准非接触电容式集流环的研究
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摘要
集流环是机电系统集电装置中的一个重要部件,在生产生活中有着广泛的运用。延长集电装置的寿命一直是一个热门研究课题,国内外的研究大都着眼于改善接触供电的磨损状况,而在接触供电方式方面研究较少。本文提出了运用电容元件,在机械上实现非接触,而在电路上构成回路的设计思想,研制出一种准非接触电容式集流环。
运用电接触理论,建立了电容式集流环的电接触模型,并将其与普通集流环的电接触模型进行比较,得出其磨损降低的理论依据。同时构建了集流环供电系统的电路模型,分析了旁路阻抗带来的影响,并通过试验验证了模型的正确性,为后续的集流环的设计和实验分析提供了理论依据。
设计出集流环模拟工作试验装置,在不同电压、频率和负载下,测试了集流环电容值对输出性能的影响,得出了在获得较高效率传输以及稳定的输出性能时,集流环电容值取值范围。进行了一系列设计参数试验,得出了在集流环的电容值达到纳法级时,集流环的核心部件的间隙、面积、材料等方面的要求。
研制出一种具有相向圆盘式布置方式的电容式集流环样机,分析了固定安装方式对集流环工作性能的影响。该集流环的直径为Φ80mm,长度为92mm。测试了样机的空载和负载特性,得出了该样机在接入负载(双信号超声马达,每路电容值为0.72nF)后,工作频率f=23.7kHz、激励电压Up-p=300V条件下的输出性能。测试结果,集流环的近端电压、电流和功率传输效率分别为ηU=0.701、ηI=0.879和ηP=0.616。远端电压、电流和功率传输效率分别为ηU=0.794、ηI=0.837和ηP=0.665。
准非接触电容式集流环,具有无电烧蚀、低机械磨损等优点,特别适合在高频环境下工作,在增加转换电路后,也可用于低频直流供电场合,有着广阔的应用前景。
Current collector is a major components in electromechanical system. As in production and daily life in a wide range of use, collecting devices to extend the life span has been a hot research topic. Most domestic and international research aimed at improving the situation of the wear contact with current, while few studied power supply mode. This paper presents the use of capacitive components, machinery in achieving non-contact, and a loop of the circuit on the design, development of a quasi-noncontact capacitive current collector.
Using electrical contact theory, the model Capacitive Current Collector is established, to compare with the general one, which reduce the wear and tear of its theoretical basis. Meantime, the establishment of electric circuit model about power supply system, and the analysis of the impact of bypass impedance and verified through testing the accuracy of the model, provided the design of current collector and experimental analysis with theoretical basis.
Set design of Capacitive Current Collector simulation test device, in different voltage, frequency and load, testing the impact of capacitance upon the output performance. Obtained in a higher efficiency of transmission and to stabilize the output performance, the capacitance value range of Current Collecting. Conducted a series of test of design parameters, and obtained the core components of the space, size, material and other aspects of the request when capacitance reached the nF-level.
Developed a Capacitive Current Collector prototype with opposite disc layout, and analyzed of a fixed installation on the performance of the work. It has a diameter ofΦ80 mm, a length of 92 mm. Testing the prototype of the no-load and load, the prototype in access load (even signal ultrasonic motors, each capacitance value of 0.72 nF), the frequency of 23.7kHz, incentive voltage of 300V, under the conditions, output performance has been obtained. Test results show that the voltage, current and power transmission efficiency of the near capacitance wereηU=0.701,ηI=0.879 andηP=0.616 respectively. Voltage, current and power transmission efficiency of the remote one wereηU=0.794,ηI=0.837 andηP=0.665 respectively.
Quasi-non-contact Capacitive Current Collector, without arc erosion, low mechanical abrasion and other advantages, particularly suitable for work in high-frequency environment, after increasing the conversion circuit, can also be used for low-frequency DC power occasions, with wide application.
