精密光栅数据处理系统的研究
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摘要
光栅传感器是现代精密测量领域中广泛应用的一种传感器，尤其是在线位移和角位移的测量中发挥着重要作用。由于受刻划工艺与光电转换器件体积等影响，开展电子学计数与细分技术是目前提高光栅测量精度的主要途径，采用软件设置与硬件结合定义采集系统功能和工作方式，最大限度开放给用户是精密光栅测量的发展方向。本文基于PCI总线技术进行的精密光栅数据处理系统设计，实现了微机对光栅位移测量的采集及数据处理，本文采用的光栅信号数字细分技术，能够实现光栅信号的不同倍数细分，便于用户根据需要的测量精度进行选择。
本文简要介绍了光栅精密测量的国内外发展情况，详细分析了光栅传感器的工作原理，对光栅莫尔条纹信号的辨向和数字细分技术进行了系统分析和研究。在详细分析系统功能基础上，进行了系统硬件电路设计和系统软件设计。对PCI总线协议进行了分析和研究，采用PCI9050接口芯片设计了PCI总线接口卡，编写了接口卡的驱动程序。
本文设计的基于PCI总线的光栅传感器接口卡具有小型化、便携式智能化等优点。实验证明整个系统工作稳定、可靠，基本满足了所提出的设计要求，实现了对光栅信号的50细分和100细分，并且只需改变细分软件就可提高光栅信号细分数。
The grating sensor is widely used in the modern precision measurement territory , especially in the measurement of linearity displacement and angle displacement, which has play a very important role. Limited by the scratching technology and volume of optical and electric switching equipments ,the main way of measuring precision improvement is to improve electrical counting and divining methord. By software configuration and hardware to define acquisition .system function and way of working ,and maximize the openness is the development direction of fine grating measurement.
The design that based on the PCI bus technique of precise grating data processing system of this article realizes microcomputer control about grating displacement measurement and data processing. By applying grating signal digital division technology we can divide the grating signal into multiple ways, which is very convenient for the customers.
The paper analyzes brief develop status in the world of the grating sensor, and introduces raster Mole stripe signal differentiates and figure subdivided technique, and in the meantime, designs the hardware circuit and software of the system. Based on system function analysis, we designed system hardware circuits and system software. We study and analyze PCI bus protocol and apply PCI9050's interface chip to design the interface card of PCI bus and compile drive software of its interface card.
The grating sensor interface which is based on PCI bus of this paper has a lot of merits, such as miniaturized, portable and intelligent and so on. The test demonstrates that the entire system is stable and reliable, and essentially meet the design requirement which the paper was expected propose, the software can drive grating signal 50 subdivides or 100 subdivide, moreover, it is merely require to revise subdivided software to add the grating signal subdivided figure.
本文简要介绍了光栅精密测量的国内外发展情况，详细分析了光栅传感器的工作原理，对光栅莫尔条纹信号的辨向和数字细分技术进行了系统分析和研究。在详细分析系统功能基础上，进行了系统硬件电路设计和系统软件设计。对PCI总线协议进行了分析和研究，采用PCI9050接口芯片设计了PCI总线接口卡，编写了接口卡的驱动程序。
本文设计的基于PCI总线的光栅传感器接口卡具有小型化、便携式智能化等优点。实验证明整个系统工作稳定、可靠，基本满足了所提出的设计要求，实现了对光栅信号的50细分和100细分，并且只需改变细分软件就可提高光栅信号细分数。
The grating sensor is widely used in the modern precision measurement territory , especially in the measurement of linearity displacement and angle displacement, which has play a very important role. Limited by the scratching technology and volume of optical and electric switching equipments ,the main way of measuring precision improvement is to improve electrical counting and divining methord. By software configuration and hardware to define acquisition .system function and way of working ,and maximize the openness is the development direction of fine grating measurement.
The design that based on the PCI bus technique of precise grating data processing system of this article realizes microcomputer control about grating displacement measurement and data processing. By applying grating signal digital division technology we can divide the grating signal into multiple ways, which is very convenient for the customers.
