煤的循环流化床富氧燃烧及排放特性研究
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摘要
随着全球工业化进程加速,温室气体CO2过度排放造成的全球气候变暖问题越来越严重,由此导致的气候异常引起了严重的环境危机。富氧燃烧技术是一项可实现CO2零排放的先进技术。循环流化床富氧燃烧技术较煤粉炉具有更多的优势,但其研究起步较晚,尚有许多问题需要解决。本论文针对煤的循环流化床富氧燃烧和污染物排放特性进行试验研究。
在23kW循环流化床富氧燃烧试验系统上,完成了约33%整体氧气浓度中煤的燃烧试验研究。试验结果表明：煤在整体氧气浓度33%、最大局部氧气浓度57.8%时,实现了安全稳定燃烧；通过调整配风,NO和N2O排放量下降、燃烧效率提高,其中龙口煤的燃烧效率达到98.67%。
建造了0.15MW循环流化床富氧燃烧试验系统,并实现了50%整体氧气浓度下的长时间稳定运行；探索出50%氧气浓度下循环流化床的点火启动、运行和停炉的操作方法；验证了该试验系统只能在富氧条件下启动且不能进行压火操作。
50%氧气浓度下,研究了配风对煤燃烧和污染物排放特性的影响。一次风氧气浓度和一次风率分别在45%～55%和50%～100%之问变化时,神木煤、石沟驿煤、大同煤均实现安全稳定燃烧；随一次风氧气浓度增加,煤的燃烧效率提高,神木煤燃烧效率最高达到96.24%；通过调整配风,可有效降低CO、N2O和NO排放浓度,但对SO2排放基本没有影响。
在0.15MW循环流化床富氧燃烧试验系统上,完成了粒径和氧气浓度对煤燃烧和燃料中N和S转化率影响的试验研究。试验结果表明：在50%整体氧气浓度下,高氧气浓度放大了粒径分布和热破碎性对煤燃烧的影响,燃用大同煤时应选用较大的粒径；同空气气氛中的煤燃烧相比,50%氧气浓度气氛下煤的N-N2O转化率、N-NO转化率分别降低为空气气氛的19%～82%、32%～68%,可见提高氧气浓度可有效降低煤燃烧产生的氮氧化物,但提高氧气浓度对煤中S向SO2转化率影响不大。
With fast development of global industrialization, the earth becomes warmer and warmer due to the excessive emission of greenhouse gas CO2, leading to serious environmental crisis. Oxy-fuel combustion technology is advanced, because zero CO2emission can be achieved. Compared with pulverized coal combustion, there are more advantages for oxy-fuel combustion in circulating fluidized beds. However, the research on oxy-fuel combustion in circulating fluidized beds (CFB) starts late, thus many items are still needed to be researched. In this dissertation, oxy-fuel combustion characteristics and pollutant emission of coal in circulating fluidized beds are investigated.
Experiments were carried out in a23kW CFB combustion test rig with the overall oxygen concentration of about33%. The results show that coal could be combusted stably in the CFB with the overall oxygen concentration of33%and the local oxygen concentration of57.8%. Optimizaing the air distribution can help to reduce the emission of N2O and NO and improve the combustion efficiency. The combustion efficiency of Longkou coal could reach98.67%.
0.15MW CFB combustion test system was constructed. Combustion could keep stable for a long time with the overall oxygen concentration of50%. The ignition, operation and shutdowns process of CFB was explored at50%oxygen concentration and banking fire could not be operated in the system. The system could only be started at oxy-fuel atmosphere.
The influence of air distribution on combustion characteristics and pollutant emission was studied at50%oxygen concentration atmosphere. It was revealed that when the oxygen concentration of primary air was between45%and55%and the flow ratio of primary air ranged from50%to100%, the coal from Shenmu, Shigouyi and Datong could all be stably combusted. With the increase in the oxygen concentration of primary air, the combustion efficiency is improved, which could reach96.24%for Shenmu coal. Optimizaing the air distribution can effectively reduce the emission of CO, N2O and NO. However, it has no obvious effect on SO2emission.
In the0.15MW CFB combustion test system, the effects of particle size and oxygen concentration on coal combustion were investigated, and the conversion rates of N and S were also studied. The results indicate that the impact of particle size distribution and thermal fragmentation of coal on combustion was amplified at high oxygen concentration atmosphere. The size of the Datong coal particles should be increased in order to keep stable operation of the CFB. Compared with combustion at the air atmosphere, both the conversion rates of N to N2O and to NO decrease19%-82%and32%-68%at50%overall oxygen concentration. However, increasing the overall oxygen concentration has no obvious effect on the conversion rate of S to SO2.
