基于本体论的可复用构件表示研究及应用
摘要
近几年来,软件复用研究已称为热点问题,被视为能解决软件危机,提高软件生产效率和质量的现实可行的途径。经过了几十年的努力与发展,软件复用的思想虽然己日趋完善与成熟,软件复用的方法却并没有在软件生产中被广泛地系统化与实践化,如何有效去获取构件的信息成为研究的主要问题。在构件库中要检索自己所需的构件,则必须具有构件的相关信息,那也就意味着构件的描述需能代表构件的特征,因此构件的表示成为软件开发过程中的一个核心问题。
构件的表示与检索是构件库研究的关键技术,而构件的表示是构件检索的基础,本文主要研究的是构件的表示。在传统的构件表示方法中,采用最多的是刻面分类方法,然而该方法存在一定的局限性,即不能全面的将构件的信息表示出来,也就是说在表达语义的能力上存在一定的约束。本文在传统的表示方法的基础上引入了本体的概念,建立起基于刻面的构件分类和描述结构,建立构件本体,以为提高构件的识别能力。本文主要从本体论的角度对构件的表示做了以下研究:
首先,对现有构件的表示方法进行分析与研究,并重点分析了构件的刻面表示方法。在分析的过程中,参照国内外构件库系统的表示方式,给出构件表示模式。
其次,对领域本体的组成、描述方法及如何构建进行了研究。采用OWL语言对本体进行描述。提出了一个面向对象的领域本体构建方法,并根据该方法建立CEM(高校教育管理)领域本体。通过对传统方法的研究,在对构件进行刻面表示的基础上引入本体,将刻面分类方法和领域结合起来,建立一个构件的表示模型。与传统的方法相比,此方法更能提高构件的语义表达能力,从而提高构件的检索能力。
最后,在所提出的构件表示模型的基础上,开发了一个基于演绎的构件生成与组装平台,在此平台上,该方法得以实现。
In recent years,the research of software reuse has been referred to as hot spots ,which are considered to be an efficient ways solving the software crisis and improving software productivity and quality. After decades of efforts and development, while idea of software reuse are maturing and ripe, however, the approach of Software reuse has not been in the software production and practice of systematic broad-based, and how to go to obtain information of component become the main problem of research. Searching the component needed in the Component Library, we must have some information about component. It means that Description of Component can denote it. so denotation of component is a key problem in the process of software development.
The denotation and retrieval of component are the key Technologies. And the retrieval is based on the denotation. this article mainly research denotation of component. In the way of the traditional component denotation, facet-Based classified and description of component denotation, but it have some limitations in Semantic description. This article lead into ontology concept on the based of traditional way, Establishing based on Faceted Classification and description of the component structure and setting up ontology components that enhance the ability to identify components. In this paper, author mainly make the following research from the perspective of ontology.
Firstly, analyzed and researched the method of denotation currently and stress the facet description method, in the process of analysis, in the light of domestic and foreign components system ,the model of component denotation has been given.
Secondly, according to the research on the definitions, description methods and conformation tools of ontology and how to construct the ontology, we choose OWL (Web Ontology Language) as the description language. Then proposes an Object-Orient conformation method of ontology, and use it to construct the CEM (College Education Manage) domain ontology. The paper brings the ontology based the facet classify after the research of traditional method, combines the facet and domain, proposes a model of component denotation. Compared with traditional methods, it can improve the ability of components expression and the capabilities of components retrieval.
Finally, on the based of the components denotation model, we developed a component generation and assembly platform. on the platform, the key technology can be implemented.
构件的表示与检索是构件库研究的关键技术,而构件的表示是构件检索的基础,本文主要研究的是构件的表示。在传统的构件表示方法中,采用最多的是刻面分类方法,然而该方法存在一定的局限性,即不能全面的将构件的信息表示出来,也就是说在表达语义的能力上存在一定的约束。本文在传统的表示方法的基础上引入了本体的概念,建立起基于刻面的构件分类和描述结构,建立构件本体,以为提高构件的识别能力。本文主要从本体论的角度对构件的表示做了以下研究:
首先,对现有构件的表示方法进行分析与研究,并重点分析了构件的刻面表示方法。在分析的过程中,参照国内外构件库系统的表示方式,给出构件表示模式。
其次,对领域本体的组成、描述方法及如何构建进行了研究。采用OWL语言对本体进行描述。提出了一个面向对象的领域本体构建方法,并根据该方法建立CEM(高校教育管理)领域本体。通过对传统方法的研究,在对构件进行刻面表示的基础上引入本体,将刻面分类方法和领域结合起来,建立一个构件的表示模型。与传统的方法相比,此方法更能提高构件的语义表达能力,从而提高构件的检索能力。
最后,在所提出的构件表示模型的基础上,开发了一个基于演绎的构件生成与组装平台,在此平台上,该方法得以实现。
In recent years,the research of software reuse has been referred to as hot spots ,which are considered to be an efficient ways solving the software crisis and improving software productivity and quality. After decades of efforts and development, while idea of software reuse are maturing and ripe, however, the approach of Software reuse has not been in the software production and practice of systematic broad-based, and how to go to obtain information of component become the main problem of research. Searching the component needed in the Component Library, we must have some information about component. It means that Description of Component can denote it. so denotation of component is a key problem in the process of software development.
