用户名: 密码: 验证码:
西藏扎布耶盐湖初级碳酸锂脱色工艺研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
扎布耶盐湖水属于典型的Li~+,Na~+,K~+//Cl~-,CO_3~(2-),HCO~-,SO_4,B_4O_7~(2-)-H_2O八元体系,锂含量高达1000mg/l,特别是Mg/Li低,最终产品可直接以Li_2CO_3形式析出。
     在郑绵平院士的领导下,中国地质科学院矿藏所盐湖与热水资源研究发展中心、西藏扎布耶锂业高科技有限公司开展了对扎布耶盐湖提锂的研究和实现产业化工作。在扎布耶盐湖现场建成盐田,实现了以盐湖卤水为原料,采用“冷冻除碱—日晒蒸发浓缩—太阳池升温结晶—碳酸锂精矿”生产工艺,产出Li_2CO_3含量20%-60%的碳酸锂混盐。初级碳酸锂除含Na~+、K~+、Cl~-、SO_4~(2-)等杂质无机离子外,还出现产品着色问题。
     本课题针对初级碳酸锂产品脱色问题,进行了一系列的工作。首先对初级碳酸锂色度进行观察分析,分析了着色原因,接着从脱色和提纯的角度,设计了初级产品洗涤、酸溶精制和碳化精制三部分实验。
     实验取得了较满意的结果,精制碳酸锂产品在颜色指标和纯度上都达到了工业产品的要求,其中以碳化法效果最为理想。同时获得了一系列有价值的实验数据,为扩大实验工艺参数的选择和优化提供了依据。
     本研究还应用Pitzer理论,参照前人的研究成果,拟合出Li+,Na~+(K~+)//Cl~-,CO_3~(2-)四元交互体系溶解度数据,绘制了相图,并建立了数学模型。据此进行的理论计算值与实验结果符合。所得结果对实现初级碳酸锂精制产业化具有积极的指导价值。
Zabuye Lake is a typical carbonate salt lake in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The content of lithium is above 1000mg/l, and the ratio of Mg to Li is low. So Li2CO3 can separate out directly.
    Zheng Mianping , the famous academician of Research and Development Center of Saline Lake and Epithermal Deposits, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, and the high-tech Ltd. of lithium industry in Zabuye Tibet have done research on extracting lithium from salt lakes for many years. Their production process is 'freeze-concentration-crystallization'. The content of Li2CO3 in the mixed salt production is about 20%-60%. Besides Li2CO3, this raw production contains Na+, K+, Cl-, SO42- and some unknown coloring component.
    To remove the color from the raw Li2CO3, many research efforts have been done. First, the causation of coloring has been studied. Then, three experiments, washing experiment, acid dissolve experiment and bicarbonating experiment, have been designed for decolorization. The best one is bicarbonating treatment. These efforts are introduced in this paper.
    Through these treatments, the refined Li2CO3 can measure up to the industry standard. Some valuable experimental data are obtained, which will provide the basis for optimization of production practices and parameters.
    The Pitzer theory is applied to predict the solubility of salt in Li+,Na+(K+)//Cr, CO32--H2O system, and the phase diagram is made. According to the mathematical model, the material consumptions are calculated, which are accurate enough to meet most experimental results. This will be an active contribution to the lithium industry.
引文
[1] 乜贞,碳酸型盐湖卤水提锂工艺研究,中国地质科学院博士论文,2000
    [2] 曹兆汉,国外锂资源开发利用(上),盐湖研究,1989,1
    [3] 曹兆汉,国外锂资源开发利用(下),盐湖研究,1989,2,28—40
    [4] 郑绵平、向军,青藏高原盐湖,北京科学技术出版社,1989
    [5] 何若凡、李永祺,嗜盐细菌的研究进展,海洋通报,1993,12(5):84-88
    [6] 张红鸣,徐捷编著,实用着色与配色技术,北京:化学工业出版社,2001
    [7] 天津轻工业学院盐业系制盐教研室,制盐工艺学(下),1997(内部资料)
    [8] 牛自得,程芳琴等,水盐体系相图及其应用,天津大学出版社,2002
    [9] 曾诚壁,刘志达等,海盐工业分析,第一版,轻工业出版社,北京,1989
    [10] 牛自得等,Na~+,K~+//Cl~-,SO_4~(2-)-H_2O体系25℃溶解度的预测,计算机与应用化学,1987,4(4):301-306
    [11] 邓天龙等,四元交互体系Li~+,K~+/Cl~-,CO_3~(2-)-H_2O在298K时相平衡及物理化学性质研究,高等学校化学学报,2000,21(10):1572-1574
    [12] 曾英等,四元交互体系Li~+,Na~+/CO_3~(2-),B_4O_7~(2-)-H_2O298K相关系的理论预测及实验研究,应用化学,2001,18(10):794-797
    [13] 梁保民编著,水盐体系相图原理及运用,第一版,轻工业出版社,1986
    [14] 天津大学物理化学教研室编,物理化学,高等教育出版社
    [15] Hee-Talk Kim and William J. Frederick, Jr. Evaluation of Pitzer ion interaction parameters of aqueous electrolytes at 25℃. 1. single salt parameters, J. Chem. Eng. Data 1988,33,278-283
    [16] Jia-zhen Yang and Kenneth S. Pitzer, Thermodynamics of electrolyte mixtures. Activity and osmotic coefficients consistent with the higher-order limiting law for symmetrical mixing, Journal of Solution Chemistry, 1988,17(10),909-924
    [17] Hee-Talk Kim and William J. Frederick, Jr. Evaluation-of Pitzer ion interaction parameters of aqueous mixed electrolyte solutions at 25℃. 2. ternary mixing parameters, J. Chem. Eng. Data 1988,33,278-283
    [18] 何光渝等编,FORTRAN77算法手册,北京:科学出版社,1993
    [19] 丁绪维等,工业结晶,北京:化学工业出版社,1984
    [20] 天津化工研究院,无机盐工业手册,第二版,上册,北京:化学工业出版社,1996
    [21] 化学工业部天津化工研究院等,化工产品手册(无机化工产品),北京:化学工业出版社,1982

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700