郴州地区残坡积土工程边坡过程稳定性研究及控制
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摘要
边坡地质灾害问题一直是困扰郴州地区发展和建设的“顽疾”。近年来,大规模的基础建设(特别是公路、铁路网的投资兴建以及现有公路网的翻新改造)形成了大量的工程边坡,造成了边坡地质灾害频发。根据调查,施工过程中及运营阶段残坡积土边坡失稳率都很高,是郴州地区最突出的边坡工程问题。频发的边坡地质灾害说明,现有的设计、施工规范规程和思路,在治理郴州地区残坡积土工程边坡方面还有不尽完善的地方,需要引入新的、针对性强的思路和方法。
本文在归纳、总结郴州地区残坡积土工程边坡主要特点和研究典型残坡积土(白膏泥、煤系土以及红粘土)物理力学特性的基础上,分析了边坡过程稳定性机理；通过本文提出的边坡过程稳定性概念和边坡过程稳定性控制思想,建立了郴州地区残坡积土工程边坡过程稳定性评价模型和控制模型,并应用于工程实践；分析了CS双液注浆控制郴州地区残坡积土边坡过程稳定性机理,并提出了控制要点,主要研究内容及取得的成果如下：
(1)总结、归纳了郴州地区残坡积土工程边坡的主要破坏类型、坡体结构形式、失稳模式及影响因素。分析认为：因支护不及时,边坡在大气降水等外界因素影响下由局部小变形向整体失稳发展的渐进性破坏是郴州残坡积土边坡失稳的主要特征。
(2)通过室内试验,研究了郴州地区典型残坡积土(白膏泥、煤系土以及红粘土)的基本物理力学性质和强度水敏感性,建立了强度指标与含水率之间的函数模型；采用X射线衍射试验半定量分析了残坡积土主要矿物百分比,采用SEM法研究了微观结构特点,并从矿物组成及微观结构两方面讨论了郴州地区典型残坡积土工程特性。
(3)根据郴州地区残坡积土边坡主要特点及致滑因素,首次引入了边坡过程稳定性概念；采用有限元软件PLaxis,建立了边坡过程稳定性评价模型,分析了边坡过程稳定性机理,讨论了边坡渐进性破坏过程以及不同施工时序和含水率对边坡过程稳定性的影响；利用本文提出的边坡过程稳定性双安全系数改进模型,在考虑含水率对粘聚力及内摩擦角不同扰动度的基础上,分析了含水率变化对边坡的影响过程。
(4)在提出边坡过程稳定性控制思想的基础上,以郴州地区典型残坡积土边坡——相山大道6号坡先后三次发生滑坡的全过程为研究背景,建立了边坡失稳过程评价模型、边坡治理过程稳定性控制模型,分析了6号坡失稳机理并制定了治理过程稳定性控制措施。经监测数据分析：所建模型与实际相符,过程稳定性控制措施有效。
(5)CS双液注浆法是一种新的边坡过程稳定性控制措置,并在郴州地区残坡积土边坡中应用。本文在建立双液注浆控制边坡过程稳定性评价模型的基础上,将直接开挖与双液注浆法控制边坡开挖两种方案对比分析,研究了双液注浆法控制残坡积土边坡开挖过程稳定性的机理及特点；基于试验获得的不同配比浆液结石体强度和时间之间的关系,采用过程稳定性分析模型,研究了不同配比浆液对边坡过程稳定性控制的影响,得出了双液注浆控制要点。
For a long time, the development and construction of Chenzhou is always restrained by slope geology disaster. In recent years,with the large-scale infrastructure construction,such as the road construction, railway network's construction and the renovation of the highway network,new slope were largely increased,and simultaneously more slope geology disasters were caused,which brought the heavy loss for the local government and the people. The high frequency of the slope geology disaster shows that the existing standard for design and construction is imperfect in dealing with the slopes in Chenzhou. So,a more pointed standard and idea needs to be brought forward.
