高强混凝土加芯柱及框架结构抗震性能研究
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摘要
高强混凝土抗压强度高、耐久性好，可显著减小框架柱的截面尺寸和结构自重，避免或减少普通混凝土框架柱因受轴压比所限而出现的“胖柱少筋”现象，但塑性差阻碍了其在地震区的推广应用。钢管混凝土和钢骨混凝土虽然能改善高强混凝土的变形能力和延性，但存在用钢量大、防火性能差、节点构造复杂、施工难度大等缺陷。高强混凝土加芯柱是在高强混凝土柱的中部设置纵筋并与复合箍筋形成芯柱，既可提高柱的轴心抗压承载力又能增强延性，但国内外的研究却很少，使其不便直接应用于工程实践。本文通过理论分析、试验研究和数值计算等方法研究高强混凝土加芯柱的抗震性能，为其推广应用于工程实践提供理论依据。
本文的主要工作和成果包括：1）进行了7个高强混凝土加芯柱试件在高轴压力和往复水平力作用下的拟静力试验，研究和分析了高强混凝土加芯柱的破坏现象、水平承载力、滞回性能、延性系数、耗能性能、强度及刚度退化率等。研究表明，高强混凝土加芯柱具有较好的抗震性能，核心区面积、核心纵筋配筋率、配箍特征值对高强混凝土加芯柱的抗震性能均有影响；2）基于试验数据拟合了高强混凝土加芯柱在反复水平荷载作用下的无量纲化骨架曲线，得到了简化三线型模型的基本参数；采用理论分析及试验回归的方法得到了骨架曲线的计算公式；根据试验试件的滞回规则，构建了高强混凝土加芯柱的恢复力模型，并用试验数据进行了验证；3）采用有限元程序对不同设计参数的大量高强混凝土加芯柱非线性受力性能进行了数值分析，总结了核心区面积、核心纵筋配筋率、配箍特征值、轴压比等参数对高强混凝土加芯柱抗震性能的影响规律。分析结果表明，理论计算结果和试验结果吻合较好，用有限元分析程序对高强混凝土加芯柱抗震性能进行受力分析的方法可行；4）将一七层框架结构的1-4层普通混凝土框架柱用高强混凝土加芯柱代替，进行了静力和动力弹塑性分析，从结构的性能点、最大层间位移角、塑性铰出铰机制等方面对结构的抗震性能进行了综合评估。研究表明，采用高强混凝土加芯柱在减小柱截面尺寸、提高建筑面积利用率的情况下仍能甚至优于原结构的抗震性能。
本文的研究，既可为补充和完善建筑结构抗震规范及进一步研究提供参考，又可为高强混凝土加芯柱的推广和应用提供理论依据。
High-strength concrete has both high compressive strength and durability, which cancause significant decrease in the cross sections of columns and self weight of a structure, andavoid or reduce the phenomenon of “large column cross scections with slight reinforcement”due to the restriction of axial compression ratio of columns in an ordinary concrete frame.But its low plasticity hinders the extent of its application in seismic zones. Thoughconcrete-filled steel tubes and steel reinforced concrete can improve the deformation capacityand ductility of high-strength concrete, they have such disadvantages as high steel ratios, poorfire-proof property, complex joint detailing and construction difficulties, etc.. High-strengthconcrete columns with central reinforcement (HCCCR) are columns made of high-strengthconcrete with additional longitudinal bars provided at the central parts of their cross sectionscombined with composite ties to form the cores. This type of columns has both higher axialcompression capacity and ductility. There have been, however, rare literatures in the researchof HCCCR home and abroad, which makes their direct application inconvenient. In thisdissertation, the seismic performance of HCCCR has been investigated through theoreticalanalysis, test study and numerical computation so as to provide theoretical basis for theextensive application of such columns in actual projects.
The major works and results includes:1) pseudo-static tests were conducted for7specimens of HCCCR under high axial compression and repeated lateral loading, with theirfailure phenomena analyzed and investigated, together with the lateral load carryingcapacities, hysteric property, ductility factor, strength and rate of rigidity degradation. It hasbeen indicated that HCCR has good seismic performance, which are affected by core area,core longitudinal reinforcement ratio and tie characteristic value;2) on the basis of testingdata, the dimensionless skeleton curves of HCCCR under repeated lateral loading were fittedand the basic parameters for simplified trilinear models were obtained; formula of theskeleton curves were put forth by using the methods of theoretical analysis and regression;based on hysteric rules of specimens, the restoring force model of HCCCRs was constructedand checked by the testing data;3) with the application of a finite element software,numerical analysis was conducted for a large number of HCCCRs with different parameters so that the rules were summarized by which core area, core longitudinal reinforcement ratio,characteristic value of tie and axial compression ratio affect the seismic performance ofHCCCRs. Analytical results shows that theoretical results closely match the testing results sothat it is feasible to use the finite element software to analyze the seismic performance ofHCCCR;4) for a7-storey concrete frame structure with its columns from the first to thefourth storey replaced by HCCCRs, both static elastoplastic analysis and dynamicelastoplastic analysis were conducted, and its seismic performance was comprehensivelyevaluated in terms of performance points, maximum inter-story drift angles and mechanismof appearance of plastic hinges. The study indicates that with reduction in the cross sectionsof ordinary concrete columns and increase in the utility rate of building areas, HCCCR canstill have equivalent, even better seismic performance as compared with the originalstructure.