运用电接触理论,建立了电容式集流环的电接触模型,并将其与普通集流环的电接触模型进行比较,得出其磨损降低的理论依据。同时构建了集流环供电系统的电路模型,分析了旁路阻抗带来的影响,并通过试验验证了模型的正确性,为后续的集流环的设计和实验分析提供了理论依据。
设计出集流环模拟工作试验装置,在不同电压、频率和负载下,测试了集流环电容值对输出性能的影响,得出了在获得较高效率传输以及稳定的输出性能时,集流环电容值取值范围。进行了一系列设计参数试验,得出了在集流环的电容值达到纳法级时,集流环的核心部件的间隙、面积、材料等方面的要求。
研制出一种具有相向圆盘式布置方式的电容式集流环样机,分析了固定安装方式对集流环工作性能的影响。该集流环的直径为Φ80mm,长度为92mm。测试了样机的空载和负载特性,得出了该样机在接入负载(双信号超声马达,每路电容值为0.72nF)后,工作频率f=23.7kHz、激励电压Up-p=300V条件下的输出性能。测试结果,集流环的近端电压、电流和功率传输效率分别为ηU=0.701、ηI=0.879和ηP=0.616。远端电压、电流和功率传输效率分别为ηU=0.794、ηI=0.837和ηP=0.665。
准非接触电容式集流环,具有无电烧蚀、低机械磨损等优点,特别适合在高频环境下工作,在增加转换电路后,也可用于低频直流供电场合,有着广阔的应用前景。
Current collector is a major components in electromechanical system. As in production and daily life in a wide range of use, collecting devices to extend the life span has been a hot research topic. Most domestic and international research aimed at improving the situation of the wear contact with current, while few studied power supply mode. This paper presents the use of capacitive components, machinery in achieving non-contact, and a loop of the circuit on the design, development of a quasi-noncontact capacitive current collector.
Using electrical contact theory, the model Capacitive Current Collector is established, to compare with the general one, which reduce the wear and tear of its theoretical basis. Meantime, the establishment of electric circuit model about power supply system, and the analysis of the impact of bypass impedance and verified through testing the accuracy of the model, provided the design of current collector and experimental analysis with theoretical basis.
Set design of Capacitive Current Collector simulation test device, in different voltage, frequency and load, testing the impact of capacitance upon the output performance. Obtained in a higher efficiency of transmission and to stabilize the output performance, the capacitance value range of Current Collecting. Conducted a series of test of design parameters, and obtained the core components of the space, size, material and other aspects of the request when capacitance reached the nF-level.
Developed a Capacitive Current Collector prototype with opposite disc layout, and analyzed of a fixed installation on the performance of the work. It has a diameter ofΦ80 mm, a length of 92 mm. Testing the prototype of the no-load and load, the prototype in access load (even signal ultrasonic motors, each capacitance value of 0.72 nF), the frequency of 23.7kHz, incentive voltage of 300V, under the conditions, output performance has been obtained. Test results show that the voltage, current and power transmission efficiency of the near capacitance wereηU=0.701,ηI=0.879 andηP=0.616 respectively. Voltage, current and power transmission efficiency of the remote one wereηU=0.794,ηI=0.837 andηP=0.665 respectively.
Quasi-non-contact Capacitive Current Collector, without arc erosion, low mechanical abrasion and other advantages, particularly suitable for work in high-frequency environment, after increasing the conversion circuit, can also be used for low-frequency DC power occasions, with wide application.
引文
1许滨.谈电动机集电装置的改进.新技术新工艺. 2001,11:10~11
2 Da Hai He, Rafael Manory , Harry Sinkis. A sliding wear tester for overhead wires and current collectors in light rail systems. Wear. 2000,239:10~20
3 Da Hai He, Rafael Manory. A novel electrical contact material with improved self-lubrication for railway current collectors. wear. 2001,249:626~636
4周序科,徐红军,巴力学,佟明欣,张克信,冯子文.浸银石墨电刷的显微组织结构与摩擦磨损的研究.新型炭材料. 2000,15(1):28~34
5 Z. Chen, P. Liu, J.D. Verhoeven, E.D. Gibson. Electrotribological behavior of Cu-15 vol.% Cr in situ composites under dry sliding. Wear. 1997,203~204:28~35
6 S.G. Jia, P. Liu, F.Z. Ren, B.H. Tian, M.S. Zheng, G.S. Zhou. Wear behavior of Cu–Ag–Cr alloy wire under electrical sliding. Materials Science and Engineering A. 2005,398:262~267
7 S.G. Jia, P. Liu, F.Z. Ren, B.H. Tian, M.S. Zheng, G.S. Zhou. Sliding wear behavior of copper alloy contact wire against copper-based strip for high-speed electrified railways. Wear. 2007,262:772~777
