标准化钢筋间隔件在混凝土保护层施工质量控制中的应用研究
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摘要
改革开放后,随着国民经济的快速发展,工程建设规模逐年递增,各种的建筑结构形式也层出不穷。而在工程上应用最为广泛、技术比较成熟的还是钢筋混凝土结构。近几年来对钢筋混凝土耐久性的研究一直是工程界的热点。而钢筋混凝土保护层的质量是结构耐久性的直接影响因素之一。然而,钢筋混凝土保护层一直以来得不到重视,传统工艺难以保证保护层的质量,本文主要对钢筋混凝土保护层的施工质量进行分析,通过试验和工程试点研究一种新型钢筋间隔件施工技术及其适用性,探索出我国标准化间隔件保证混凝土保护层质量的发展道路。
本文通过大量的文献阅读和实地调研,经过作者本人的施工实践,比较了国内外规范中对钢筋混凝土保护层的要求,分析了目前国内外对钢筋混凝土保护层的各种质量控制手段,并提出采用新型钢筋间隔件控制保护层质量的方法。
本文进行了钢筋间隔件的一系列试验,实验内容包括混凝土板受力试验、混凝土板施工缝使用性能试验、高支架间隔件受力试验。实验结果表明:使用新型钢筋间隔件的混凝土板在施工缝的受力性能、使用性能等均优于使用传统做法的混凝土板。
其后以作者施工的工程作为试点,对本文所取得的实验结果在实际工程中进行应用,通过对保护层的实体检测以及观感评定,进一步验证了采用新型钢筋间隔件控制保护层的方法在保证保护层施工质量方面的明显效果。
同时本文还进行了与传统的间隔件即砂浆垫块、塑料垫块在经济性方面的比较,结果表明标准化间隔件产品与传统垫块产品在造价上增加的费用并不突出,而其带来的对施工速度的提高、管理的促进和质量的保证却十分明显,是工程参与各方有目共睹的。因此作为工程的甲方,在增加费用不高的情况下带来较高的经济效益和社会效益,也是非常乐意接受的。
最后本文还对进行钢筋混凝土间隔件标准化工作的必要性、可行性进行了初步探讨,提出了一系列建立钢筋混凝土间隔件标准化的建议。
With the rapid development of the national economy after the reform and opening up, the scale of construction has been increasing year after year. Various structure forms are emerging. And reinforced concrete structure is the most widely used in engineering and relatively mature in technology. In recent years the study of the durability of reinforced concrete in engineering has been very hot. And the quality of reinforced concrete spacers is one of the factors which directly affect the durability of the structure. However, little importance has been attached to the quality of reinforced concrete spacers, and traditional techniques can't assure the quality of spacers. This thesis analyzes the construction quality of spacers in reinforced concrete, verifies the application and advancement of the steel spacers combined with experiment and engineering practice, and explores a new way to control the quality of standardized spacers.
I have collected a large number of documents, made investigations on the spot, and practiced in building sites to write the paper. This paper compares the differences between domestic and foreign codes in the spacers of reinforced concrete, analyzing various means of quality control in spacers. Meanwhile a new model of steel spacers is presented to make sure the quality control.
Experiments of steel spacers have been made including bearing test of concrete slab, performance test of construction joint, bearing test of high support spacers . Results reveal that bearing performance, practicability of concrete slab , when using new style steel spacers , are better than those using traditional spacers.
Combined with pilot project the author instructed, this paper applies the experimental results into practice and, further proved new style steel spacers have significant effect on quality control of cover layers through solid inspection and sense evaluation.
Meanwhile, this paper compares new style spacers with traditional spacers, such as mortar spacers and plastic spacers. It is found that using new style spacers does not result in much higher expense, however, construction speed and quality control are significantly improved. Investors are willing to accept new style spacer since it does not result in higher expense while bring in good economic and social benefits.
Finally, this paper deals with the necessity and feasibility of reinforced concrete spacers and gives some advice of standardization of concrete spacers.