The denotation and retrieval of component are the key Technologies. And the retrieval is based on the denotation. this article mainly research denotation of component. In the way of the traditional component denotation, facet-Based classified and description of component denotation, but it have some limitations in Semantic description. This article lead into ontology concept on the based of traditional way, Establishing based on Faceted Classification and description of the component structure and setting up ontology components that enhance the ability to identify components. In this paper, author mainly make the following research from the perspective of ontology.
Firstly, analyzed and researched the method of denotation currently and stress the facet description method, in the process of analysis, in the light of domestic and foreign components system ,the model of component denotation has been given.
Secondly, according to the research on the definitions, description methods and conformation tools of ontology and how to construct the ontology, we choose OWL (Web Ontology Language) as the description language. Then proposes an Object-Orient conformation method of ontology, and use it to construct the CEM (College Education Manage) domain ontology. The paper brings the ontology based the facet classify after the research of traditional method, combines the facet and domain, proposes a model of component denotation. Compared with traditional methods, it can improve the ability of components expression and the capabilities of components retrieval.
Finally, on the based of the components denotation model, we developed a component generation and assembly platform. on the platform, the key technology can be implemented.
引文
[1] Carma McClure.Software reuse techniques[M].Prentice Hall PTR.1997.
[2] NATO Communications and Informations Systems Agency NATO Standard for Management of a Reusable Software Component Library 1991 p32-43.
[3]杨芙清,梅宏,李克勤。软件复用与软件构件技术[J].电子学报,1999,27
[4] Jean Marc MOREL,Jean FACET.The REBOOT Environment.BULL SARUE Jean J A N R E S , F - 7 8 3 4 0 L E S - C L A Y E S - S O U S - B O L S , F r a n c e
[5] Meguinness D.L. vanHarmelen F. OWL Web Ontology Language overview[EB/OL].http://www.w3.org/TR/20O4/REC-owl-features.2004.
[6]周欣,黄璜.软件体系结构质量评价概述[J].计算机科学,2003(1):49~52.
[7] Smith M.K.,Welty C,McGuinness D.L.OWL Web Ontology Language Guide[EB/OL].httP:// www.w3.org/TR/2O04/REC-owl-guide.2004.2
[8] Bachman F.,Bass L.,Buhman C.,etc,VolumeⅡ:Technical Concepts of ComPonent-Based Software Engineering,Technical rePort.2000:007-008
[9]Heineman G.T., Councill W.T., ComPonent-based software engineering:Putting thePieces together,Addison-Wesley.2001
[10]贾晓辉,陈德华,严梅,乐嘉锦,丁晓东.基于刻面描述的构件查询匹配模型及算法研究[J].计算机研究与发展.2004.10,41(10):1634-1638
[11]周航宇,王占宏.GIS构件及其在城镇公安综合管理信息系统中的应用[J].现代计算机.2006.6.
[12]常继传,郭立峰,马黎.可复用软件构件的表示和检索[J].计算机科学,1999,26(5):45-49.
[13] Prieto-Diaz.Implementing Faceted Classification for Software Reuse.Communication, ACM, 1991; 34(5):88-97.
[14] Frakes W B,Pole T P.An Empirical Study of Representation Methods For Reusable Software Components,IEEE Trans.On Software Engineering,1994,20(8) .
[15] Prieto-Diaz R.Implementing Faceted Classification.Communicatiog of ACM, 1991, 34(5); 86-97.
[16]常继传,李克勤,郭立峰,梅宏,杨芙清.青鸟系统中可复用软件构件的表示与查询[J].电子学报,Vol.28,No.8,Aug2000:l-4.
[17] TR Gurber Towards Principles for the design of ontologies used for knowledge sharing,Stnaofrd Universiyt,TeehRep:KSL293204,1993
[18] Sutder R,Benjma ins VR,Fensel D,Know ledge Engineering,Principles and Methods[J],Data and know ledge Engineering,1998,25(12):161-197.
[19] T Gruber Ontolingua:A Translation Approach to Portable Ontology Specifications Knowledge Acquisition 1993 5(2) p199-220.
[20]基于本体的语义检索技术研究.郑任凡.[硕士论文].2007年.