8 Shunichi Kubo, Koji Kato. Effect of arc discharge on wear rate of Cu-impregnated carbon strip in unlubricated sliding against Cu trolley under electric current. Wear. 1998,216:172~178
9 L. Dong, G.X. Chen, M.H. Zhu, Z.R. Zhou. Wear mechanism of aluminum–stainless steel composite conductor rail sliding against collector shoe with electric current. Wear. 2007,263:598~603
10董霖,陈光雄,朱旻昊,周仲荣.地铁钢铝复合式第三轨/受电靴载流摩擦磨损特性研究.摩擦学学报. 2007,27(3):274~278
11 Hayashiya Hitoshi, Mandai Tsuyoshi, Nakajima Hitoshi, Ideno Ichiro. Influence of the arc between the contact wire and the pantograph on the material of the contact strip.IEEJ Transactions on Power and Energy.2007,127(6):718~724
12 H. Zhao, G.C. Barber, J. Liu. Friction and wear in high speed sliding with and without electrical current. Wear. 2001,249:409~414
13 Hiroki Nagasawa, Koji Kato. Wear mechanism of copper alloy wire sliding against iron-base strip under electric current. Wear. 1998,216:179~183
14 Alessandro PISANO, Elio USAI. Contact force regulation in wire-actuated pantographs via variable structure control. Proceedings of the 46th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, New Orleans, LA, USA, Dec. 12-14,2007:1986~1992
15 A. M. F. El-Refaie, M. M. Abdel Aziz, S. A. Y. Khorshid, E. E. M. Abu Elzahab. Effect of Combined Velocity and Pressure on Life Time of Carbon Brushes. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENERGY CONVERSION. 2000,15(2): 176~180
16 Da Hat He, Rafael R. Manory, Norm Grady. Wear of railway contact wires against current collector materials. Wear. 1998,215:146~155
17 J.M. Casstevens. Friction and wear characteristics of power metallurgy copper-graphite brushes at high sliding speeds. Wear. 1978,49:169~178.
18 H. Zaidi, K.J. Chin, J. Frene. Analysis of surface and subsurface of sliding electrical contact steel/steel in magnetic field. Surface and Coatings Technology. 2001,148:241~250
19 Shixue Liu, Ce Song, Zijing Lin. The effects of the interconnect rib contact resistance on the performance of planar solid oxide fuel cell stack and the rib design optimization. Journal of Power Sources,In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 2 May 2008
20 Shunichi Kubo, Koji Kato. Effect of arc discharge on the wear rate and wear mode transition of a copper-impregnated metallized carbon contact strip sliding against a copper disk. Tribology International.1999, 32:367~378
21 Yu Yonezawa, Noboru Wakatsuki, Yoshio Satoh, Tadashi Nakatani, Koichiro Sawa. Non arcing electric contact device using the MEMS multi-electrodes. Proceedings of the 50th IEEE Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts and the
22nd International Conference on Electrical Contacts, 2004:236~240
22栗震霄.影响集流环信号传递精度的主要因素及改进措施的探讨.计量技术. 1990,6:17~19
23 Yoshitada Watanabe. High-speed sliding characteristics of Cu–Sn-based composite materials containing lamellar solid lubricants by contact resistance studies. Wear. 2008, 264:624~631
24栗震霄.集流环接触电阻的测量及其变化规律的试验研究.机械研究与应用. 1991,2:21~23
25 V.A. Marichev. Kinetics of chloride ion adsorption on stainless alloys by in situ contact electric resistance technique. Electrochimica Acta. 2008, 53(22):6304~6316
26普朝文.无刷化是发电机励磁技术发展的方向.云南水力发电. 2006,22(5):83~86,90
27谭建成.无刷直流电动机技术发展动向.电气技术. 2006,7:54~57
28李国林.环形变压器供电的应变式扭矩传感器技术性能及应用.仪表技术与传感器. 2000,6:44~45
29李国林.数字式扭矩传感器技术性能及应用.传感器世界. 1999,2:46~49,52
30尹晓翔,王纲,尹兆黑.电器的非接触式供电方法及其装置.申请号:200410027614.5
31李剑锋,王晓晨,田志仁,杨小永,李云惠.非接触式红外集流环的研制.红外技术. 1997,19(6):40~42
32李剑锋,王晓晨,朱传敏,田志仁.旋转体动态数据采集系统的研制.仪器仪表学报. 1999,20(1):90~91,105
33 A.凯尔, W. A.默尔, E.维纳里库.电接触和电接触材料.赵华人,陈昌图,陶国森.机械工业出版社. 1993:1~3,52~54
34 Yoshihiro Kawase, Hiroyuki Mori. 3-D finite element analysis of electrodynamic repulsion forces in stationary electric contacts taking into account asymmetric shape. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS. 1997,33(2):1994~1999
35堵永国,张为军,胡君遂.电接触与电接触材料(六).电工材料. 2006,3:49~54
36 C. Tran Duy, N. Bonifaci, A. Denat, O. Lesaint, L. Caliap, A. Girodet, B. Gelloz, P. Ponchon. Partial discharges at a triple junction metal solid insulator gas and simulation of inception voltage. Journal of Electrostatics.2008, 66:319~327
