基于相干光传输系统的连续相位调制方法的研究
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摘要
信号接收是对通信系统中的传输信号进行解调和恢复。在传统的光纤通信系统中,光信号的接收是由光电二极管直接将光信号强度转换成电信号,此种接收方法称为直接检测方法。但是,由于直接检测方法无法知晓光信号的相位信息,它只能检测二进制开关调制(OOK)信号,这样的调制信号频谱效率较低,难以实现更高速率的通信需求,因此需要一种能够检测光信号相位信息的接收方法。于是相干接收方法应运而生,它是通过信号光和本地光进行混频检测出光信号的相位。这种方法能够检测出信号光完整的幅度和相位信息,使得信号处理方法能够应用于光纤传输系统中。
光纤传输系统中的信号处理过程称为信号恢复过程,根据传输系统中的信号损伤,信号恢复过程如下：首先针对混频器的参数非理想状态进行正交化,然后依据信道的特征对信号进行静态均衡和动态均衡,最后是对信号进行时钟同步以及载频估计和相位恢复。再对恢复后的信号进行码元的判决,就得到了发送端的原始码元。基于相干光传输系统的调制手段主要是四进制相位调制(QPSK)以及高阶正交幅度调制(QAM),此类调制方法提出的思路主要是针对大容量通信的需求,但是大容量的通信系统会带来传输距离受限的缺点。从前面的信号恢复过程和调制方法可以看出,提升系统传输距离有两个关键点：(1)对信号损伤机理的分析,使信号能在长距离传输下还能进行恢复；(2)新型调制格式的选取,使得调制方法能更好地抑制信道损伤。本文正是从这两个关键点出发,提出了混频器的信号损伤的原理、信道均衡代价与信道特征的关系和连续相位调制方式与相干接收的通信系统的结合方法。
混频器的信号损伤机理的原理主要建立在信号星座图的基础上,将有关偏振光的一些数学理论应用在信号星座图上,推导出星座图上的图形的几何参数与混频器参数之间的关系,得出混频器损伤信号的机理。信道均衡代价与信道特征的分析,主要针对不同长度下光纤信道的色散(CD)和偏振模(PMD)下的损伤进行有限冲击响应滤波器(FIR)阶数的经验分析,给出了信道损伤与FIR阶数之间的关系。
连续相位调制(CPM)方式在光纤系统中的研究,分别有二进制连续相位调制和四进制连续相位调制的研究。其中,二进制连续相位调制分为最小频移键控调制(MSK)以及任意调制指数的连续相位调制方法；四进制连续相位调制方法为在深空调制手段中的经过整形的偏移四进制相位调伟(?)(SOQPSK)。由于信号的连续性特征,光信号的功率谱密度与QPSK相比,具有频谱效率高的特征,能潜在提高传输系统的抑制信道损伤的能力。
本文针对目前在光纤相干接收系统中信号损伤与调制方式的理论进行了分析,解决了信号损伤与恢复的关系问题,同时设计了连续相位调制方式与相干接收系统的结合方法。仿真结果表明,连续相位调制信号的传输距离要比现有的QPSK信号在六波长的信道中长20公里。
Signal receiving is the demodulation and recovery of a transmitted signal in the communication system. In the traditional optical communication system, the receiving mode of the optical signal is the direct detection which translating the optical signal into the electrical signal by a photodiode. The direct detection mode can not find the phase of the signal, it can only detect the on-off keying (OOK) signal whose spectrum efficiency is very low, and it can not satisfy the demand of higher communication systems. The coherent detection mode can discover the both amplitude and phase of the optical signal. It discovers the optical signal phase by the hybrid of the signal light and local light. It makes the signal processing technology applied to the optical transmission system.
The signal process in optical transmission system is called the signal recovery, which has the following steps:orthogonalization to the non-ideal hybrid, channel equalization to the impairments, synchronous of the symbol, frequency and phase recovery of the signal. Symbol estimation and decoding is carried out at last to get the original symbol at the transmitter. The main modulation formats in the coherent optical system are quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) and quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), which can develop the capacity of the system but the transmission distance, will be limited. From the steps, the two key parts are the analysis of the signal impairment mechanism and the selection of a modulated signal. This dissertation focuses on these two points and processes a theory of the signal impairment in the hybrid, a relationship between the channel impairments and equalization and a method of continuous phase modulation (CPM) applied to the optical transmission system.
The signal impairment mechanism in the hybrid is based on the constellation and the theory of the polarized light. The relationship between geometric parameters on the constellation and the hybrid parameters is the signal impairment process in the hybrid. The relation between the equalization complexity and channel characteristic is according to the empirical analysis on the finite impulse response (FIR) taps needed to the different channel length.
The research on the CPM signal includes the binary CPM signal and quaternary CPM signal. The binary CPM signal contains the minimum shift keying (MSK) signal and CPM signal with arbitrary modulation index. The quaternary CPM signal is the shaped offset quadrature phase shift keying (SOQPSK) signal which is applied in outer space communication system. The spectrum efficiency of the CPM signal is better than the traditional quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) signal, it can potentially improve the ability of the inhibition to the channel impairments in the transmission system.
