广东省三座大型供水水库浮游植物群落结构动态及其与环境因子的关系
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摘要
高州水库、南水水库、大沙河水库是广东省三座大型水库,近年来水库均发生过蓝藻水华。为了解其发生的原因与特征,该论文于2010年对三座水库进行了周年与季节性的水质和浮游生物动态的监测与研究。分析环境因子与浮游植物群落结构的相关性,以了解影响浮游植物群落变动的主要环境因子。本论文研究主要结果如下：
1、高州水库、南水水库、大沙河水库年平均总氮低于1mg/L,季节分布特点表现为枯水期较高,丰水期较低。总磷浓度在大沙河水库与高州水库表现为枯水较高,丰水期较低,南水水库浓度极低,受季节变化的影响较小。
2、三座水库周年共检测到浮游植物87种隶属7大门类。大沙河水库与高州水库常年均以绿藻门种类最多,蓝藻门种类次之；南水水库硅藻门种类较多,绿藻门次之。
3、高州水库3-4月蓝藻丰度较高,丰水期绿藻丰度较高；大沙河水库浮游植物丰度较高,6-9月绿藻占优势,其它时期蓝藻占优势；南水水库浮游植物丰度较低,硅藻-绿藻占优势。高州水库1-5月以粘质鱼腥藻、水华微囊藻为优势种,其它时期扁鼓藻、角星鼓藻、小环藻等为优势种。大沙河水库6-9月角星鼓藻等为优势种,其它时期微囊藻成为优势种。南水水库以小环藻和直链藻为优势种。
4、三座水库营养状态水平存在差异,典范对应分析与相关性分析表明影响藻类群落结构的影响因子不同。在高州水库,硝氮对蓝藻群落的影响较大,而绿藻群落则受温度的影响较大；南水水库中,电导率与正磷对硅藻群落的影响较大,也是影响优势种变化的主要环境因子；在大沙河水库,氨氮、总磷与电导率是影响优势种群落变化的主要环境因子。
5、高州水库在枯水期降雨较少,水库水位与库容较低,透明度下降,水温下降,更有益于对低温较好适应能力的种类—粘质鱼腥藻成为优势种并形成水华。在丰水期,表层水温增加,水体分层加剧,同时降雨大幅度提高,水位显著升高,水华微囊藻的优势度增加,取代了粘质鱼腥藻成为最主要的优势种,但由于总丰度下降,蓝藻水华消失。
To know phytoplankton community and its relationship with environmental factors in three reservoirs, Gaozhou reservoir, Nanshui reservoir and Dashahe reservoir, we monthly investigated phytoplankton community structure and environmental factors from January to Desember in 2010. Correlation analysis and Canonical correspondence analysis are used for exploring the relationship between phytoplankton comminuty and environmental factors.
The average total nitrogen concentration in Gaozhou, Nanshui and Dashahe reserivors were less than 1 mg/L. Total nitrogen concentration was higher in dry season than in wet season. Total phosphorus concentration in Dashahe and Gaozhou reserviors were higer in dry season than in wet season, and it was low without seasonal dynamics in Nanshui reservoir.
Eighty seven taxons in 7 phylas were identified in the three reservoirs. Chlorophyta contributed to most phytoplankton species in Dashahe and Gaozhou reservoirs. Most species of phytoplankton belonged to Bacillariophyta and Chlorophyta in Nanshui reservoir.
Cyanophyta dominated the phytopalnkton assemblage from March to Apirl and Chlorophyta dominated in wet season in Gaozhou reservoir. Anabaena mucosa and Microcystis flos-aquae were the predominant species from January to May and Cosmarium sp. staurastrum sp. and Cyclotella sp. were predomomant species in the other periods. Chlorphyta dominated phytoplankton assemblage from June to September and Cyanophyta dominanted phytoplankton assemblage in the other period in Dashahe reservoir. Staurastrum sp. was the predominant species from June to September but Microcystis sp. in the other periods. Bacillariophyta and Chlorphyta were dominant classes in Nanshui reservoir, and Cyclotella sp. and Melosira sp. were the predominant species.
The environmental factors primarily regulating the dynamics of phytoplankton community were different between three reservoirs. In Gaozhou Reservoir, Canonical correspondence analysis showed that nitrate concentration was the most important factor for determing Cyanophyta abundance, while Chlorophyta abundance was mainly affected by water temperature. Conductivity and phosphate concentration were the main environment factors structuring the phytoplankton community in Nanshui reservoir; Ammonium, phosphate concentrations and conductivity were the critical environment factors for structuring phytoplankton community in Dashahe reservoir.