37 J. C. Martin. Nanosecond pulse techniques[J]. Proceedings of the IEEE, 80(6), June 1992.
38 Russell L. Meade, Robert Diffenderfer.电子学基础:电路和元器件.蓝江桥,宋梅.第四版.清华大学出版社.2006:459~537
39黄继昌.电子元器件应用手册.人民邮电出版社. 2004:151~276
40韩广兴.电子元器件与应用电路基础(修订版).电子工业出版社. 2005: 12~16,31~67
41马之庚,任陵柏.现代工程材料手册.国防工业出版社. 2005:46~49,838~854
42林保平,朱俊,徐晓辉.合成高介电常数的聚酰亚胺/纳米钛酸钡复合薄膜的方法.申请号200610161358.8.公开号CN100999589A
43 http://www.21ic.com/news/html/78/show22252.htm
44刘卫东,朱宝库,谢曙辉,徐志康.聚酰亚胺/钛酸钡复合膜介电性能及其影响因素的研究(II).功能材料.2008,39(2):264~267
2 Da Hai He, Rafael Manory , Harry Sinkis. A sliding wear tester for overhead wires and current collectors in light rail systems. Wear. 2000,239:10~20
3 Da Hai He, Rafael Manory. A novel electrical contact material with improved self-lubrication for railway current collectors. wear. 2001,249:626~636
4周序科,徐红军,巴力学,佟明欣,张克信,冯子文.浸银石墨电刷的显微组织结构与摩擦磨损的研究.新型炭材料. 2000,15(1):28~34
5 Z. Chen, P. Liu, J.D. Verhoeven, E.D. Gibson. Electrotribological behavior of Cu-15 vol.% Cr in situ composites under dry sliding. Wear. 1997,203~204:28~35
6 S.G. Jia, P. Liu, F.Z. Ren, B.H. Tian, M.S. Zheng, G.S. Zhou. Wear behavior of Cu–Ag–Cr alloy wire under electrical sliding. Materials Science and Engineering A. 2005,398:262~267
7 S.G. Jia, P. Liu, F.Z. Ren, B.H. Tian, M.S. Zheng, G.S. Zhou. Sliding wear behavior of copper alloy contact wire against copper-based strip for high-speed electrified railways. Wear. 2007,262:772~777
8 Shunichi Kubo, Koji Kato. Effect of arc discharge on wear rate of Cu-impregnated carbon strip in unlubricated sliding against Cu trolley under electric current. Wear. 1998,216:172~178
9 L. Dong, G.X. Chen, M.H. Zhu, Z.R. Zhou. Wear mechanism of aluminum–stainless steel composite conductor rail sliding against collector shoe with electric current. Wear. 2007,263:598~603
10董霖,陈光雄,朱旻昊,周仲荣.地铁钢铝复合式第三轨/受电靴载流摩擦磨损特性研究.摩擦学学报. 2007,27(3):274~278
11 Hayashiya Hitoshi, Mandai Tsuyoshi, Nakajima Hitoshi, Ideno Ichiro. Influence of the arc between the contact wire and the pantograph on the material of the contact strip.IEEJ Transactions on Power and Energy.2007,127(6):718~724
12 H. Zhao, G.C. Barber, J. Liu. Friction and wear in high speed sliding with and without electrical current. Wear. 2001,249:409~414
13 Hiroki Nagasawa, Koji Kato. Wear mechanism of copper alloy wire sliding against iron-base strip under electric current. Wear. 1998,216:179~183
14 Alessandro PISANO, Elio USAI. Contact force regulation in wire-actuated pantographs via variable structure control. Proceedings of the 46th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, New Orleans, LA, USA, Dec. 12-14,2007:1986~1992
15 A. M. F. El-Refaie, M. M. Abdel Aziz, S. A. Y. Khorshid, E. E. M. Abu Elzahab. Effect of Combined Velocity and Pressure on Life Time of Carbon Brushes. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENERGY CONVERSION. 2000,15(2): 176~180
16 Da Hat He, Rafael R. Manory, Norm Grady. Wear of railway contact wires against current collector materials. Wear. 1998,215:146~155
17 J.M. Casstevens. Friction and wear characteristics of power metallurgy copper-graphite brushes at high sliding speeds. Wear. 1978,49:169~178.