The paper analyzes brief develop status in the world of the grating sensor, and introduces raster Mole stripe signal differentiates and figure subdivided technique, and in the meantime, designs the hardware circuit and software of the system. Based on system function analysis, we designed system hardware circuits and system software. We study and analyze PCI bus protocol and apply PCI9050's interface chip to design the interface card of PCI bus and compile drive software of its interface card.
The grating sensor interface which is based on PCI bus of this paper has a lot of merits, such as miniaturized, portable and intelligent and so on. The test demonstrates that the entire system is stable and reliable, and essentially meet the design requirement which the paper was expected propose, the software can drive grating signal 50 subdivides or 100 subdivide, moreover, it is merely require to revise subdivided software to add the grating signal subdivided figure.
引文
1 叶盛祥．光电位移精密测量技术．成都：四川科技出版社 2003
2 李谋．位置检测数显技术．北京：机械工业出版社 1993
3 张洪润，张亚凡．传感技术与应用教程．北京：清华大学出版社 2005
4 魏晓蓉，刘丰文．两种莫尔条纹信号对光栅系统测量精度的影响．光电工程．2002(12)：43～45
5 杨国光．近代光学测试技术．杭州：浙江大学出版社 1996
6 强锡富．传感器(第3版)．北京：机械工业出版社 2001
7 梁长垠．光栅传感智能位移测量系统．传感器技术．2001(11)：41～43
8 韩壮志等．光电码盘四倍频分析．自动化与仪器仪表．2000(12)：25～26
9 潘松．电子设计自动化(EDA)技术及其应用．电子与自动化．2000(1)：38～42
10 薛宏熙，边计年，苏明．数字系统自动化．北京：清华大学出版社 1996
11 陆玉新，傅崇伦．电子测量．北京：国防工业出版社 1985
12 李华．MCS-51系列单片机实用接口技术．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社 1993
13 单成祥．传感器的理论与设计基础及应用．北京：国防科技工业出版社 1998
14 李殿奎．光栅计量技术．第1版．北京：中国计量出版社 1987
15 祝绍箕，黄宣韵，曹向群．光栅数字显示技术及其应用．北京：机械工业出版社 1992
16 马忠梅．单片机的C语言应用程序设计．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社 1998
17 林俊杰．Visual C++6.0程序设计．北京：科学出版社 2000
18 曹向群，黄维实，金彤．光栅计量技术．杭州：浙江大学出版社 1992
19 黄贤武，郑倏霞．传感器原理及应用．成都：电子科技大学出版社 1995
20 朱伯申，张炬．数字式传感器．第1版．北京：北京理工大学出版社 1996
21 赵茂泰．智能仪器原理及应用．第1版．北京：电子工业出版社 1999
22 徐爱钧．智能化测量控制仪表原理与设计．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社 1996
23 张慰兮．微型计算机(XCS-51系列)原理及应用．南京：南京大学出版社 1999
24 李永敏．检测仪器电子电路．西安：西北工业大学出版社 1996
25 雷丽文等．微机原理与接口技术．北京：电子工业出版社 1997
26 刘辉，冀然然等．PCI系统结构．北京：电子工业出版社 2000
27 李贵山，戚德虎．PCI局部总线开发指南．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社 1997
28 蒋志方，曾繁太．PCI总线配置空间的设备定义．计算机应用．1997(1)
29 Altera公司．Xax+PlusⅡ Getting Started
30 Analog Devices, Instrumentation and signal conditioning, 1983
31 Breuer MA, Friedman AD. Diagnosis&Design of Reliable Digital Systems. Rockville,MD: Computer Science Press, 19?6
32 Fabricius ED. Introduction to VLSI Deign. New York:McGraw-Hill, 1990
33 Katz RH. Contemporary Logic Design. Redwood City, CA:Benjamin Cammings, 1994