Colluvial and Residual soil slope with high frequency of geological disasters is the most prominent problem in Chenzhou. Colluvial and residual soil slope's main characteristics was summed up,the properties of the typical Colluvial and residualsoil in Chenzhou,including Baigaini,Coal soil, Red Clay,was studied and the mechanism of slope stability of the process was analyzed. The concept of slope's process stability and the idea of process control were raised for the first time, slope's process stability evaluation model and control model established and applied in Chenzhou Colluvial and residual soil slope, the mechanism of slope's process stability controlled by cement-silicate double solution grouting control is studied. The main contents and achievements are as follows:
(1) Based on investigation, the main failure type,slope structures, unstable modes and the main factors influencing the slope's process stability was summarized.
(2) By experiments,the basic physical properties and the water sensitivity of the typical Colluvial and residual soil in Chenzhou were studied and the function model between the shear strength parameters and moisture content was established. By X-ray diffraction,the main mineral components of typical Colluvial and residual soil in Chenzhou was Semi-quantitatively analyzed and by SEM,the microstructure characteristics researched,which were used to study on the engineering properties of the typical Colluvial and residual soil in Chenzhou.
(3) Combined with the main failure factor of Colluvial and residual soil slope in Chenzhou,the concept of slope's process stability was raised for the first time. Using the finite element software PLaxis,the slope's process stability evaluation model was established and the influence of different construction sequence on excavation process stability, the numerical simulation of the gradual failure process of the slope and the influence of moisture content on slope's process stability were discussed. Furthermore,based on the different disturbance degree of soil's strength parameters when softened by water,a new estimation model was put forward. The mechanism of slope's process stability was studied on.
(4) The idle of slope's process stability control were raised for the first time. Taking the typical Colluvial and residual soil slope in Chenzhou, the 6th slope of Xiangshan Road which had occurred three large-scale landslide as research background, the failure process model and treatment process model were established, the mechanism of failure researched, and the control measure designed. According to the monitor data, the models were inspected to be correct and the slope's process stability control was proven to be effective.
(5) Based on the model of slope's process stability controlled by cement-silicate double solution grouting control, the mechanism of the process control was studied through comparison with the different excavation schemes, which was controlled by cement-silicate double solution grouting and non-controlled. The influence of cement-silicate double solution grouting with different ratio of cement, water, concrete and silicate on the slope's process stability control was studied and the main point of the method was put forward.
本文在归纳、总结郴州地区残坡积土工程边坡主要特点和研究典型残坡积土(白膏泥、煤系土以及红粘土)物理力学特性的基础上,分析了边坡过程稳定性机理；通过本文提出的边坡过程稳定性概念和边坡过程稳定性控制思想,建立了郴州地区残坡积土工程边坡过程稳定性评价模型和控制模型,并应用于工程实践；分析了CS双液注浆控制郴州地区残坡积土边坡过程稳定性机理,并提出了控制要点,主要研究内容及取得的成果如下：
(1)总结、归纳了郴州地区残坡积土工程边坡的主要破坏类型、坡体结构形式、失稳模式及影响因素。分析认为：因支护不及时,边坡在大气降水等外界因素影响下由局部小变形向整体失稳发展的渐进性破坏是郴州残坡积土边坡失稳的主要特征。
(2)通过室内试验,研究了郴州地区典型残坡积土(白膏泥、煤系土以及红粘土)的基本物理力学性质和强度水敏感性,建立了强度指标与含水率之间的函数模型；采用X射线衍射试验半定量分析了残坡积土主要矿物百分比,采用SEM法研究了微观结构特点,并从矿物组成及微观结构两方面讨论了郴州地区典型残坡积土工程特性。
(3)根据郴州地区残坡积土边坡主要特点及致滑因素,首次引入了边坡过程稳定性概念；采用有限元软件PLaxis,建立了边坡过程稳定性评价模型,分析了边坡过程稳定性机理,讨论了边坡渐进性破坏过程以及不同施工时序和含水率对边坡过程稳定性的影响；利用本文提出的边坡过程稳定性双安全系数改进模型,在考虑含水率对粘聚力及内摩擦角不同扰动度的基础上,分析了含水率变化对边坡的影响过程。
(4)在提出边坡过程稳定性控制思想的基础上,以郴州地区典型残坡积土边坡——相山大道6号坡先后三次发生滑坡的全过程为研究背景,建立了边坡失稳过程评价模型、边坡治理过程稳定性控制模型,分析了6号坡失稳机理并制定了治理过程稳定性控制措施。经监测数据分析：所建模型与实际相符,过程稳定性控制措施有效。