Low precipitation, low water level and storage capacity, and decreasing water transparency and temperature Gaozhou reservoir in dry season, contributed to Anabaena mucus turning into the dominant species and forming cyanobacterial blooms. In flood season, increase of precipitation resulted in high water level, and thermal stratification occurred in water column. Microcystis flos-aquae dominated the phytoplankton community gradually replacing Anabaena mucus, the blooms finally disappeared with a dramatic decrease of total cyanobacteral biomass.
1、高州水库、南水水库、大沙河水库年平均总氮低于1mg/L,季节分布特点表现为枯水期较高,丰水期较低。总磷浓度在大沙河水库与高州水库表现为枯水较高,丰水期较低,南水水库浓度极低,受季节变化的影响较小。
2、三座水库周年共检测到浮游植物87种隶属7大门类。大沙河水库与高州水库常年均以绿藻门种类最多,蓝藻门种类次之；南水水库硅藻门种类较多,绿藻门次之。
3、高州水库3-4月蓝藻丰度较高,丰水期绿藻丰度较高；大沙河水库浮游植物丰度较高,6-9月绿藻占优势,其它时期蓝藻占优势；南水水库浮游植物丰度较低,硅藻-绿藻占优势。高州水库1-5月以粘质鱼腥藻、水华微囊藻为优势种,其它时期扁鼓藻、角星鼓藻、小环藻等为优势种。大沙河水库6-9月角星鼓藻等为优势种,其它时期微囊藻成为优势种。南水水库以小环藻和直链藻为优势种。
4、三座水库营养状态水平存在差异,典范对应分析与相关性分析表明影响藻类群落结构的影响因子不同。在高州水库,硝氮对蓝藻群落的影响较大,而绿藻群落则受温度的影响较大；南水水库中,电导率与正磷对硅藻群落的影响较大,也是影响优势种变化的主要环境因子；在大沙河水库,氨氮、总磷与电导率是影响优势种群落变化的主要环境因子。
5、高州水库在枯水期降雨较少,水库水位与库容较低,透明度下降,水温下降,更有益于对低温较好适应能力的种类—粘质鱼腥藻成为优势种并形成水华。在丰水期,表层水温增加,水体分层加剧,同时降雨大幅度提高,水位显著升高,水华微囊藻的优势度增加,取代了粘质鱼腥藻成为最主要的优势种,但由于总丰度下降,蓝藻水华消失。
To know phytoplankton community and its relationship with environmental factors in three reservoirs, Gaozhou reservoir, Nanshui reservoir and Dashahe reservoir, we monthly investigated phytoplankton community structure and environmental factors from January to Desember in 2010. Correlation analysis and Canonical correspondence analysis are used for exploring the relationship between phytoplankton comminuty and environmental factors.
The average total nitrogen concentration in Gaozhou, Nanshui and Dashahe reserivors were less than 1 mg/L. Total nitrogen concentration was higher in dry season than in wet season. Total phosphorus concentration in Dashahe and Gaozhou reserviors were higer in dry season than in wet season, and it was low without seasonal dynamics in Nanshui reservoir.
Eighty seven taxons in 7 phylas were identified in the three reservoirs. Chlorophyta contributed to most phytoplankton species in Dashahe and Gaozhou reservoirs. Most species of phytoplankton belonged to Bacillariophyta and Chlorophyta in Nanshui reservoir.
Cyanophyta dominated the phytopalnkton assemblage from March to Apirl and Chlorophyta dominated in wet season in Gaozhou reservoir. Anabaena mucosa and Microcystis flos-aquae were the predominant species from January to May and Cosmarium sp. staurastrum sp. and Cyclotella sp. were predomomant species in the other periods. Chlorphyta dominated phytoplankton assemblage from June to September and Cyanophyta dominanted phytoplankton assemblage in the other period in Dashahe reservoir. Staurastrum sp. was the predominant species from June to September but Microcystis sp. in the other periods. Bacillariophyta and Chlorphyta were dominant classes in Nanshui reservoir, and Cyclotella sp. and Melosira sp. were the predominant species.
The environmental factors primarily regulating the dynamics of phytoplankton community were different between three reservoirs. In Gaozhou Reservoir, Canonical correspondence analysis showed that nitrate concentration was the most important factor for determing Cyanophyta abundance, while Chlorophyta abundance was mainly affected by water temperature. Conductivity and phosphate concentration were the main environment factors structuring the phytoplankton community in Nanshui reservoir; Ammonium, phosphate concentrations and conductivity were the critical environment factors for structuring phytoplankton community in Dashahe reservoir.
Low precipitation, low water level and storage capacity, and decreasing water transparency and temperature Gaozhou reservoir in dry season, contributed to Anabaena mucus turning into the dominant species and forming cyanobacterial blooms. In flood season, increase of precipitation resulted in high water level, and thermal stratification occurred in water column. Microcystis flos-aquae dominated the phytoplankton community gradually replacing Anabaena mucus, the blooms finally disappeared with a dramatic decrease of total cyanobacteral biomass.
引文
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