34 Liu Yang, Fu Qing A high-speed and adaptive multi-channel data recording system for rader target analysis NAECON' 95 USA, 1995
35 Michael John, Sebastian Smith, Application-Specific Integrated Circuits, 1998
36 Thomas Floyd, Digital Fundamentals, 1997
37 Automation products simplify integration,Control Engineering; Brrington;Mid-Decl998
38 James w. Bignall,Robert L.Donovan,Digital Electronics,Delmar Publishers Inc. 1994
39 Thomasl Floyd, Digital Fundamentals 1997
40 Tom Shanley, Don Anderson. PCI System Architecture, Mindshare,Inc,1999
2 李谋．位置检测数显技术．北京：机械工业出版社 1993
3 张洪润，张亚凡．传感技术与应用教程．北京：清华大学出版社 2005
4 魏晓蓉，刘丰文．两种莫尔条纹信号对光栅系统测量精度的影响．光电工程．2002(12)：43～45
5 杨国光．近代光学测试技术．杭州：浙江大学出版社 1996
6 强锡富．传感器(第3版)．北京：机械工业出版社 2001
7 梁长垠．光栅传感智能位移测量系统．传感器技术．2001(11)：41～43
8 韩壮志等．光电码盘四倍频分析．自动化与仪器仪表．2000(12)：25～26
9 潘松．电子设计自动化(EDA)技术及其应用．电子与自动化．2000(1)：38～42
10 薛宏熙，边计年，苏明．数字系统自动化．北京：清华大学出版社 1996
11 陆玉新，傅崇伦．电子测量．北京：国防工业出版社 1985
12 李华．MCS-51系列单片机实用接口技术．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社 1993
13 单成祥．传感器的理论与设计基础及应用．北京：国防科技工业出版社 1998
14 李殿奎．光栅计量技术．第1版．北京：中国计量出版社 1987
15 祝绍箕，黄宣韵，曹向群．光栅数字显示技术及其应用．北京：机械工业出版社 1992
16 马忠梅．单片机的C语言应用程序设计．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社 1998
17 林俊杰．Visual C++6.0程序设计．北京：科学出版社 2000
18 曹向群，黄维实，金彤．光栅计量技术．杭州：浙江大学出版社 1992
19 黄贤武，郑倏霞．传感器原理及应用．成都：电子科技大学出版社 1995
20 朱伯申，张炬．数字式传感器．第1版．北京：北京理工大学出版社 1996
21 赵茂泰．智能仪器原理及应用．第1版．北京：电子工业出版社 1999
22 徐爱钧．智能化测量控制仪表原理与设计．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社 1996
23 张慰兮．微型计算机(XCS-51系列)原理及应用．南京：南京大学出版社 1999
24 李永敏．检测仪器电子电路．西安：西北工业大学出版社 1996
25 雷丽文等．微机原理与接口技术．北京：电子工业出版社 1997
26 刘辉，冀然然等．PCI系统结构．北京：电子工业出版社 2000
27 李贵山，戚德虎．PCI局部总线开发指南．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社 1997
28 蒋志方，曾繁太．PCI总线配置空间的设备定义．计算机应用．1997(1)
29 Altera公司．Xax+PlusⅡ Getting Started
30 Analog Devices, Instrumentation and signal conditioning, 1983
31 Breuer MA, Friedman AD. Diagnosis&Design of Reliable Digital Systems. Rockville,MD: Computer Science Press, 19?6
32 Fabricius ED. Introduction to VLSI Deign. New York:McGraw-Hill, 1990
33 Katz RH. Contemporary Logic Design. Redwood City, CA:Benjamin Cammings, 1994
34 Liu Yang, Fu Qing A high-speed and adaptive multi-channel data recording system for rader target analysis NAECON' 95 USA, 1995
35 Michael John, Sebastian Smith, Application-Specific Integrated Circuits, 1998
36 Thomas Floyd, Digital Fundamentals, 1997
37 Automation products simplify integration,Control Engineering; Brrington;Mid-Decl998
38 James w. Bignall,Robert L.Donovan,Digital Electronics,Delmar Publishers Inc. 1994
39 Thomasl Floyd, Digital Fundamentals 1997
40 Tom Shanley, Don Anderson. PCI System Architecture, Mindshare,Inc,1999