民族乡村社区参与旅游发展研究
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摘要
社区参与作为旅游可持续发展的一种途径被学者们广泛提倡。近年来,国家通过大力发展乡村旅游减少民族乡村社区居民贫困现象以及科学发展观的提出,促使民族乡村社区参与旅游发展成为我国学者关注的重点。本文总结了目前国内外学者研究的不足,首先分析了国外社区参与的理论基础,国外的社区参与建立在参与决策和规划的基础之上,继而产生利益分配。针对我国的特殊国情,作者提出了我国的社区参与应该从参与利益分配促进参与决策；同时,从利益相关者理论出发,分析了民族乡村社区的4个主要利益主体居民、游客、政府、企业以及他们对存在问题的感知。然后,对德夯苗寨进行了实证研究,实地研究中采用了参与观察法、关键人物访谈以及问卷调查方法,主要进行了以下几个方面的研究：1)评估社区居民参与利益分配的现状；2)研究社区居民参与旅游决策的意愿及有效性；3)地方政府及企业在社区参与过程中应起到的作用；4)游客对于社区参与旅游发展的感知及评价。根据研究结果,作者论证了我国民族乡村社区获益是参与旅游发展的初衷和原动力,社区参与应从参与利益分配开始。最后,从社区参与旅游发展的两个理论基础出发,针对政府、企业、居民、游客提出了促进社区参与旅游发展的具体途径以及需要构建的机制。
本文以居民为主,结合游客、政府、企业较全面的考察了民族乡村社区参与旅游发展,在实际中,作者收集到的信息、学到的经验和教训、以及提出的建议都可以供其它类似的民族乡村地区旅游发展作为借鉴。
Community participation has been advocated broadly as a sustainable way in tourism by researchers.Researchers concern about the ethnic rural community participation in tourism development, accompanied by Chinese government developing rural tourism to eliminate poverty and advocating scientific development recently.This article summaries the deficiency of current studies, firstly, the author analyzes the theory basis of community participation in western academics, it is based on participation in decision making and planning. For Chinese special condition, the author advocates that we go from benefit-sharing to decision-making. At the same time, the author analyzes the four main stakeholders in the ethnic rural community, and their perceptions to the existing problems. Then, the author did field research about Dehang by using methods of participatory research, key-informant interview, questionnaire-survey, including contents as follows:1) assessment about the current benefits-sharing of rural people; 2) research about community participation will and availability; 3) the function of the local government and the enterprise; 4) tourists perceptions and assessment about community participation in tourism development. From the results, the author verifies that benefit-sharing is the promotion about community participation should be from benefit-sharing to decision-making. At last, there are some advices for four stakeholders in promoting community participation in tourism development.
This article analyzes community participation in tourism development explicitly. The experiences and suggestions learned in practical can be used for other similar ethnic communities.
本文以居民为主,结合游客、政府、企业较全面的考察了民族乡村社区参与旅游发展,在实际中,作者收集到的信息、学到的经验和教训、以及提出的建议都可以供其它类似的民族乡村地区旅游发展作为借鉴。
Community participation has been advocated broadly as a sustainable way in tourism by researchers.Researchers concern about the ethnic rural community participation in tourism development, accompanied by Chinese government developing rural tourism to eliminate poverty and advocating scientific development recently.This article summaries the deficiency of current studies, firstly, the author analyzes the theory basis of community participation in western academics, it is based on participation in decision making and planning. For Chinese special condition, the author advocates that we go from benefit-sharing to decision-making. At the same time, the author analyzes the four main stakeholders in the ethnic rural community, and their perceptions to the existing problems. Then, the author did field research about Dehang by using methods of participatory research, key-informant interview, questionnaire-survey, including contents as follows:1) assessment about the current benefits-sharing of rural people; 2) research about community participation will and availability; 3) the function of the local government and the enterprise; 4) tourists perceptions and assessment about community participation in tourism development. From the results, the author verifies that benefit-sharing is the promotion about community participation should be from benefit-sharing to decision-making. At last, there are some advices for four stakeholders in promoting community participation in tourism development.
This article analyzes community participation in tourism development explicitly. The experiences and suggestions learned in practical can be used for other similar ethnic communities.
引文
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