本文通过大量的文献阅读和实地调研,经过作者本人的施工实践,比较了国内外规范中对钢筋混凝土保护层的要求,分析了目前国内外对钢筋混凝土保护层的各种质量控制手段,并提出采用新型钢筋间隔件控制保护层质量的方法。
本文进行了钢筋间隔件的一系列试验,实验内容包括混凝土板受力试验、混凝土板施工缝使用性能试验、高支架间隔件受力试验。实验结果表明:使用新型钢筋间隔件的混凝土板在施工缝的受力性能、使用性能等均优于使用传统做法的混凝土板。
其后以作者施工的工程作为试点,对本文所取得的实验结果在实际工程中进行应用,通过对保护层的实体检测以及观感评定,进一步验证了采用新型钢筋间隔件控制保护层的方法在保证保护层施工质量方面的明显效果。
同时本文还进行了与传统的间隔件即砂浆垫块、塑料垫块在经济性方面的比较,结果表明标准化间隔件产品与传统垫块产品在造价上增加的费用并不突出,而其带来的对施工速度的提高、管理的促进和质量的保证却十分明显,是工程参与各方有目共睹的。因此作为工程的甲方,在增加费用不高的情况下带来较高的经济效益和社会效益,也是非常乐意接受的。
最后本文还对进行钢筋混凝土间隔件标准化工作的必要性、可行性进行了初步探讨,提出了一系列建立钢筋混凝土间隔件标准化的建议。
With the rapid development of the national economy after the reform and opening up, the scale of construction has been increasing year after year. Various structure forms are emerging. And reinforced concrete structure is the most widely used in engineering and relatively mature in technology. In recent years the study of the durability of reinforced concrete in engineering has been very hot. And the quality of reinforced concrete spacers is one of the factors which directly affect the durability of the structure. However, little importance has been attached to the quality of reinforced concrete spacers, and traditional techniques can't assure the quality of spacers. This thesis analyzes the construction quality of spacers in reinforced concrete, verifies the application and advancement of the steel spacers combined with experiment and engineering practice, and explores a new way to control the quality of standardized spacers.
I have collected a large number of documents, made investigations on the spot, and practiced in building sites to write the paper. This paper compares the differences between domestic and foreign codes in the spacers of reinforced concrete, analyzing various means of quality control in spacers. Meanwhile a new model of steel spacers is presented to make sure the quality control.
Experiments of steel spacers have been made including bearing test of concrete slab, performance test of construction joint, bearing test of high support spacers . Results reveal that bearing performance, practicability of concrete slab , when using new style steel spacers , are better than those using traditional spacers.
Combined with pilot project the author instructed, this paper applies the experimental results into practice and, further proved new style steel spacers have significant effect on quality control of cover layers through solid inspection and sense evaluation.
Meanwhile, this paper compares new style spacers with traditional spacers, such as mortar spacers and plastic spacers. It is found that using new style spacers does not result in much higher expense, however, construction speed and quality control are significantly improved. Investors are willing to accept new style spacer since it does not result in higher expense while bring in good economic and social benefits.
Finally, this paper deals with the necessity and feasibility of reinforced concrete spacers and gives some advice of standardization of concrete spacers.
