基于振动多特征的轻轨锚固螺杆松动故障诊断方法研究
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摘要
本文的主要研究对象是重庆市轻轨交通的在役锚固螺杆,它们是连接轻轨轨道梁和墩台的关键受力部件,其健康状况将对轻轨的安全运行产生重大影响。为及时监测其健康状况,需要设计一个健康监测系统以确保轨道梁安全。本文作为健康监测系统的一个分支,主要研究基于振动多特征的轻轨锚固螺杆松动故障诊断方法,即利用该方法判断锚固螺杆紧固螺母的松动与失效情况。
本文首先简单介绍了振动信号自动采集系统的软硬件设计,及自动采集的相关性原理。接着作者从工程实际出发,根据跨坐式轨道交通这种特殊环境的特点及锚固螺杆健康监测的需要,设计了轻轨在役锚固螺杆振动信号处理软件系统。本系统的主要目的是,根据锚固螺杆系统的输入(力锤激励信号)、输出(锚固螺杆振动响应信号)求解出能反映锚固螺杆系统特性的脉冲响应信号,并对此脉冲信号进行各种运算(时频分布特征、波包模型特征等),以从实验台上各已知力矩的信号中提取有效的特征作为判据,实现对现场锚固螺杆紧固螺母松动与失效的诊断。
人工抽样检测的大量数据表明,被系统判为正常的锚固螺杆中所有抽样数据均为正常,没有故障锚固螺杆混入;被系统判为故障的锚固螺杆数据全部经过人工复查,其中仅有少部分(占全部被判为故障总数的6.7%)处于正常状态,其余均有故障,因此本系统可作为判断锚固螺杆是否处于正常服役状态的依据。这为轻轨锚固螺杆紧固螺母松动与失效故障分析提供了新方法。
Those screw anchors assembled on Light-Rail of Chongqing are the key research objects of this paper. Since they are the most important part to connect piers and girders of Light-Rail, their health condition to the safe operation of Light-Rail plays the vital function. Therefore, a monitoring operation must be taken to make sure that all those screw anchors works in normal.
This paper reviewed and summarized the screw anchor’s vibration signal data acquisition system which had been achieved by predecessors. This automatic acquisition system's hardware and software design methods were also introduced in detail.
In order to implement the diagnosis of Chongqing Light-rail's work field screws, a diagnosis measurement system is established and the algorithm based on the multiple features has been researched. First, get every screw’s vibration signal under different pre-tightening force. Second, calculate their impulse response signal. After extract some characters, such as the time-frequency distribution features, Wave-packet model features and etc, from the trained vibration signal of experimental screws, the characters can be used as a kind of criteria in diagnosis of these work field screws. Finally, the measurement system based on multiple features will also bring out the result report of corresponding screw.
Experimental result indicates that the misclassification ratio is less than 7%, it proves this method can meet the requirement of Chongqing Light-rail's work field screws’loose fault diagnosis.
本文首先简单介绍了振动信号自动采集系统的软硬件设计,及自动采集的相关性原理。接着作者从工程实际出发,根据跨坐式轨道交通这种特殊环境的特点及锚固螺杆健康监测的需要,设计了轻轨在役锚固螺杆振动信号处理软件系统。本系统的主要目的是,根据锚固螺杆系统的输入(力锤激励信号)、输出(锚固螺杆振动响应信号)求解出能反映锚固螺杆系统特性的脉冲响应信号,并对此脉冲信号进行各种运算(时频分布特征、波包模型特征等),以从实验台上各已知力矩的信号中提取有效的特征作为判据,实现对现场锚固螺杆紧固螺母松动与失效的诊断。
人工抽样检测的大量数据表明,被系统判为正常的锚固螺杆中所有抽样数据均为正常,没有故障锚固螺杆混入;被系统判为故障的锚固螺杆数据全部经过人工复查,其中仅有少部分(占全部被判为故障总数的6.7%)处于正常状态,其余均有故障,因此本系统可作为判断锚固螺杆是否处于正常服役状态的依据。这为轻轨锚固螺杆紧固螺母松动与失效故障分析提供了新方法。
Those screw anchors assembled on Light-Rail of Chongqing are the key research objects of this paper. Since they are the most important part to connect piers and girders of Light-Rail, their health condition to the safe operation of Light-Rail plays the vital function. Therefore, a monitoring operation must be taken to make sure that all those screw anchors works in normal.
This paper reviewed and summarized the screw anchor’s vibration signal data acquisition system which had been achieved by predecessors. This automatic acquisition system's hardware and software design methods were also introduced in detail.
In order to implement the diagnosis of Chongqing Light-rail's work field screws, a diagnosis measurement system is established and the algorithm based on the multiple features has been researched. First, get every screw’s vibration signal under different pre-tightening force. Second, calculate their impulse response signal. After extract some characters, such as the time-frequency distribution features, Wave-packet model features and etc, from the trained vibration signal of experimental screws, the characters can be used as a kind of criteria in diagnosis of these work field screws. Finally, the measurement system based on multiple features will also bring out the result report of corresponding screw.
Experimental result indicates that the misclassification ratio is less than 7%, it proves this method can meet the requirement of Chongqing Light-rail's work field screws’loose fault diagnosis.
引文
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