救灾物流中应急物资储备库选址与资源配置优化研究
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摘要
随着现代社会的快速发展,人口、资源、环境、公共卫生等社会矛盾日益尖锐,导致各种突发事件时有发生。近年来,相继发生的多起灾难性突发事件,911恐怖袭击、SARS危机、禽流感、俄罗斯人质事件、印度洋海啸、新奥尔良咫风等,引起了全世界的关注。正是由于各种突发事件的频繁发生,对现有的物流系统提出了严峻的挑战。“非典”过后,“应急物流”迅速被学术界和相关救灾部门重视,成为物流学研究的一个新领域。本文研究的“救灾物流”是一种典型的“应急物流”。
我国作为世界上遭受自然灾害最严重的国家之一,政府为了应对各种突发性自然灾害,每年花费在救灾物流成本上的成本巨大。尤其是2008年年初的南方雪灾、“5.12”汶川大地震,在对我国人民生命财产造成巨大损失,严重影响社会稳定的同时,更让我们意识到提高应对突发事件能力和灾害应急管理水平,建立和完善我国救灾物流体系的紧迫性和重要性。
本文从大规模自然灾害所产生的救灾物流需求出发,结合“5.12”汶川大地震具体的救灾物流实践,分别从救灾物流的组织、采购、仓储、运输、配送、信息传递等环节对我国救灾物流体系的现状和不足进行分析,通过借鉴国外救灾物流体系的先进经验,给出了我国救灾物流体系建设的几点建议,并提出了构建救灾物资储备网络的重要性和现实意义。
在构建救灾物资储备网络方面,本文重点研究灾害发生前,即“常态”下的救灾物资储备库选址及其相应的资源配置优化问题,以及灾害发生后应急资源的分配问题。通过运用数学规划方法,针对大规模自然灾害的特征,考虑到灾害发生地和物资需求量的不确定性,建立两阶段随机规划模型,利用遗传算法和样本均值逼近(SAA)方法进行求解,并实例验证。模型旨在建立省、市、县三级救灾物资储库备,实现救灾物资储备点的网络化,以便快速响应救灾物流需求。本文的研究成果对我国救灾物流体系的构建和实现具有一定的参考价值,并对政府或相关救灾部门关于救灾物资储备库的建设具有一定的指导作用和现实意义。
With the rapid development of modern society, population, resources, environment,public health and other social contradictions become increasingly intense, leading to avariety of unexpected events occur from time to time. In recent years, a number ofsuccessive catastrophic emergencies, 911 terrorist attacks, SARS crisis, avian flu, theRussian hostage incident, the Indian Ocean tsunami, hurricanes in New Orleans, attractedworldwide attention. It is precisely because of the frequent occurrence of unexpectedevents on the existing logistics system, posed a severe challenge. After the "Atypicalpneumonia", the academic departments and related relief sector paid attention to"emergency logistics", which has become a new field in the study of logistics. In this paper,the "disaster relief logistics" is a typical "emergency logistics."
China as one of the countries in the world's most serious natural disasters suffered, inorder to respond to sudden natural disasters, the annual cost spent on disaster relieflogistics was enormous. Especially the early 2008 South snowstorm, "5.12"Wenchuanearthquake, caused enormous losses to our people's lives and property and serious impacton social stability. At the same time, it made us aware of that it is very urgent andimportant to improve our emergency response and disaster emergency managementability, establish and improve China's disaster logistics system.
Beginning with the logistics of disaster relief needs resulting from the large-scalenatural disasters, conjunction with disaster relief logistics practice in the "5.12"Wenchuanearthquake, this paper analyzes the status and insufficient of disaster relief logistics inChina from organizations, procurement, warehousing, transportation, distribution,transmission of information and so on ,and then, this paper gives proposal for relieflogistics system-building in our country by learning from advanced experiences of foreigncountries. Furthermore, this paper puts forward the importance and practical significanceof building relief material storage networks.
In terms of building relief material storage networks, this paper focuses on the study oflocation of relief supplies and corresponding resource allocation optimization problembefore disasters occur, and the distribution of emergency resources after the disaster.Through the use of mathematical programming methods, in view of the characteristics oflarge-scale natural disasters, taking into account the occurrence of disasters and the uncertainty of demand for goods, the paper establishes a two-stage stochasticprogramming model, and solve it by using genetic algorithms and sample averageapproximation (SAA) method. Finally, takes an example to verify the validity of themodel. Model aimed at the establishment of provincial, municipal, and county levels poolof relief supplies, in order to respond quickly to the demand for disaster relief logistics. Inthis paper, the results of research can supply a certain reference value to establishment andachievement of China's disaster logistics system, and has a guiding role and practicalsignificance on the construction of pool executed by the government departments orrelated disaster relief sector.