18 H. Zaidi, K.J. Chin, J. Frene. Analysis of surface and subsurface of sliding electrical contact steel/steel in magnetic field. Surface and Coatings Technology. 2001,148:241~250
19 Shixue Liu, Ce Song, Zijing Lin. The effects of the interconnect rib contact resistance on the performance of planar solid oxide fuel cell stack and the rib design optimization. Journal of Power Sources,In Press, Corrected Proof, Available online 2 May 2008
20 Shunichi Kubo, Koji Kato. Effect of arc discharge on the wear rate and wear mode transition of a copper-impregnated metallized carbon contact strip sliding against a copper disk. Tribology International.1999, 32:367~378
21 Yu Yonezawa, Noboru Wakatsuki, Yoshio Satoh, Tadashi Nakatani, Koichiro Sawa. Non arcing electric contact device using the MEMS multi-electrodes. Proceedings of the 50th IEEE Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts and the
22nd International Conference on Electrical Contacts, 2004:236~240
22栗震霄.影响集流环信号传递精度的主要因素及改进措施的探讨.计量技术. 1990,6:17~19
23 Yoshitada Watanabe. High-speed sliding characteristics of Cu–Sn-based composite materials containing lamellar solid lubricants by contact resistance studies. Wear. 2008, 264:624~631
24栗震霄.集流环接触电阻的测量及其变化规律的试验研究.机械研究与应用. 1991,2:21~23
25 V.A. Marichev. Kinetics of chloride ion adsorption on stainless alloys by in situ contact electric resistance technique. Electrochimica Acta. 2008, 53(22):6304~6316
26普朝文.无刷化是发电机励磁技术发展的方向.云南水力发电. 2006,22(5):83~86,90
27谭建成.无刷直流电动机技术发展动向.电气技术. 2006,7:54~57
28李国林.环形变压器供电的应变式扭矩传感器技术性能及应用.仪表技术与传感器. 2000,6:44~45
29李国林.数字式扭矩传感器技术性能及应用.传感器世界. 1999,2:46~49,52
30尹晓翔,王纲,尹兆黑.电器的非接触式供电方法及其装置.申请号:200410027614.5
31李剑锋,王晓晨,田志仁,杨小永,李云惠.非接触式红外集流环的研制.红外技术. 1997,19(6):40~42
32李剑锋,王晓晨,朱传敏,田志仁.旋转体动态数据采集系统的研制.仪器仪表学报. 1999,20(1):90~91,105
33 A.凯尔, W. A.默尔, E.维纳里库.电接触和电接触材料.赵华人,陈昌图,陶国森.机械工业出版社. 1993:1~3,52~54
34 Yoshihiro Kawase, Hiroyuki Mori. 3-D finite element analysis of electrodynamic repulsion forces in stationary electric contacts taking into account asymmetric shape. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS. 1997,33(2):1994~1999
35堵永国,张为军,胡君遂.电接触与电接触材料(六).电工材料. 2006,3:49~54
36 C. Tran Duy, N. Bonifaci, A. Denat, O. Lesaint, L. Caliap, A. Girodet, B. Gelloz, P. Ponchon. Partial discharges at a triple junction metal solid insulator gas and simulation of inception voltage. Journal of Electrostatics.2008, 66:319~327
37 J. C. Martin. Nanosecond pulse techniques[J]. Proceedings of the IEEE, 80(6), June 1992.
38 Russell L. Meade, Robert Diffenderfer.电子学基础:电路和元器件.蓝江桥,宋梅.第四版.清华大学出版社.2006:459~537
39黄继昌.电子元器件应用手册.人民邮电出版社. 2004:151~276
40韩广兴.电子元器件与应用电路基础(修订版).电子工业出版社. 2005: 12~16,31~67
41马之庚,任陵柏.现代工程材料手册.国防工业出版社. 2005:46~49,838~854
42林保平,朱俊,徐晓辉.合成高介电常数的聚酰亚胺/纳米钛酸钡复合薄膜的方法.申请号200610161358.8.公开号CN100999589A
43 http://www.21ic.com/news/html/78/show22252.htm
44刘卫东,朱宝库,谢曙辉,徐志康.聚酰亚胺/钛酸钡复合膜介电性能及其影响因素的研究(II).功能材料.2008,39(2):264~267