引文
[1]耿敬,耿赞松.交通工程施工中的钢筋混凝土保护层问题,黑龙江水利科技,2000,04
[2]钢筋混凝土原理和分析,清华大学出版社,2003.12
[3]杨谊.贵阳市建筑工程若干质量问题的对策研究,硕士学位论文,天津大学2003
[4]苏晋鹏.钢筋保护层厚度检测分析与探讨,建筑技术,2006,01
[5]张建荣,黄鼎业.钢筋混凝土保护层厚度的误差分析及构造技术建议,工业建筑1999,11
[6]陈志永.塑料垫块在钢筋保护层中的推广应用,建材技术与应用,2005,01
[7]中华人民共和国建设部,混凝土结构工程施工质量验收规范GB50204-2002
[8]徐有邻,刘刚,程志军,王晓锋.混凝土结构重钢筋保护层厚度的检验,施工技术2005,04
[9]黄绮纹,一种控制混凝土保护层厚度的新方法,广州建筑,1996,02
[10]G R Martin1A method for determining the relative permeability of con2 crete using gas[J]1M.C.R,1986,38(135):90-941
[11]中华人民共和国建设部,混凝土结构设计规范,GB50010-2002
[12]中华人民共和国建设部,建筑桩基技术规范,JGJ94-94
[13]中华人民共和国建设部,公路桥涵施工技术规范,JTJ041-2000
[14]ACI committee 318,Building Code Requirements for Structure Concrete(ACI 318—02)and Commentary(ACI 318—02) 2002
[15]日本建筑施工标准规定,JASS5,2003
[16]朱波,丁宏旭,王晓亮,混凝土保护层厚度偏差过大引起的危害,混凝土2002,02
[17]黄绮纹,使用塑料垫块及钢筋支架控制混凝土保护层的方法,建筑技术,1997,10
[18]中国建筑工业出版社,建筑施工手册,2003.09
[19]中国建筑工业出版社,土建结构的安全与耐久性,2003
[20]Bryan Marsh.Specification and achievement of cover to reinforcement,in Advanced Concrete Technology Concrete Properties.Elsevier Ltd,UK.2003.14/1-14/9
[21]刘颖.关于钢筋保护层厚度实体检验问题的探讨,安徽建筑,2003
[22]孙士毅,张爱国,朱贤.混凝土结构实体检验的若干问题,建筑技术,2006 01
[23]Reinforcement spacers & accessories,sales@buildspan-uk.com,www.buildspan-uk.co
[24]KS京都间隔件株式会社,Spacers Guide
[25]明善译 不足的混凝土保护层,concrete 2000 02
[26]上海辞书出版社,辞海,2003
[27]外国语出版社,牛津现代高级英语词典,2003
[28]桑德斯,标准化的目的与原理,中国标准出版社
[29]国际标准化组织,ISO9000质量管理体系标准及审核
[30]J G Gabrear.A new gas permeameter for measuring the permeability of mortar and concrete [J]1M1C1R,1988,40(144):177-1821
[31]吴琨.建筑标准化对多样化的调节机制初探,硕士学位论文,华南理工大学,2003
[32]阎玉芹.建筑门窗结构标准化体系及其生产管理模式的研究,硕士学位论文,山东大学,2003
[33]曲昭力.关于标准化规律的研究,中国标准化,1998,03
[34]李惠琴.标准化—产品质量的保证,航天标准化,2004,05
[35]工程建设标准化的发展,建设部标准定额司,2003
[36]黄金屏,浅谈建设产品标准化工作,给水排水,2003,08
[37]王巧云,方德瑞,我国建材标准化工作现状分析与工作对策,中国建材,2003,01
[38]R P Khatri.Methods for Determination of Water Permeability[J]1ACI a) Materials Journal,1997,May-June:257-2611
[39]李中和.标准和标准化是建筑业的基石,标准化报道
[40]混凝土的耐久性及其防护修补,中国建筑工业出版社,1990
[41]Excel在建筑工程中的应用
[42]张晏清.钢筋表面防腐蚀涂层的性能,建筑材料学报,2005,10
[43]常用建筑材料试验手册,中国建筑工业出版社
[44]R CatherlImprovements to the Figg method for determining the air per2 meability of concrete[J]IM.C.R,1984,36(129):241-2451
[45]Helene LoosveldtlExpedmental study of gas and liquid permeability of a mortar[J].C.C R,2002,(32):1357-13631
[46]Dena L Guth1Evaluation of New Air Permeability Test Device for Con2 crete[J]1ACI Natedals Journal,2001,Jan - Feb:44-511
