The Key Concepts. London:Routledge.
Bassnett, Susan & Lefevere, Andre,2001. Constructing Cultures:Essays on Literary Translation. Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Bakhtin, Mikhail,1981.The Dialogic Imagination. Trans. Emerson Caryl and etc. Austin:University of Texas University.
Baugh A.C.,2001. A History of the English Language. Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.
Berman, Antoine,1992. The Experience of the Foreign. New York:State University of New York Press.
Bhabha, Homi.K.,1994. The Location of Culture. London and New York: Roultedge.
Hermans, Theo,1995.Translation as Intercultural Communication: Selected Papers from the EST Congress--Prague 1995. Amsterdam/ Philadelphia:John Benjamin Publishing Company.
Hsia, Chih-Tsing,1961. A History of Modern Chinese Fiction. New Haven and London:Yale University Press.
Hsia, Chih-Tsing,1971.Twentieth—Century Chinese Stories. New York & London:Columbia University Press.
Kelly, J.& Mao, N. K.,2003.Fortress Besieged. Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.
Lefevere, Andre,1992a/2004a. Translation, Rewriting and the Manipulation of Literary Fame. Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Lefevere, Andre,1992b/2004b. Translation/History/Culture:A Sourcebook. Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Lorenz, Sabine,1991. Interculturality and the Historical Study of Literary Translation. Berlin:E. Schmidt.
Munday,2000. Introducing Translation. Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Marwan M.Kraidy,2005. Hybridity or, the Cultural Logic of Globalization. Temple University Press.
Newmark, Peter,2001. Approaches to Translation. Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Newmark, Peter,2001. A Textbook of Translation. Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Nida, Eugene A.,1993. Language, Culture and Translating. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Nida, Eugene A.,2001. Language and Culture:Contexts in Translating. Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Robinson, Doughs,2007. Translation and Empire:Postcolonial Theories Explained. Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.
Schaffner, C.& B. Adab,2001. The Idea of the Hybrid Text in Translation: Contact as Conflict. In Schaffner, C.& B. Adab(eds.) Across Languages and Cultures,2(2):167—179.Budapest:Akademiai Kiado.
Shuttleworth & Cowie,1997. Dictionary of Translation Studies. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Simon, Sherry,1992. "The Language of Cultural Difference:Figures of Alterity in Canadian Translation" in Venuti, Lawrence (ed). Rethinking Translation:Discourse, Subjectivity, Ideology. London and New York:Routledge.pp.159-176.
Simpson, J.A.&Weiner E.S.C.,1989.The Oxford English Dictionary Second Edition Volume. Oxford:Clarendon Press.
Venuti, Lawrence,1995. The Translator's Invisibility:a History of Translation. Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
蔡平,2004,试论翻译的混杂性,《洛阳师范学院学报》,第4期,136-138页
陈福康,2000,中国译学理论史稿。上海：上海外语教育出版社
陈胜利,2005,《围城》的翻译策略及其成因,《盐城师范学院学报》,第4期,49-52页
郭建中,1998,翻译中的文化因素：异化与归化,《外国语(上海外国语大学学报)》,第2期,12-18页
郭建中,2000,文化与翻译。北京：中国对外翻译出版公司
韩子满,2002,文学翻译与杂合,《中国翻译》,第2期,54-57页
韩子满,2005,文学翻译杂合研究。上海：上海译文出版社
胡慧翼,2003,近20年大陆“钱钟书热”的文化剖析,《学术探索》第4期,77-81页
卢红梅,2003,翻译与混杂文本,《现代外语》,第3期,276-282页
马祖毅、任荣珍,2003,汉籍外译史。武汉：湖北教育出版社
彭佳.《围城》英译策略的文化研究：[硕士学位论文].长沙：中南大学,2009
钱钟书,2009,围城。北京：人民文学出版社
孙艺风,1995,《围城》英译本的一些问题,《中国翻译》,第1期,31-36页
王东风,2001,“译家与作家的意识冲突：文学翻译中一个值得深思的现象”,《中国翻译》,第5期,43-48页
王东风,2002,归化与异化：矛与盾的交锋?,《中国翻译》,第5期,24-26页
王宁,2002,叙述、文化定位和身份认同——霍米·巴巴的后殖民批评理论,《外国文学》,第6期,48-55页
王祥兵,2002,论《时代》周刊中国报道文章对汉语文化词语的翻译, 《上海科技翻译》,19-22页
杨晓荣,1999,二元对立与第三种状态,《外国语(上海外国语大学学报)》,第3期,57-62页
乐黛云,2000,全球化趋势下的文化多元化,《深圳大学学报·人文社会科学版》,第1期,69—74页
郑也夫,1995,一个社会学的新角度。北京：生活·读书·新知三联书店
张泉,1991,钱钟书和他的《围城》。北京：中国和平出版社
Bassnett, Susan & Lefevere, Andre,2001. Constructing Cultures:Essays on Literary Translation. Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Bakhtin, Mikhail,1981.The Dialogic Imagination. Trans. Emerson Caryl and etc. Austin:University of Texas University.