The research results can not only provide reference for the supplementation andperfection of seismic design codes, but can also form a sound base for the generalization andwide application of HCCCR.
本文的主要工作和成果包括：1）进行了7个高强混凝土加芯柱试件在高轴压力和往复水平力作用下的拟静力试验，研究和分析了高强混凝土加芯柱的破坏现象、水平承载力、滞回性能、延性系数、耗能性能、强度及刚度退化率等。研究表明，高强混凝土加芯柱具有较好的抗震性能，核心区面积、核心纵筋配筋率、配箍特征值对高强混凝土加芯柱的抗震性能均有影响；2）基于试验数据拟合了高强混凝土加芯柱在反复水平荷载作用下的无量纲化骨架曲线，得到了简化三线型模型的基本参数；采用理论分析及试验回归的方法得到了骨架曲线的计算公式；根据试验试件的滞回规则，构建了高强混凝土加芯柱的恢复力模型，并用试验数据进行了验证；3）采用有限元程序对不同设计参数的大量高强混凝土加芯柱非线性受力性能进行了数值分析，总结了核心区面积、核心纵筋配筋率、配箍特征值、轴压比等参数对高强混凝土加芯柱抗震性能的影响规律。分析结果表明，理论计算结果和试验结果吻合较好，用有限元分析程序对高强混凝土加芯柱抗震性能进行受力分析的方法可行；4）将一七层框架结构的1-4层普通混凝土框架柱用高强混凝土加芯柱代替，进行了静力和动力弹塑性分析，从结构的性能点、最大层间位移角、塑性铰出铰机制等方面对结构的抗震性能进行了综合评估。研究表明，采用高强混凝土加芯柱在减小柱截面尺寸、提高建筑面积利用率的情况下仍能甚至优于原结构的抗震性能。
本文的研究，既可为补充和完善建筑结构抗震规范及进一步研究提供参考，又可为高强混凝土加芯柱的推广和应用提供理论依据。
High-strength concrete has both high compressive strength and durability, which cancause significant decrease in the cross sections of columns and self weight of a structure, andavoid or reduce the phenomenon of “large column cross scections with slight reinforcement”due to the restriction of axial compression ratio of columns in an ordinary concrete frame.But its low plasticity hinders the extent of its application in seismic zones. Thoughconcrete-filled steel tubes and steel reinforced concrete can improve the deformation capacityand ductility of high-strength concrete, they have such disadvantages as high steel ratios, poorfire-proof property, complex joint detailing and construction difficulties, etc.. High-strengthconcrete columns with central reinforcement (HCCCR) are columns made of high-strengthconcrete with additional longitudinal bars provided at the central parts of their cross sectionscombined with composite ties to form the cores. This type of columns has both higher axialcompression capacity and ductility. There have been, however, rare literatures in the researchof HCCCR home and abroad, which makes their direct application inconvenient. In thisdissertation, the seismic performance of HCCCR has been investigated through theoreticalanalysis, test study and numerical computation so as to provide theoretical basis for theextensive application of such columns in actual projects.
The major works and results includes:1) pseudo-static tests were conducted for7specimens of HCCCR under high axial compression and repeated lateral loading, with theirfailure phenomena analyzed and investigated, together with the lateral load carryingcapacities, hysteric property, ductility factor, strength and rate of rigidity degradation. It hasbeen indicated that HCCR has good seismic performance, which are affected by core area,core longitudinal reinforcement ratio and tie characteristic value;2) on the basis of testingdata, the dimensionless skeleton curves of HCCCR under repeated lateral loading were fittedand the basic parameters for simplified trilinear models were obtained; formula of theskeleton curves were put forth by using the methods of theoretical analysis and regression;based on hysteric rules of specimens, the restoring force model of HCCCRs was constructedand checked by the testing data;3) with the application of a finite element software,numerical analysis was conducted for a large number of HCCCRs with different parameters so that the rules were summarized by which core area, core longitudinal reinforcement ratio,characteristic value of tie and axial compression ratio affect the seismic performance ofHCCCRs. Analytical results shows that theoretical results closely match the testing results sothat it is feasible to use the finite element software to analyze the seismic performance ofHCCCR;4) for a7-storey concrete frame structure with its columns from the first to thefourth storey replaced by HCCCRs, both static elastoplastic analysis and dynamicelastoplastic analysis were conducted, and its seismic performance was comprehensivelyevaluated in terms of performance points, maximum inter-story drift angles and mechanismof appearance of plastic hinges. The study indicates that with reduction in the cross sectionsof ordinary concrete columns and increase in the utility rate of building areas, HCCCR canstill have equivalent, even better seismic performance as compared with the originalstructure.
The research results can not only provide reference for the supplementation andperfection of seismic design codes, but can also form a sound base for the generalization andwide application of HCCCR.
引文
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