[2]钢筋混凝土原理和分析,清华大学出版社,2003.12
[3]杨谊.贵阳市建筑工程若干质量问题的对策研究,硕士学位论文,天津大学2003
[4]苏晋鹏.钢筋保护层厚度检测分析与探讨,建筑技术,2006,01
[5]张建荣,黄鼎业.钢筋混凝土保护层厚度的误差分析及构造技术建议,工业建筑1999,11
[6]陈志永.塑料垫块在钢筋保护层中的推广应用,建材技术与应用,2005,01
[7]中华人民共和国建设部,混凝土结构工程施工质量验收规范GB50204-2002
[8]徐有邻,刘刚,程志军,王晓锋.混凝土结构重钢筋保护层厚度的检验,施工技术2005,04
[9]黄绮纹,一种控制混凝土保护层厚度的新方法,广州建筑,1996,02
[10]G R Martin1A method for determining the relative permeability of con2 crete using gas[J]1M.C.R,1986,38(135):90-941
[11]中华人民共和国建设部,混凝土结构设计规范,GB50010-2002
[12]中华人民共和国建设部,建筑桩基技术规范,JGJ94-94
[13]中华人民共和国建设部,公路桥涵施工技术规范,JTJ041-2000
[14]ACI committee 318,Building Code Requirements for Structure Concrete(ACI 318—02)and Commentary(ACI 318—02) 2002
[15]日本建筑施工标准规定,JASS5,2003
[16]朱波,丁宏旭,王晓亮,混凝土保护层厚度偏差过大引起的危害,混凝土2002,02
[17]黄绮纹,使用塑料垫块及钢筋支架控制混凝土保护层的方法,建筑技术,1997,10
[18]中国建筑工业出版社,建筑施工手册,2003.09
[19]中国建筑工业出版社,土建结构的安全与耐久性,2003
[20]Bryan Marsh.Specification and achievement of cover to reinforcement,in Advanced Concrete Technology Concrete Properties.Elsevier Ltd,UK.2003.14/1-14/9
[21]刘颖.关于钢筋保护层厚度实体检验问题的探讨,安徽建筑,2003
[22]孙士毅,张爱国,朱贤.混凝土结构实体检验的若干问题,建筑技术,2006 01
[23]Reinforcement spacers & accessories,sales@buildspan-uk.com,www.buildspan-uk.co
[24]KS京都间隔件株式会社,Spacers Guide
[25]明善译 不足的混凝土保护层,concrete 2000 02
[26]上海辞书出版社,辞海,2003
[27]外国语出版社,牛津现代高级英语词典,2003
[28]桑德斯,标准化的目的与原理,中国标准出版社
[29]国际标准化组织,ISO9000质量管理体系标准及审核
[30]J G Gabrear.A new gas permeameter for measuring the permeability of mortar and concrete [J]1M1C1R,1988,40(144):177-1821
[31]吴琨.建筑标准化对多样化的调节机制初探,硕士学位论文,华南理工大学,2003
[32]阎玉芹.建筑门窗结构标准化体系及其生产管理模式的研究,硕士学位论文,山东大学,2003
[33]曲昭力.关于标准化规律的研究,中国标准化,1998,03
[34]李惠琴.标准化—产品质量的保证,航天标准化,2004,05
[35]工程建设标准化的发展,建设部标准定额司,2003
[36]黄金屏,浅谈建设产品标准化工作,给水排水,2003,08
[37]王巧云,方德瑞,我国建材标准化工作现状分析与工作对策,中国建材,2003,01
[38]R P Khatri.Methods for Determination of Water Permeability[J]1ACI a) Materials Journal,1997,May-June:257-2611
[39]李中和.标准和标准化是建筑业的基石,标准化报道
[40]混凝土的耐久性及其防护修补,中国建筑工业出版社,1990
[41]Excel在建筑工程中的应用
[42]张晏清.钢筋表面防腐蚀涂层的性能,建筑材料学报,2005,10
[43]常用建筑材料试验手册,中国建筑工业出版社
[44]R CatherlImprovements to the Figg method for determining the air per2 meability of concrete[J]IM.C.R,1984,36(129):241-2451
[45]Helene LoosveldtlExpedmental study of gas and liquid permeability of a mortar[J].C.C R,2002,(32):1357-13631
[46]Dena L Guth1Evaluation of New Air Permeability Test Device for Con2 crete[J]1ACI Natedals Journal,2001,Jan - Feb:44-511