The dissertation intends to analysis the signal impairments and modulation in the optical system. We solve the relationship issues of the impairment and equalization and design an optical coherent CPM system. Simulations show that the limitation distance of the CPM signal is20kilometers longer than that of the traditional QPSK signal.
光纤传输系统中的信号处理过程称为信号恢复过程,根据传输系统中的信号损伤,信号恢复过程如下：首先针对混频器的参数非理想状态进行正交化,然后依据信道的特征对信号进行静态均衡和动态均衡,最后是对信号进行时钟同步以及载频估计和相位恢复。再对恢复后的信号进行码元的判决,就得到了发送端的原始码元。基于相干光传输系统的调制手段主要是四进制相位调制(QPSK)以及高阶正交幅度调制(QAM),此类调制方法提出的思路主要是针对大容量通信的需求,但是大容量的通信系统会带来传输距离受限的缺点。从前面的信号恢复过程和调制方法可以看出,提升系统传输距离有两个关键点：(1)对信号损伤机理的分析,使信号能在长距离传输下还能进行恢复；(2)新型调制格式的选取,使得调制方法能更好地抑制信道损伤。本文正是从这两个关键点出发,提出了混频器的信号损伤的原理、信道均衡代价与信道特征的关系和连续相位调制方式与相干接收的通信系统的结合方法。
混频器的信号损伤机理的原理主要建立在信号星座图的基础上,将有关偏振光的一些数学理论应用在信号星座图上,推导出星座图上的图形的几何参数与混频器参数之间的关系,得出混频器损伤信号的机理。信道均衡代价与信道特征的分析,主要针对不同长度下光纤信道的色散(CD)和偏振模(PMD)下的损伤进行有限冲击响应滤波器(FIR)阶数的经验分析,给出了信道损伤与FIR阶数之间的关系。
连续相位调制(CPM)方式在光纤系统中的研究,分别有二进制连续相位调制和四进制连续相位调制的研究。其中,二进制连续相位调制分为最小频移键控调制(MSK)以及任意调制指数的连续相位调制方法；四进制连续相位调制方法为在深空调制手段中的经过整形的偏移四进制相位调伟(?)(SOQPSK)。由于信号的连续性特征,光信号的功率谱密度与QPSK相比,具有频谱效率高的特征,能潜在提高传输系统的抑制信道损伤的能力。
本文针对目前在光纤相干接收系统中信号损伤与调制方式的理论进行了分析,解决了信号损伤与恢复的关系问题,同时设计了连续相位调制方式与相干接收系统的结合方法。仿真结果表明,连续相位调制信号的传输距离要比现有的QPSK信号在六波长的信道中长20公里。
Signal receiving is the demodulation and recovery of a transmitted signal in the communication system. In the traditional optical communication system, the receiving mode of the optical signal is the direct detection which translating the optical signal into the electrical signal by a photodiode. The direct detection mode can not find the phase of the signal, it can only detect the on-off keying (OOK) signal whose spectrum efficiency is very low, and it can not satisfy the demand of higher communication systems. The coherent detection mode can discover the both amplitude and phase of the optical signal. It discovers the optical signal phase by the hybrid of the signal light and local light. It makes the signal processing technology applied to the optical transmission system.
The signal process in optical transmission system is called the signal recovery, which has the following steps:orthogonalization to the non-ideal hybrid, channel equalization to the impairments, synchronous of the symbol, frequency and phase recovery of the signal. Symbol estimation and decoding is carried out at last to get the original symbol at the transmitter. The main modulation formats in the coherent optical system are quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) and quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), which can develop the capacity of the system but the transmission distance, will be limited. From the steps, the two key parts are the analysis of the signal impairment mechanism and the selection of a modulated signal. This dissertation focuses on these two points and processes a theory of the signal impairment in the hybrid, a relationship between the channel impairments and equalization and a method of continuous phase modulation (CPM) applied to the optical transmission system.
The signal impairment mechanism in the hybrid is based on the constellation and the theory of the polarized light. The relationship between geometric parameters on the constellation and the hybrid parameters is the signal impairment process in the hybrid. The relation between the equalization complexity and channel characteristic is according to the empirical analysis on the finite impulse response (FIR) taps needed to the different channel length.
The research on the CPM signal includes the binary CPM signal and quaternary CPM signal. The binary CPM signal contains the minimum shift keying (MSK) signal and CPM signal with arbitrary modulation index. The quaternary CPM signal is the shaped offset quadrature phase shift keying (SOQPSK) signal which is applied in outer space communication system. The spectrum efficiency of the CPM signal is better than the traditional quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) signal, it can potentially improve the ability of the inhibition to the channel impairments in the transmission system.
The dissertation intends to analysis the signal impairments and modulation in the optical system. We solve the relationship issues of the impairment and equalization and design an optical coherent CPM system. Simulations show that the limitation distance of the CPM signal is20kilometers longer than that of the traditional QPSK signal.
引文
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