Baugh A.C.,2001. A History of the English Language. Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.
Berman, Antoine,1992. The Experience of the Foreign. New York:State University of New York Press.
Bhabha, Homi.K.,1994. The Location of Culture. London and New York: Roultedge.
Hermans, Theo,1995.Translation as Intercultural Communication: Selected Papers from the EST Congress--Prague 1995. Amsterdam/ Philadelphia:John Benjamin Publishing Company.
Hsia, Chih-Tsing,1961. A History of Modern Chinese Fiction. New Haven and London:Yale University Press.
Hsia, Chih-Tsing,1971.Twentieth—Century Chinese Stories. New York & London:Columbia University Press.
Kelly, J.& Mao, N. K.,2003.Fortress Besieged. Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.
Lefevere, Andre,1992a/2004a. Translation, Rewriting and the Manipulation of Literary Fame. Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Lefevere, Andre,1992b/2004b. Translation/History/Culture:A Sourcebook. Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Lorenz, Sabine,1991. Interculturality and the Historical Study of Literary Translation. Berlin:E. Schmidt.
Munday,2000. Introducing Translation. Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Marwan M.Kraidy,2005. Hybridity or, the Cultural Logic of Globalization. Temple University Press.
Newmark, Peter,2001. Approaches to Translation. Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Newmark, Peter,2001. A Textbook of Translation. Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Nida, Eugene A.,1993. Language, Culture and Translating. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Nida, Eugene A.,2001. Language and Culture:Contexts in Translating. Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Robinson, Doughs,2007. Translation and Empire:Postcolonial Theories Explained. Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.
Schaffner, C.& B. Adab,2001. The Idea of the Hybrid Text in Translation: Contact as Conflict. In Schaffner, C.& B. Adab(eds.) Across Languages and Cultures,2(2):167—179.Budapest:Akademiai Kiado.
Shuttleworth & Cowie,1997. Dictionary of Translation Studies. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
Simon, Sherry,1992. "The Language of Cultural Difference:Figures of Alterity in Canadian Translation" in Venuti, Lawrence (ed). Rethinking Translation:Discourse, Subjectivity, Ideology. London and New York:Routledge.pp.159-176.
Simpson, J.A.&Weiner E.S.C.,1989.The Oxford English Dictionary Second Edition Volume. Oxford:Clarendon Press.
Venuti, Lawrence,1995. The Translator's Invisibility:a History of Translation. Shanghai:Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.
蔡平,2004,试论翻译的混杂性,《洛阳师范学院学报》,第4期,136-138页
陈福康,2000,中国译学理论史稿。上海：上海外语教育出版社
陈胜利,2005,《围城》的翻译策略及其成因,《盐城师范学院学报》,第4期,49-52页
郭建中,1998,翻译中的文化因素：异化与归化,《外国语(上海外国语大学学报)》,第2期,12-18页
郭建中,2000,文化与翻译。北京：中国对外翻译出版公司
韩子满,2002,文学翻译与杂合,《中国翻译》,第2期,54-57页
韩子满,2005,文学翻译杂合研究。上海：上海译文出版社
胡慧翼,2003,近20年大陆“钱钟书热”的文化剖析,《学术探索》第4期,77-81页
卢红梅,2003,翻译与混杂文本,《现代外语》,第3期,276-282页
马祖毅、任荣珍,2003,汉籍外译史。武汉：湖北教育出版社
彭佳.《围城》英译策略的文化研究：[硕士学位论文].长沙：中南大学,2009
钱钟书,2009,围城。北京：人民文学出版社
孙艺风,1995,《围城》英译本的一些问题,《中国翻译》,第1期,31-36页
王东风,2001,“译家与作家的意识冲突：文学翻译中一个值得深思的现象”,《中国翻译》,第5期,43-48页
王东风,2002,归化与异化：矛与盾的交锋?,《中国翻译》,第5期,24-26页
王宁,2002,叙述、文化定位和身份认同——霍米·巴巴的后殖民批评理论,《外国文学》,第6期,48-55页
王祥兵,2002,论《时代》周刊中国报道文章对汉语文化词语的翻译, 《上海科技翻译》,19-22页
杨晓荣,1999,二元对立与第三种状态,《外国语(上海外国语大学学报)》,第3期,57-62页
乐黛云,2000,全球化趋势下的文化多元化,《深圳大学学报·人文社会科学版》,第1期,69—74页
郑也夫,1995,一个社会学的新角度。北京：生活·读书·新知三联书店
张泉,1991,钱钟书和他的《围城》。北京：中国和平出版社