(5)CS双液注浆法是一种新的边坡过程稳定性控制措置,并在郴州地区残坡积土边坡中应用。本文在建立双液注浆控制边坡过程稳定性评价模型的基础上,将直接开挖与双液注浆法控制边坡开挖两种方案对比分析,研究了双液注浆法控制残坡积土边坡开挖过程稳定性的机理及特点；基于试验获得的不同配比浆液结石体强度和时间之间的关系,采用过程稳定性分析模型,研究了不同配比浆液对边坡过程稳定性控制的影响,得出了双液注浆控制要点。
For a long time, the development and construction of Chenzhou is always restrained by slope geology disaster. In recent years,with the large-scale infrastructure construction,such as the road construction, railway network's construction and the renovation of the highway network,new slope were largely increased,and simultaneously more slope geology disasters were caused,which brought the heavy loss for the local government and the people. The high frequency of the slope geology disaster shows that the existing standard for design and construction is imperfect in dealing with the slopes in Chenzhou. So,a more pointed standard and idea needs to be brought forward.
Colluvial and Residual soil slope with high frequency of geological disasters is the most prominent problem in Chenzhou. Colluvial and residual soil slope's main characteristics was summed up,the properties of the typical Colluvial and residualsoil in Chenzhou,including Baigaini,Coal soil, Red Clay,was studied and the mechanism of slope stability of the process was analyzed. The concept of slope's process stability and the idea of process control were raised for the first time, slope's process stability evaluation model and control model established and applied in Chenzhou Colluvial and residual soil slope, the mechanism of slope's process stability controlled by cement-silicate double solution grouting control is studied. The main contents and achievements are as follows:
(1) Based on investigation, the main failure type,slope structures, unstable modes and the main factors influencing the slope's process stability was summarized.
(2) By experiments,the basic physical properties and the water sensitivity of the typical Colluvial and residual soil in Chenzhou were studied and the function model between the shear strength parameters and moisture content was established. By X-ray diffraction,the main mineral components of typical Colluvial and residual soil in Chenzhou was Semi-quantitatively analyzed and by SEM,the microstructure characteristics researched,which were used to study on the engineering properties of the typical Colluvial and residual soil in Chenzhou.
(3) Combined with the main failure factor of Colluvial and residual soil slope in Chenzhou,the concept of slope's process stability was raised for the first time. Using the finite element software PLaxis,the slope's process stability evaluation model was established and the influence of different construction sequence on excavation process stability, the numerical simulation of the gradual failure process of the slope and the influence of moisture content on slope's process stability were discussed. Furthermore,based on the different disturbance degree of soil's strength parameters when softened by water,a new estimation model was put forward. The mechanism of slope's process stability was studied on.
(4) The idle of slope's process stability control were raised for the first time. Taking the typical Colluvial and residual soil slope in Chenzhou, the 6th slope of Xiangshan Road which had occurred three large-scale landslide as research background, the failure process model and treatment process model were established, the mechanism of failure researched, and the control measure designed. According to the monitor data, the models were inspected to be correct and the slope's process stability control was proven to be effective.
(5) Based on the model of slope's process stability controlled by cement-silicate double solution grouting control, the mechanism of the process control was studied through comparison with the different excavation schemes, which was controlled by cement-silicate double solution grouting and non-controlled. The influence of cement-silicate double solution grouting with different ratio of cement, water, concrete and silicate on the slope's process stability control was studied and the main point of the method was put forward.
引文
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