[21]Dave Beckett,Brian McBridel RDF/XML Syntax SPecification(Revised), World Wide Web Consortium,hPtt:// www.w3.org/tr/rdf-syntax-grammar/ ,2004-02-10
[22]D Brickley,R V Guha,RDF Vocabu1ary DescriPtion Language l.0:RDF Schema,World Wide Web Consortium,httP://www.w3.org/tr/rdf-schem a / ,2004-02-10.
[23]Dan Brickley,Guha R V.Resource descriPtion framework(RDF) schema specification 1.0.[EB/OL].http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema.
[24]FERNANDEZ,M.GOMEZ-PEREZ,A.and JU]RISTO,N.METHONTOLOGY:From Ontological Art Towards Ontological Engineering,AAAI-97 Spring Symposium on Ontological Engineering,Stanford University. 1997.3:24-26.
[25]Jorg-Uwe Kietz,Raphael Volz,Alexander Maedche,Extracting a Domain-Specific Ontology from a Corporate Intranet,Proceedings of the Fourth Conference On Computational Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language in Logic Workshop,Lisbon 2000.
[26]陈禹主编.IDEF建模分析与设计方法[M].北京:清华大学出版社.1999:45-46.
[27] Uta Priss. Faceted Information Representation[R]. The 8th International Conference on Conceptual Structures Logical, Linguistic, a n d C o m p u t a t i o n a l I s s u e s , A u g u s t 2 0 0 0 : 4 2 - 5 6 .
[28]阂楠.基于统一刻面分类模式的多构件库检索技术研究[D].硕士学位论文3.2005: 36-50.
[29].王渊峰,张涌,任红敏,钱乐秋等;基于刻面描述的构件检索[J].软件学报,2002,13(10)
[30]C.Szyperski,ComPonent Software:Beyond object-Oriented Programming,NewYork , NY : A C M Press and Addison - Wesley . 1998 .
[31]严蔚敏,吴伟民编著.数据结构[M].北京:清华大学出版社.1996.
[32]Zhang KZ.On the editing distance between unordered labeled trees.Information Processing Letters,1992,42(3):133-139.
[33]钟春平,郭国平,郑有才.计算机工程.跨构件库的刻面描述构件查询匹配算法研究[J].2006,Vol32(21),82-84.
[34] Sidney C.Bailin.Software Reuse as Ontology Negotiation.Proceedings of the 8th Intemational Conference on Software Reuse (ICSR2004).2004:242-253.
[35]杨明华.基于本体的构件描述关键技术研究.复旦大学[硕士学位论文].2006.
[36]窦郁宏.程序挖掘中构件描述和检索的研究[D].中南大学.2002.
[37]王斌,张尧学,陈松乔。基于语义网络的构件组织模型及实现[J].小型微型计算机系统。2 5 ( 7 ) . 2 0 0 4 . p 1 3 3 1 - 1 2 3 4 .
[38] Damiani E,Fugini M,Bellettini C A hierarahy-aware approach to facted classification of objected-oriented components .ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology.1999.8(3).p215-262.
[39]青鸟构件库概念模型。http://www.sei.pku.edu.cn/research/jade.htm
[40]黄晓辉,基于构件技术的构件模型及平台的研究与设计[硕士学位论文].江西师范大学.2008.
[2] NATO Communications and Informations Systems Agency NATO Standard for Management of a Reusable Software Component Library 1991 p32-43.
[3]杨芙清,梅宏,李克勤。软件复用与软件构件技术[J].电子学报,1999,27
[4] Jean Marc MOREL,Jean FACET.The REBOOT Environment.BULL SARUE Jean J A N R E S , F - 7 8 3 4 0 L E S - C L A Y E S - S O U S - B O L S , F r a n c e
[5] Meguinness D.L. vanHarmelen F. OWL Web Ontology Language overview[EB/OL].http://www.w3.org/TR/20O4/REC-owl-features.2004.
[6]周欣,黄璜.软件体系结构质量评价概述[J].计算机科学,2003(1):49~52.
[7] Smith M.K.,Welty C,McGuinness D.L.OWL Web Ontology Language Guide[EB/OL].httP:// www.w3.org/TR/2O04/REC-owl-guide.2004.2
[8] Bachman F.,Bass L.,Buhman C.,etc,VolumeⅡ:Technical Concepts of ComPonent-Based Software Engineering,Technical rePort.2000:007-008
[9]Heineman G.T., Councill W.T., ComPonent-based software engineering:Putting thePieces together,Addison-Wesley.2001
[10]贾晓辉,陈德华,严梅,乐嘉锦,丁晓东.基于刻面描述的构件查询匹配模型及算法研究[J].计算机研究与发展.2004.10,41(10):1634-1638
[11]周航宇,王占宏.GIS构件及其在城镇公安综合管理信息系统中的应用[J].现代计算机.2006.6.