我国作为世界上遭受自然灾害最严重的国家之一,政府为了应对各种突发性自然灾害,每年花费在救灾物流成本上的成本巨大。尤其是2008年年初的南方雪灾、“5.12”汶川大地震,在对我国人民生命财产造成巨大损失,严重影响社会稳定的同时,更让我们意识到提高应对突发事件能力和灾害应急管理水平,建立和完善我国救灾物流体系的紧迫性和重要性。
本文从大规模自然灾害所产生的救灾物流需求出发,结合“5.12”汶川大地震具体的救灾物流实践,分别从救灾物流的组织、采购、仓储、运输、配送、信息传递等环节对我国救灾物流体系的现状和不足进行分析,通过借鉴国外救灾物流体系的先进经验,给出了我国救灾物流体系建设的几点建议,并提出了构建救灾物资储备网络的重要性和现实意义。
在构建救灾物资储备网络方面,本文重点研究灾害发生前,即“常态”下的救灾物资储备库选址及其相应的资源配置优化问题,以及灾害发生后应急资源的分配问题。通过运用数学规划方法,针对大规模自然灾害的特征,考虑到灾害发生地和物资需求量的不确定性,建立两阶段随机规划模型,利用遗传算法和样本均值逼近(SAA)方法进行求解,并实例验证。模型旨在建立省、市、县三级救灾物资储库备,实现救灾物资储备点的网络化,以便快速响应救灾物流需求。本文的研究成果对我国救灾物流体系的构建和实现具有一定的参考价值,并对政府或相关救灾部门关于救灾物资储备库的建设具有一定的指导作用和现实意义。
With the rapid development of modern society, population, resources, environment,public health and other social contradictions become increasingly intense, leading to avariety of unexpected events occur from time to time. In recent years, a number ofsuccessive catastrophic emergencies, 911 terrorist attacks, SARS crisis, avian flu, theRussian hostage incident, the Indian Ocean tsunami, hurricanes in New Orleans, attractedworldwide attention. It is precisely because of the frequent occurrence of unexpectedevents on the existing logistics system, posed a severe challenge. After the "Atypicalpneumonia", the academic departments and related relief sector paid attention to"emergency logistics", which has become a new field in the study of logistics. In this paper,the "disaster relief logistics" is a typical "emergency logistics."
China as one of the countries in the world's most serious natural disasters suffered, inorder to respond to sudden natural disasters, the annual cost spent on disaster relieflogistics was enormous. Especially the early 2008 South snowstorm, "5.12"Wenchuanearthquake, caused enormous losses to our people's lives and property and serious impacton social stability. At the same time, it made us aware of that it is very urgent andimportant to improve our emergency response and disaster emergency managementability, establish and improve China's disaster logistics system.
Beginning with the logistics of disaster relief needs resulting from the large-scalenatural disasters, conjunction with disaster relief logistics practice in the "5.12"Wenchuanearthquake, this paper analyzes the status and insufficient of disaster relief logistics inChina from organizations, procurement, warehousing, transportation, distribution,transmission of information and so on ,and then, this paper gives proposal for relieflogistics system-building in our country by learning from advanced experiences of foreigncountries. Furthermore, this paper puts forward the importance and practical significanceof building relief material storage networks.
In terms of building relief material storage networks, this paper focuses on the study oflocation of relief supplies and corresponding resource allocation optimization problembefore disasters occur, and the distribution of emergency resources after the disaster.Through the use of mathematical programming methods, in view of the characteristics oflarge-scale natural disasters, taking into account the occurrence of disasters and the uncertainty of demand for goods, the paper establishes a two-stage stochasticprogramming model, and solve it by using genetic algorithms and sample averageapproximation (SAA) method. Finally, takes an example to verify the validity of themodel. Model aimed at the establishment of provincial, municipal, and county levels poolof relief supplies, in order to respond quickly to the demand for disaster relief logistics. Inthis paper, the results of research can supply a certain reference value to establishment andachievement of China's disaster logistics system, and has a guiding role and practicalsignificance on the construction of pool executed by the government departments orrelated disaster relief sector.
引文
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[3]王坚红,王京.国外救灾物流的运作方式及启示[J].中国物流与采购,2006(6):56-58.
[4] S.M.Hong-Minh, S.M.Disney, M.M.Naim. The dynamics of Emergency TransshipmentSupply Chains [J]. International Journal of Physical Distribution & LogisticsManagement, 2000,30(9):788-816.
[5] Philip T.Evers. Filling Customer orders from Multiple Locations: A Comparisonof Polling Methods [J].Journal of Business Logistics, 1999,20(1): 121-140.
[6]张志勇,匡兴华等.美军物流系统优化战略研究与启示[J].物流技术.2004(6):l-4.
[7]高东椰,刘新华.浅论应急物流[J].中国物流与采购,2003(23):22-23.
[8]雷玲.应急物流初探[J].统计与决策,2004(6):122-123.
[9]王宗喜.加强应急物流与军事物流研究刻不容缓[J].中国物流与采购,2003(23):20-20.
[10]邓伟,王卫国.政府职能在应急物流组织指挥中应发挥的作用[J].中国物流与采购,2003(23):26-26.
[11]王文亮.应急物流中的信息系统建设[J].中国物流与采购,2003(23):30-30.
[12]沈建国,熊坚.物流与应急物流略谈[J].物流科技,2005,28(4):4-7.
[13]韩景倜,詹亚辉,徐颖凯,李常富.非定常态供应链集成模式——应急物流体分析[J].空军工程大学学报(自然科学版),2005,6(2):92-94.
[14]刘北林,马婷.虚拟应急供应链构建过程研究[J].物流科技,2007(1):109-112.
[15]陈春益等.国内救灾物流体系之构建(台湾课题)[C].都市地区地震防灾交通八十九学年度期末研究成果研讨会论文集,2001,10:141-160.
[16]王铁宁,徐宗昌,曹钰.应急物资保障计划辅助决策模型研究[J].物流科技,200427(4):83-86
[17] Linet Ozdamar, Ediz Ekinci. Emergency Logistics Planning in Nature Disasters[J]. Annals of operations Research, 2004,129(1-4):217-245.
[18] Barbarosoglu G, Arda Y. A two-stage stochastic programming framework fortransportation planning in disaster response [J]. Journal of Operational ResearchSociety, 2004(55):43–53.
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