个人用户创新行为的影响因素研究
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摘要
以往的大量研究证明,用户创新正在成为一种日益普遍的现象。同时不少学者通过若干行业的实证研究揭示了用户在创新过程中起到了至关重要的作用。如何有效地发掘和利用用户创新,以降低企业的创新风险,成了学术界和实业界共同关注的话题。以往的研究中多数讨论的是如何区分创新与非创新的用户,很少探究到底哪些因素影响了用户创新程度的不同,并提出完整的理论框架。
本文从用户创新现象入手,回顾了以往的研究,对相关文献进行了综述,整理形成了用户创新的概念、特点和行为模式,总结了用户创新的相关研究成果。同时为了能更好的解释用户创新这一行为,发掘不同影响因素的内在联系,本文将引入技术接受领域的UTAUT模型,对哪些因素影响了用户进行创新的程度以及如何影响进行深入讨论。文章首先论证引入统一的技术接受模型来研究用户创新行为的合理性;然后提出影响用户创新实现程度的四个主要因素:预期收益、预期成本、社交影响和促进条件;之后讨论经验和个人创新性对这四个因素的调制作用,提出完整的研究模型与假设。
根据实证分析的结果,本研究发现:影响个人用户领先程度的主要因素是用户的预期收益和社会影响,预期付出对领先程度没有显著影响,同时预期收益和预期付出受到经验和个人创新性的调制。影响个人用户实现其创新想法的主要因素是预期收益、预期付出和社会影响,促进条件对其作用不显著。同时预期付出和社会影响这两个因素都受到经验和个人创新性的调制。
在结论与展望部分,针对本文研究的结论进行总结,并据此为企业提供一些可能的建议,并且为今后的研究做出展望。
A large number of previous researches show that, the phenomenon of user innovation is becoming increasing common. Furthermore, many scholars revealed the user has played an important role in the innovation process through empirical research in several industries. It is a hot topic that how an enterprise can exploit and make full use of user innovation so as to reduce its innovation risk. Most previous studies discussed is how to distinguish between innovating and non-innovating users, very little explored what factors influence the different degree of user innovation, and proposed a complete theoretical framework.
This paper starts with user innovation phenomenon, reviews previous literature, comes up with the definition, characteristics, types of user innovation, and sum up other research achievements of user innovation. In order to explain the behavior of the user innovation better, and explore the intrinsic relationship of different factors, we introduce theory of reasoned action and unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) into our research, and discuss in depth what factors influence the different degree of user innovation and how to influence. The article first argues the rationality of the introduction of UTAUT model to explain user innovation behavior, and then summarize the key factors from research results in this field, next propose four determinants of user innovation base on these: performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence and facilitating conditions. After that, we discuss the moderating effect of experience and personal innovativeness for these factors, and propose the complete research model and hypothesis.
According to the results of empirical study, the findings include the following: Firstly, the determinants of individual user leading degree are performance expectancy and social influence, effort expectancy has no significant effect on it. Meanwhile, performance expectancy and effort expectancy are moderated by experience and personal innovativeness. And the influencing factors of the behavior of user innovation are performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, but facilitating conditions has no significant effect on it. Moreover effort expectancy and social influence are moderated by experience and personal innovativeness.
In the last section, this paper concludes the research results and provides some possible suggestions for enterprise. The research prospects are depicted at the end of the paper.
本文从用户创新现象入手,回顾了以往的研究,对相关文献进行了综述,整理形成了用户创新的概念、特点和行为模式,总结了用户创新的相关研究成果。同时为了能更好的解释用户创新这一行为,发掘不同影响因素的内在联系,本文将引入技术接受领域的UTAUT模型,对哪些因素影响了用户进行创新的程度以及如何影响进行深入讨论。文章首先论证引入统一的技术接受模型来研究用户创新行为的合理性;然后提出影响用户创新实现程度的四个主要因素:预期收益、预期成本、社交影响和促进条件;之后讨论经验和个人创新性对这四个因素的调制作用,提出完整的研究模型与假设。
根据实证分析的结果,本研究发现:影响个人用户领先程度的主要因素是用户的预期收益和社会影响,预期付出对领先程度没有显著影响,同时预期收益和预期付出受到经验和个人创新性的调制。影响个人用户实现其创新想法的主要因素是预期收益、预期付出和社会影响,促进条件对其作用不显著。同时预期付出和社会影响这两个因素都受到经验和个人创新性的调制。
在结论与展望部分,针对本文研究的结论进行总结,并据此为企业提供一些可能的建议,并且为今后的研究做出展望。
A large number of previous researches show that, the phenomenon of user innovation is becoming increasing common. Furthermore, many scholars revealed the user has played an important role in the innovation process through empirical research in several industries. It is a hot topic that how an enterprise can exploit and make full use of user innovation so as to reduce its innovation risk. Most previous studies discussed is how to distinguish between innovating and non-innovating users, very little explored what factors influence the different degree of user innovation, and proposed a complete theoretical framework.
This paper starts with user innovation phenomenon, reviews previous literature, comes up with the definition, characteristics, types of user innovation, and sum up other research achievements of user innovation. In order to explain the behavior of the user innovation better, and explore the intrinsic relationship of different factors, we introduce theory of reasoned action and unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) into our research, and discuss in depth what factors influence the different degree of user innovation and how to influence. The article first argues the rationality of the introduction of UTAUT model to explain user innovation behavior, and then summarize the key factors from research results in this field, next propose four determinants of user innovation base on these: performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence and facilitating conditions. After that, we discuss the moderating effect of experience and personal innovativeness for these factors, and propose the complete research model and hypothesis.
According to the results of empirical study, the findings include the following: Firstly, the determinants of individual user leading degree are performance expectancy and social influence, effort expectancy has no significant effect on it. Meanwhile, performance expectancy and effort expectancy are moderated by experience and personal innovativeness. And the influencing factors of the behavior of user innovation are performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, but facilitating conditions has no significant effect on it. Moreover effort expectancy and social influence are moderated by experience and personal innovativeness.
In the last section, this paper concludes the research results and provides some possible suggestions for enterprise. The research prospects are depicted at the end of the paper.
引文
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