[12]常继传,郭立峰,马黎.可复用软件构件的表示和检索[J].计算机科学,1999,26(5):45-49.
[13] Prieto-Diaz.Implementing Faceted Classification for Software Reuse.Communication, ACM, 1991; 34(5):88-97.
[14] Frakes W B,Pole T P.An Empirical Study of Representation Methods For Reusable Software Components,IEEE Trans.On Software Engineering,1994,20(8) .
[15] Prieto-Diaz R.Implementing Faceted Classification.Communicatiog of ACM, 1991, 34(5); 86-97.
[16]常继传,李克勤,郭立峰,梅宏,杨芙清.青鸟系统中可复用软件构件的表示与查询[J].电子学报,Vol.28,No.8,Aug2000:l-4.
[17] TR Gurber Towards Principles for the design of ontologies used for knowledge sharing,Stnaofrd Universiyt,TeehRep:KSL293204,1993
[18] Sutder R,Benjma ins VR,Fensel D,Know ledge Engineering,Principles and Methods[J],Data and know ledge Engineering,1998,25(12):161-197.
[19] T Gruber Ontolingua:A Translation Approach to Portable Ontology Specifications Knowledge Acquisition 1993 5(2) p199-220.
[20]基于本体的语义检索技术研究.郑任凡.[硕士论文].2007年.
[21]Dave Beckett,Brian McBridel RDF/XML Syntax SPecification(Revised), World Wide Web Consortium,hPtt:// www.w3.org/tr/rdf-syntax-grammar/ ,2004-02-10
[22]D Brickley,R V Guha,RDF Vocabu1ary DescriPtion Language l.0:RDF Schema,World Wide Web Consortium,httP://www.w3.org/tr/rdf-schem a / ,2004-02-10.
[23]Dan Brickley,Guha R V.Resource descriPtion framework(RDF) schema specification 1.0.[EB/OL].http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema.
[24]FERNANDEZ,M.GOMEZ-PEREZ,A.and JU]RISTO,N.METHONTOLOGY:From Ontological Art Towards Ontological Engineering,AAAI-97 Spring Symposium on Ontological Engineering,Stanford University. 1997.3:24-26.
[25]Jorg-Uwe Kietz,Raphael Volz,Alexander Maedche,Extracting a Domain-Specific Ontology from a Corporate Intranet,Proceedings of the Fourth Conference On Computational Natural Language Learning and of the Second Learning Language in Logic Workshop,Lisbon 2000.
[26]陈禹主编.IDEF建模分析与设计方法[M].北京:清华大学出版社.1999:45-46.
[27] Uta Priss. Faceted Information Representation[R]. The 8th International Conference on Conceptual Structures Logical, Linguistic, a n d C o m p u t a t i o n a l I s s u e s , A u g u s t 2 0 0 0 : 4 2 - 5 6 .
[28]阂楠.基于统一刻面分类模式的多构件库检索技术研究[D].硕士学位论文3.2005: 36-50.
[29].王渊峰,张涌,任红敏,钱乐秋等;基于刻面描述的构件检索[J].软件学报,2002,13(10)
[30]C.Szyperski,ComPonent Software:Beyond object-Oriented Programming,NewYork , NY : A C M Press and Addison - Wesley . 1998 .
[31]严蔚敏,吴伟民编著.数据结构[M].北京:清华大学出版社.1996.
[32]Zhang KZ.On the editing distance between unordered labeled trees.Information Processing Letters,1992,42(3):133-139.
[33]钟春平,郭国平,郑有才.计算机工程.跨构件库的刻面描述构件查询匹配算法研究[J].2006,Vol32(21),82-84.
[34] Sidney C.Bailin.Software Reuse as Ontology Negotiation.Proceedings of the 8th Intemational Conference on Software Reuse (ICSR2004).2004:242-253.
[35]杨明华.基于本体的构件描述关键技术研究.复旦大学[硕士学位论文].2006.
[36]窦郁宏.程序挖掘中构件描述和检索的研究[D].中南大学.2002.
[37]王斌,张尧学,陈松乔。基于语义网络的构件组织模型及实现[J].小型微型计算机系统。2 5 ( 7 ) . 2 0 0 4 . p 1 3 3 1 - 1 2 3 4 .
[38] Damiani E,Fugini M,Bellettini C A hierarahy-aware approach to facted classification of objected-oriented components .ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology.1999.8(3).p215-262.
[39]青鸟构件库概念模型。http://www.sei.pku.edu.cn/research/jade.htm
[40]黄晓辉,基于构件技术的构件模型及平台的研究与设计[硕士学位论文].江西师范大学.2008.
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