在23kW循环流化床富氧燃烧试验系统上,完成了约33%整体氧气浓度中煤的燃烧试验研究。试验结果表明：煤在整体氧气浓度33%、最大局部氧气浓度57.8%时,实现了安全稳定燃烧；通过调整配风,NO和N2O排放量下降、燃烧效率提高,其中龙口煤的燃烧效率达到98.67%。
建造了0.15MW循环流化床富氧燃烧试验系统,并实现了50%整体氧气浓度下的长时间稳定运行；探索出50%氧气浓度下循环流化床的点火启动、运行和停炉的操作方法；验证了该试验系统只能在富氧条件下启动且不能进行压火操作。
50%氧气浓度下,研究了配风对煤燃烧和污染物排放特性的影响。一次风氧气浓度和一次风率分别在45%～55%和50%～100%之问变化时,神木煤、石沟驿煤、大同煤均实现安全稳定燃烧；随一次风氧气浓度增加,煤的燃烧效率提高,神木煤燃烧效率最高达到96.24%；通过调整配风,可有效降低CO、N2O和NO排放浓度,但对SO2排放基本没有影响。
在0.15MW循环流化床富氧燃烧试验系统上,完成了粒径和氧气浓度对煤燃烧和燃料中N和S转化率影响的试验研究。试验结果表明：在50%整体氧气浓度下,高氧气浓度放大了粒径分布和热破碎性对煤燃烧的影响,燃用大同煤时应选用较大的粒径；同空气气氛中的煤燃烧相比,50%氧气浓度气氛下煤的N-N2O转化率、N-NO转化率分别降低为空气气氛的19%～82%、32%～68%,可见提高氧气浓度可有效降低煤燃烧产生的氮氧化物,但提高氧气浓度对煤中S向SO2转化率影响不大。
With fast development of global industrialization, the earth becomes warmer and warmer due to the excessive emission of greenhouse gas CO2, leading to serious environmental crisis. Oxy-fuel combustion technology is advanced, because zero CO2emission can be achieved. Compared with pulverized coal combustion, there are more advantages for oxy-fuel combustion in circulating fluidized beds. However, the research on oxy-fuel combustion in circulating fluidized beds (CFB) starts late, thus many items are still needed to be researched. In this dissertation, oxy-fuel combustion characteristics and pollutant emission of coal in circulating fluidized beds are investigated.
Experiments were carried out in a23kW CFB combustion test rig with the overall oxygen concentration of about33%. The results show that coal could be combusted stably in the CFB with the overall oxygen concentration of33%and the local oxygen concentration of57.8%. Optimizaing the air distribution can help to reduce the emission of N2O and NO and improve the combustion efficiency. The combustion efficiency of Longkou coal could reach98.67%.
0.15MW CFB combustion test system was constructed. Combustion could keep stable for a long time with the overall oxygen concentration of50%. The ignition, operation and shutdowns process of CFB was explored at50%oxygen concentration and banking fire could not be operated in the system. The system could only be started at oxy-fuel atmosphere.
The influence of air distribution on combustion characteristics and pollutant emission was studied at50%oxygen concentration atmosphere. It was revealed that when the oxygen concentration of primary air was between45%and55%and the flow ratio of primary air ranged from50%to100%, the coal from Shenmu, Shigouyi and Datong could all be stably combusted. With the increase in the oxygen concentration of primary air, the combustion efficiency is improved, which could reach96.24%for Shenmu coal. Optimizaing the air distribution can effectively reduce the emission of CO, N2O and NO. However, it has no obvious effect on SO2emission.
In the0.15MW CFB combustion test system, the effects of particle size and oxygen concentration on coal combustion were investigated, and the conversion rates of N and S were also studied. The results indicate that the impact of particle size distribution and thermal fragmentation of coal on combustion was amplified at high oxygen concentration atmosphere. The size of the Datong coal particles should be increased in order to keep stable operation of the CFB. Compared with combustion at the air atmosphere, both the conversion rates of N to N2O and to NO decrease19%-82%and32%-68%at50%overall oxygen concentration. However, increasing the overall oxygen concentration has no obvious effect on the conversion rate of S to SO2.
引文
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